Diseases of the heart and blood vessels (cardiology)

Pulmonary regurgitation: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Pulmonary regurgitation is a failure of the pulmonary artery valve, which causes blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle during diastole. The most common cause is pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Mitral stenosis

Mitral stenosis (stenosis of the left atrioventricular orifice) - obstruction of blood flow in the left ventricle at the level of the mitral, valve, preventing its proper opening during diastole.

Mitral regurgitation

Mitral regurgitation - failure of the mitral valve, leading to the emergence of flow from the left ventricle (LV) into the left atrium during systole.

Mitral valve prolapse: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The prolapse of the mitral valve is the deflection of the mitral valve flaps into the left atrium during systole. The most common cause is idiopathic myxomatous degeneration. Mitral valve prolapse is usually benign, but complications include mitral regurgitation, endocarditis, valve rupture, and possible thromboembolism.

Treatment of aortic stenosis

Patients without clinical manifestations with a peak systolic gradient <25 mm Hg. Art. And a valve area> 1.0 cm have a low mortality and a small overall risk of surgical intervention for the next 2 years.

Diagnosis of aortic stenosis

Presumptive diagnosis of aortic stenosis is put clinically and confirmed by echocardiography. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography is used to detect the stenosis of the aortaptic valve and its possible causes.

Symptoms of aortic stenosis

Congenital aortic stenosis usually proceeds asymptomatically, at least up to 10-20 years, after which the symptoms can begin to progress rapidly. In all forms, progressive aortic stenosis without treatment ultimately leads to fainting during exercise, angina and shortness of breath (the so-called SAD triad).

What causes aortic stenosis?

The causes of calcified aortic stenosis are diseases accompanied by a systemic calcium metabolism disorder, in particular Paget's disease (bone form), terminal stage of chronic renal failure and alkaponuria.

Aortic stenosis: general information

Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve that limits the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the ascending part of the aorta during systole. The causes include a congenital bicuspid aortic valve, idiopathic degenerative sclerosis with calcification, and rheumatic fever.

Aortic regurgitation

Aortic regurgitation is the failure of the aortic valve to close, resulting in flow from the aorta to the left ventricle during diastole.

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