Diseases of the heart and blood vessels (cardiology)

Cardiac pacing

Pacemy stimulation is the use of a pulsed electric current to impose a certain rhythm of cardiac contractions on the heart. Such an external pacemaker driver is needed when internal pacemakers (heart cells with special properties generate electrical impulses that cause heart contractions) and the conduction system can not provide normal heart function.

Collapse

Collapse is an acute vascular insufficiency, accompanied by a combined decrease in vascular tone and a decrease in BCC. Collapse is a more severe and prolonged violation of systemic circulation than syncope. Loss of consciousness during collapse (in contrast to syncope) occurs rarely, since it does not have a primary spasm of the brain vessels.

Bradycardia

Bradycardia - reduction of heartbeats less than 60 beats per minute. In some cases, this and a smaller number of heartbeats are considered a variant of the norm (trained athletes).

Acute vascular insufficiency

Acute vascular insufficiency is characterized by a sudden impairment of blood circulation as a result of discrepancy between the volume of circulating blood and the capacity of the vascular bed. Development of the syndrome of small ejection in acute vascular insufficiency is associated with a decrease in venous return due to a sudden increase in the capacity of the vascular bed.

Diagnosis of myocardial infarction

Measurement of cardiomarker levels speeds up and specifies such an event as the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, as well as the ability to predict its further development. The main biochemical markers, which uses the diagnosis of myocardial infarction - myoglobin, troponin I, troponin T, creatine-phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase.

Tachycardia

Tachycardia - an increase in the heart rate of more than 100 per minute. The negative effect of tachycardia on the myocardium is explained by the fact that coronary blood flow is carried out mainly during diastole.

ECG for myocardial infarction

ECG with myocardial infarction has a high diagnostic value. Despite this, its informativeness is not absolute.

Blood loss

Blood loss always leads to hypovolemia, which is characterized by a decrease in the absolute or relative volume of blood circulating in the body. Among the potentially reversible causes of circulatory arrest, hypovolemia is in second place, and this is quite natural.

Myocardial infarction symptoms

Symptoms of myocardial infarction are based on three main symptoms: characteristic severe pain, lasting more than 20-30 minutes and not weakening after taking nitroglycerin; specific electrocardiographic data; laboratory indicators.

Stable angina

Stable angina is a chronic heart disease caused by the inability of the narrowed coronary arteries to provide the necessary increase in blood flow with an increase in the work performed by the heart.

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