Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastroenterology)

Barrett's esophagus

Barrett's esophagus is an acquired condition that is one of the complications of gastroesophageal or duodenogastroesophageal reflux disease, which develops as a result of replacement of the destroyed multilayer squamous epithelium of the lower esophagus with cylindrical epithelium, which leads to a predisposition to the development of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or cardia (BD Starostin, 1997). ).

Ulcer of the esophagus

Ulcer of the esophagus - ulceration of the mucosa of the esophagus. The disease was first described by Quincke in 1879, is more common in men than in women. Ulcers are localized mainly in the lower third of the esophagus.

Diaphragmatic hernia

Hernia of the esophageal orifice of the diaphragm (diaphragmatic hernia) is a chronic recurrent disease associated with displacement of the diaphragm through the esophageal opening into the chest cavity (posterior mediastinum) of the abdominal esophagus, cardia, upper stomach, and sometimes bowel loops (Ts. G. Masevich, 1995 ).

Diagnosis of chronic esophagitis

Characteristic signs of chronic esophagitis are swelling of the folds of the mucous membrane, uneven contours of the esophagus, the presence of a large amount of mucus. In the presence of erosions of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, round or oval stripes of the barium depot measuring 0.5-1.0 cm are found.

Symptoms of chronic esophagitis

Clinical symptoms of chronic esophagitis are caused by both inflammatory changes in the esophagus mucosa, and often accompanied by esophagus dyskinesia and those situations that caused the development of chronic esophagitis.

Causes of chronic esophagitis

The following etiological groups of chronic esophagitis are distinguished (VM Nechaev, 1995). Alimentary oesophagitis. Occur due to constant traumatization of the mucous membrane of the esophagus hot, acute, too cold, rough food, as well as alcohol abuse.

Chronic esophagitis

Chronic esophagitis is a disease of the esophagus, which is characterized by inflammation of the mucosa of the esophagus lasting more than 6 months.

Prophylaxis of achalasia of cardia

Preventive measures are not developed. To prevent aspiration of food masses in the respiratory tract, the patient during sleep should observe the position with the raised head of the bed.

Treatment of achalasia of cardia

The objectives of the treatment of achalasia of cardia: Elimination of the functional barrier for passage of food in the form of unshaken lower esophageal sphincter and prevention of development of complications of the disease.

Diagnosis of cardiac achalasia

Suspicion of achalasia of cardia occurs when patients are presented with typical complaints of difficulty swallowing in combination with pain after the sternum after a meal, regurgitation (regurgitation), frequent attacks of hiccoughs, belching and weight loss.

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