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Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastroenterology)

Barrett's esophagus

Barrett's esophagus is an acquired condition that is one of the complications of gastroesophageal or duodenogastroesophageal reflux disease, developing as a result of the replacement of the destroyed multilayered squamous epithelium of the lower part of the esophagus with columnar epithelium, which leads to a predisposition to the development of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or cardia (B. D. Starostin, 1997).

Esophageal ulcer

Esophageal ulcer is an ulceration of the mucous membrane of the esophagus. The disease was first described by Quincke in 1879 and is more common in men than in women. Ulcers are localized mainly in the lower third of the esophagus.

Diaphragmatic hernia

A hernia of the esophageal opening of the diaphragm (diaphragmatic hernia) is a chronic recurrent disease associated with the displacement of the abdominal part of the esophagus, cardia, upper part of the stomach, and sometimes intestinal loops through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm into the chest cavity (posterior mediastinum) (Ts. G. Masevich, 1995).

Diagnosis of chronic esophagitis

Characteristic signs of chronic esophagitis are swelling of the folds of the mucous membrane, uneven contours of the esophagus, and the presence of a large amount of mucus. In the presence of erosions of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, round or oval strips of barium "depot" measuring 0.5-1.0 cm are detected.

Symptoms of chronic esophagitis

Clinical symptoms of chronic esophagitis are caused by both inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane of the esophagus, and often by concomitant dyskinesia of the esophagus and those situations that caused the development of chronic esophagitis.

Causes of chronic esophagitis

The following etiological groups of chronic esophagitis are distinguished (V. M. Nechaev, 1995). Alimentary esophagitis. Occurs as a result of constant trauma to the mucous membrane of the esophagus by hot, spicy, too cold, coarse food, as well as with alcohol abuse.

Chronic esophagitis

Chronic esophagitis is a disease of the esophagus, which is characterized by inflammation of the esophageal mucosa lasting more than 6 months.

Prevention of achalasia of the cardia

Preventive measures have not been developed. To prevent aspiration of food masses into the respiratory tract, the patient should maintain a position with the head of the bed elevated during sleep.

Treatment of achalasia of the cardia

The goals of treatment of achalasia cardia: Elimination of the functional barrier to the passage of food in the form of an unrelaxed lower esophageal sphincter and prevention of the development of complications of the disease.

Diagnosis of achalasia of the cardia

Achalasia of the cardia is suspected when patients present typical complaints of difficulty swallowing combined with pain behind the breastbone after eating, regurgitation, frequent bouts of hiccups, belching, and weight loss.

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