Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastroenterology)

Erosion of the stomach and duodenum

Erosion of the stomach and duodenum - superficial defects that do not go beyond the tunica muscularis of the gastric mucosa and duodenum, and heal without scarring.

Chronic duodenitis: causes

Primary chronic duodenitis is very rare. The main factors that cause it are irregular eating, frequent use of spicy, spicy, rough food, strong alcoholic beverages, excessive amounts of fats, carbohydrates; smoking; excessive passion for coffee, strong tea.

Chronic duodenitis

Chronic duodenitis is a polyietological disease of the duodenum, characterized by inflammatory-dystrophic changes in the mucous membrane with subsequent structural rearrangement of the glandular apparatus, development of metaplasia and atrophy.

Functional dyspepsia

Functional dyspepsia (PD) is a symptomatic complex that includes pain or discomfort in the epigastric region, the severity and feeling of overflow in the epigastrium after eating, early satiety, bloating, nausea, vomiting, belching and other symptoms in which, despite a thorough examination, it is not possible to identify any organic disease in the patient.

Chronic gastritis

Chronic gastritis is a group of chronic diseases that are morphologically characterized by inflammatory and dystrophic processes, a violation of physiological regeneration and, as a result, atrophy of the glandular epithelium (with progressing course), intestinal metaplasia, and a disorder of the secretory, motor and endocrine functions of the stomach.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a disease characterized by the development of inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane of the distal esophagus and / or the characteristic clinical symptoms due to repeated reflux into the esophagus of gastric and / or duodenal contents.

Aerophagia

Aerophagia is a functional indigestion characterized by ingestion of air. Normally, without swallowing, the upper esophageal sphincter is closed. During food, it opens, and together with food, a certain amount of air is always swallowed (to each sip about 2-3 cm3 of air).

Functional indigestion

Functional indigestion is a violation of motor and / or secretory function that occurs with the phenomena of gastric dyspepsia and pain syndrome without signs of anatomical changes (AV Frolkis, 1991).

Diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus

FGDS is the main method of diagnosing Barrett's esophagus. Cylindrical epithelium (Barrett's epithelium) in the case of FGD has the appearance of a velvet-like (velvet) mucosa of red color, which distally imperceptibly passes into the usual mucous membrane of the proximal part of the stomach, and proximally into squamous epithelium of the esophagus of pink color.

Barrett's esophagus: causes

The main causes of the development of Barrett's esophagus are gastroesophageal or duodenogastroesophageal reflux disease and diaphragmatic hernia.

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