Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Symptoms of acute posthemorrhagic anemia in children

Symptoms of acute posthemorrhagic anemia consist of two syndromes - collaptoid and anemic, caused by a sharp decrease in BCC. Symptoms of a collapoid syndrome predominate over anemic.

Causes of acute posthemorrhagic anemia in children

Causes of acute posthemorrhagic anemia: Bleeding from the umbilical vessels (umbilical cord injury, raising the newborn above the placenta level with the uncluttered umbilical cord); The defect of caring for the remainder of the umbilical cord (umbilical cord eruption with Ragovina bracket, insufficiently tight ligation of the umbilical cord, too vigorous removal of the umbilical cord at the moment of its falling off)

Acute posthemorrhagic anemia in children

Small blood loss in older children does not cause severe clinical symptoms and is relatively well tolerated. Significant loss of blood by children is tolerated worse than adults.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (Marciafawa-Micheli's disease)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (Marciafawa-Micheli's disease) is a rare form of acquired hemolytic anemia, occurring at a frequency of 1:50 000 in the population.

Hemolytic anemia associated with mechanical damage to the erythrocyte membrane

Hemolytic anemia associated with mechanical damage to the erythrocyte membrane occurs in patients with aortic valve prostheses due to intravascular erythrocyte destruction.

Toxic hemolytic anemia

Cases of hemolytic anemia after a sting of bees, scorpions, spiders, snakes (in particular, vipers) are described. It is very common and dangerous poisoning with mushrooms, especially morels, fraught with severe acute hemolysis.

Drug-induced hemolytic anemia

Drug hemolytic anemia develops as a result of the effects of many drugs that cause hemolysis. There are 3 mechanisms of development of drug (immune) hemolytic anemia.

Immune hemolytic anemia

Immune hemolytic anemia is a heterogeneous group of diseases in which blood or bone marrow cells are destroyed by antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes directed against their own unchanged antigens.

How is sickle cell anemia treated?

Transfusion therapy for sickle cell anemia is fraught with increased blood viscosity until the level of Hb S is significantly reduced; Hematocrit should not exceed 25-30% before the beginning of transfusion of erythrocyte mass.

Diagnosis of sickle cell anemia

In the hemogram, normochromic hyperregenerative anemia is detected - the concentration of hemoglobin is usually 60 ~ 80 g / l, the number of reticulocytes is 50-150%. In the smears of peripheral blood usually contain red blood cells, subjected to irreversible "sickle" - sickle erythrocytes; Aniso- and poikilocytosis, polychromatophilia, ovalocytosis, micro- and macrocytosis are also found, and the Kebot and Jolly bodies are found.

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