Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Symptomatic Anemia

The development of anemia is possible with a number of pathological conditions, seemingly not related to the hematopoietic system. Diagnostic difficulties, as a rule, do not occur if the underlying disease is known and the anemic syndrome does not prevail in the clinical picture.

Anemia of prematurity

The main factors contributing to the onset of anemia in the first year of life in preterm or low birth weight babies are cessation of erythropoiesis, iron deficiency, folate deficiency and vitamin E deficiency.

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome was first described as an independent disease by Gasser et al. In 1955, characterized by a combination of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure, in 45-60% of cases ends lethal.

Methemoglobinemia

Methemoglobin, in contrast to conventional hemoglobin, contains unreduced iron (Fe2 +), and oxidized (Fe3 +) and in the process of reversible oxygenation, oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) is partially oxidized to methaemoglobin (Mt Hb).

Deficiency of activity of glucose-phosphate isomerase

In heterozygotes, the activity of glucose-phosphate isomerase in erythrocytes is 40-60% of the norm, the disease is asymptomatic. In homozygotes, the activity of the enzyme is 14-30% of the norm, the disease proceeds in the form of hemolytic anemia. The first manifestations of the disease can be observed already in the neonatal period - marked jaundice, anemia, splenomegaly.

Aplastic anemia

Aplastic anemia is a composite group of diseases, the main symptom of which is depression of bone marrow hemopoiesis according to aspirate and bone marrow biopsy and peripheral pancytopenia (anemia of different severity, thrombocytopenia, leukogranulocytopenia and reticulocytopenia) in the absence of diagnostic signs of leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, myelobnosis and tumor metastases .

Fanconi Anemia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Fanconi anemia was first described in 1927 by the Swiss pediatrician Guido Fanconi, who reported on 3 brothers with pancytopenia and physical vices. The term "Fanconi anemia" was proposed by Negeli in 1931 to refer to the combination of Fanconi's family anemia and congenital physical malformations.

Vitamin B6-deficiency anemia: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Vitamin B6 is found in large quantities in fresh vegetables, cereals, yeast, meat, egg yolks and other products. Therefore, the true hypo- or vitamin deficiency of vitamin B6 is very rare and mainly in infants.

Sideroblastic anemia in children

Anemia associated with impaired synthesis or utilization of porphyrins (sidero-sacramental, sideroblastic anemia) is a heterogeneous group of diseases, hereditary and acquired, is associated with a disruption in the activity of enzymes involved in the synthesis of porphyrins and heme. The term "sideroachrestic anemia" was introduced by Heylmeyer (1957). With sideroahrestic anemia, the serum level of iron is elevated.

Chronic posthemorrhagic anemia: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Chronic post-hemorrhagic anemia develops as a result of long-lasting, repeated neo-bleeding. Chronic posthemorrhagic anemia in children is the main cause of iron deficiency.

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