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Medical expert of the article

Professor Ofer SHPILBERG
Hematologist, oncohematologist

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Causes of acute posthemorrhagic anemia in children

, medical expert
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Causes of acute posthemorrhagic anemia in newborns

  • Bleeding

Prenatal

  1. fetomaternal transfusion (spontaneous, caused by an external turn of the fetus behind the head, traumatic amniocentesis)
  2. intraplacental
  3. Retroplacental
  4. interbreeding

Intranatal

  1. umbilical cord pathology
    • Rupture of the normal umbilical cord
    • Rupture of a varicose-modified umbilical cord or an aneurysm of the umbilical cord
    • Hematomas of umbilical cord
    • Rupture of abnormally located vessels of the umbilical cord
  2. abnormal placenta
    • Early detachment of the normally located placenta
    • Placenta previa
    • Damage to the placenta with caesarean section
    • Chorioangioma
    • Multilobility of the placenta

Postnatal

  1. outdoor
    • Bleeding from the umbilical vessels (umbilical cord injury, raising the newborn above the placenta level with the unclamping umbilical cord)
    • The defect of caring for the remainder of the umbilical cord (umbilical cord eruption with Ragovina bracket, insufficiently tight ligation of the umbilical cord, too vigorous removal of the umbilical cord at the moment of its falling off)
    • Intestinal bleeding
    • Iatrogenic (diagnostic venepunctures)
  2. internal
  • Hemorrhagic disease of newborns
  • Pathology of the hemostatic system
  1. Hereditary and acquired coagulopathies
  2. Thrombocytopenic purpura
  • DIC-Syndrome
  1. Acute liver failure

trusted-source[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Causes of acute posthemorrhagic anemia in young children, preschool children and school children

  • Injuries leading to external and internal bleeding (especially dangerous profuse arterial bleeding in the trauma of the main arteries: aorta, iliac, femoral, humeral)
  • Bleeding after minor surgical operations (tooth extraction, tonsillectomy, adenotomy), more often in children with background pathology of the hemostatic system (hereditary thrombocytopathy, coagulopathy)
  • Juvenile uterine bleeding (more often in girls with background pathology of the hemostasis system).
  • Stress bleeding (burns, kidney failure, connective tissue diseases and others)
  • Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract:
  1. Varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach in the syndrome of portal hypertension
  2. Gastric and duodenal ulcers
  3. Ulcerative necrotizing enterocolitis
  4. Diverticulum of the ileum
  5. Polyps of the large intestine
  6. Hiatal hernia
  7. Achalasia of the esophagus
  8. Short esophagus
  9. Fracture of anus
  • Leukemia and malignant tumors
  • Aplastic anemia
  • Pathology of the hemostasis system:
  1. Hereditary and acquired thrombocytopathies
  2. Hereditary and acquired coagulopathies
  3. Thrombocytopenic purpura
  • Bleeding at the time of surgery for vascular injuries
  • DIC-Syndrome
  • Rupture of aneurysms of blood vessels with internal bleeding
  • Bleeding from hemangiomas
  • Acute liver failure
  • Iatrogenic anemia (as a result of repeated repeated blood samples for research).

trusted-source[7], [8]

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