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Causes of acute posthemorrhagic anemia in children
Alexey Kryvenko, medical expert
Last reviewed: 06.07.2025
Last reviewed: 06.07.2025
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Causes of acute posthemorrhagic anemia in newborns
- Bleeding
Prenatal
- fetomaternal transfusions (spontaneous, caused by external version of the fetus behind the head, traumatic amniocentesis)
- intraplacental
- retroplacental
- intertwin
Intranatal
- umbilical cord pathology
- Rupture of the normal umbilical cord
- Rupture of varicose umbilical cord or umbilical cord aneurysm
- Umbilical cord hematomas
- Rupture of abnormally located umbilical cord vessels
- placental pathology
- Early detachment of a normally located placenta
- Placenta previa
- Placental injury during cesarean section
- Chorioangioma
- Multilobulation of the placenta
Postnatal
- external
- Bleeding from the umbilical vessels (trauma to the umbilical cord vessels, raising the newborn above the level of the placenta with the umbilical cord not clamped)
- Defective care of the umbilical cord remnant (cutting of the umbilical vessels with Ragovin's clamp, insufficiently tight ligation of the umbilical cord remnant, too vigorous removal of the umbilical cord remnant at the moment of its falling off)
- Intestinal bleeding
- Iatrogenic (diagnostic venipunctures)
- internal
- Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
- Pathology of the hemostasis system
- Hereditary and acquired coagulopathies
- Thrombocytopenic purpura
- DIC syndrome
- Acute liver failure
[ 1 ], [ 2 ], [ 3 ], [ 4 ], [ 5 ], [ 6 ]
Causes of acute posthemorrhagic anemia in young children, preschoolers and schoolchildren
- Injuries that lead to external and internal bleeding (especially dangerous are profuse arterial bleedings in case of injury to the main arteries: aorta, iliac, femoral, brachial)
- Bleeding after minor surgeries (tooth extraction, tonsillectomy, adenotomy), more often in children with underlying pathology of the hemostasis system (hereditary thrombocytopathy, coagulopathy)
- Juvenile uterine bleeding (more common in girls with underlying pathology of the hemostasis system).
- Stress bleeding (burns, renal failure, connective tissue diseases, etc.)
- Gastrointestinal bleeding:
- Varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach in portal hypertension syndrome
- Gastric and duodenal ulcers
- Ulcerative necrotic enterocolitis
- Ileal diverticulum
- Colon polyp
- Hiatal hernia
- Achalasia of the esophagus
- Short esophagus
- Anal fissure
- Leukemia and malignant tumors
- Aplastic anemia
- Pathology of the hemostasis system:
- Hereditary and acquired thrombocytopathy
- Hereditary and acquired coagulopathies
- Thrombocytopenic purpura
- Bleeding during surgical operations for vascular injuries
- DIC syndrome
- Rupture of vascular aneurysms with bleeding into internal organs
- Bleeding from hemangiomas
- Acute liver failure
- Iatrogenic anemia (resulting from repeated multiple blood sampling for research).