Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Brachymetacarpia: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Brachimetacarpia is a congenital defect caused by a violation of the differentiation of the osteoarticular apparatus of the hand and is expressed in the shortening of metacarpal bones.

Brachioradial and radioulnar synostosis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Bronchial sinostosis (syndrome Keutel et al., 1970) is a congenital defect due to impaired differentiation of the osteoarticular apparatus of the arm and is characterized by a pronounced shortening of the upper limb, fusion of the humerus and curved radial bones (absence of the elbow joint), underdevelopment or absence of ulnar bone, one to four rays of the hand, a significant underdevelopment of the muscles.

Aplasia of the hand

Aplasia brush - the complete absence of hand rays with the presence on the affected side of only the bones of the wrist. With such developmental defects, only prosthetics is possible.

Brachydactyly: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Brachydactyly is a congenital malformation of the hand, in which, depending on the degree of severity, the underdevelopment or absence of middle phalanges, middle and main phalanges or middle, basic phalanges, and metacarpal bones are observed.

Congenital flexion-leading contracture of the 1st finger of the hand: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Congenital flexion-leading contracture of the first finger of the hand in overwhelming majority of cases is found in patients with congenital multiple or distal type of arthrogryposis. In this case, clinically observed flexion contracture in the metacarpophalangeal joint of the big toe and bringing the first ray to the palm, the soft tissue deficit along the palmar surface of the hand in the projection of the first interdigital and interstipar spaces.

Congenital hypoplasia of the first ray of the hand: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Congenital hypoplasia of the first ray of the hand is a developmental disorder characterized by underdevelopment of the tendon-muscular, osteoarticular apparatus of the finger of varying severity with progression of the defect in the teratological row of the defect from the proximal end of the ray to the distal one.

Congenital triphalangism of the 1st finger of the hand: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Congenital trephalangeism of the first finger of the hand is a developmental defect, in which the thumb (like the rest of the fingers of the hand) has three phalanges. The main features that allow differentiating different forms of this defect: the longitudinal dimensions of the first metacarpal bone and the location of its epiphyseal growth zone; the size and shape of the additional phalanx: the longitudinal dimensions of the first ray of the hand: the size of the first interstitial space: the state of the muscles of thenar, the function of the brush.

Congenital polydactyly: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Congenital polydactyly is a developmental disorder characterized by a quantitative increase in individual segments of the finger of the hand or the beam as a whole (the ray is all the phalanges of the finger and the corresponding metacarpal bone). Depending on the level of doubling, this anomaly is subdivided into polyphalange, polydactyly and doubling of the ray. Localized radial (or preaxial), central and ulnar (or postaxial) polydactyly.

Mirror brush, or ulnar dimelia: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

"Mirror Brush", or ulnar dimelia is a rare congenital anomaly that is characterized by a doubling of the ulna, lack of a radius and the first finger of the hand, an excessive number of fingers, usually symmetrically located relative to the midline. Usually visualize the restriction of movements in the elbow joint, rotational movements of the brush, as in these patients instead of the head of the radius in the elbow joint proximal part of the second ulnar bone participates.

Congenital clubhand: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Congenital slanting is a combined defect caused by underdevelopment of tissues along the radial or ulnar side of the upper limb. When the hand is diverted to the radial side, the diagnosis of radial armor is made (tanus valga), with the deviation to the opposite side - the elbow (manus vara).

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