Dicetel

Dicetel (pinaverium) is a drug used to treat functional digestive disorders such as dyspepsia (stomach upset) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It has an antispasmodic (relieving spasms) and carminative (helping to get rid of gases) effect on the digestive tract.

Dicetel is an antispasmodic drug that helps alleviate cramps and spasms in the intestines, which can lead to relief of pain and discomfort in patients with various gastrointestinal problems. It may also help reduce excess gas production in the intestines.

Dicetel is usually available in the form of tablets or capsules for oral administration. The dosage and regimen are usually prescribed by a doctor depending on the patient’s specific condition.

Like any medicine, Dicetel can cause side effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and rarely allergic reactions. It is important to use it only under the supervision of a physician and follow the dosage and administration recommendations.

Indications Dicetela

1. Dyspepsia: This is a condition characterized by a feeling of heaviness, discomfort, bloating or pain in the upper abdomen after eating. Dicetel may help alleviate these symptoms and improve stomach function.
2. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): This is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder accompanied by abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, bloating and discomfort. Dicetel may help reduce intestinal spasms and relieve symptoms of IBS.
3. Functional dyspepsia in pregnancy: Some pregnant women may experience dyspepsia due to changes in the body during pregnancy. Dicetel may be a safe and effective treatment for improving gastrointestinal comfort in such patients.
4. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Dicetel may sometimes be recommended for the symptomatic treatment of GERD, especially if symptoms are associated with severe esophageal spasms.
5. Other Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Dicetel may be used to relieve various other gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, gas, fullness and discomfort.

Release form

1. Tablets: Dicetel is usually available as an oral tablet. Tablets can have different dosages that depend on the specific medical purpose.
2. Capsules: This drug can also be presented in the form of capsules, which are also taken orally.
3. Solution: Some dosage forms may be available as an oral solution.

Pharmacodynamics

1. Myotropic effect: Pinaverium has a direct effect on the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. It blocks calcium channels and reduces the penetration of calcium into muscle cells, which leads to their relaxation. This reduces intestinal contractility and spasms, which can lead to relief of pain symptoms and improved intestinal motility.
2. Pain reduction: Dicetel is used to reduce pain symptoms associated with various gastrointestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome, cramping intestinal pain, colic, constipation and diarrhea.
3. Improving the functional activity of the gastrointestinal tract: In addition to reducing pain symptoms, pinaverium can also help improve the functional activity of the intestines, such as normalizing peristalsis and reducing the feeling of discomfort.
4. Low CNS Effects: Compared to some other antispasmodics, pinaverium does not generally cause drowsiness or effects on the central nervous system, making it safer to use without the risk of decreased alertness or decreased responsiveness.

Pharmacokinetics

1. Absorption: Pinaverium is usually well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Maximum plasma concentration is usually achieved 1-2 hours after administration.
2. Distribution: Pinaverium has a high affinity for gastrointestinal tissues, where it exerts its therapeutic effects. It can also cross the blood-brain barrier and has the ability to accumulate in the tissues of the nervous system.
3. Metabolism: Pinaverium undergoes metabolism in the liver to form active metabolites. One of the main metabolites is dihydropinaverium. Metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine.
4. Excretion: The half-life of pinaverium from the body is about 1-2 hours. About 70-80% of the dose is excreted through the kidneys, mainly in the form of metabolites.

Dosing and administration

Dicetel (pinaverium bromide) is usually used at a dosage of 50 mg three times daily to treat irritable bowel syndrome and other gastrointestinal spasms. The drug should be taken before meals for optimal effect. In a study conducted on patients with irritable bowel syndrome, pinaverium bromide at a dose of 50 mg three times daily showed significant effectiveness compared with placebo (Yalçın et al., 1992).

Use Dicetela during pregnancy

No information on the direct use of pinaverium bromide (Dicetel) during pregnancy was found in the available studies. However, it is important to consider the following aspects:

1. Pinaverium bromide is an antispasmodic agent that acts primarily in the gastrointestinal tract. It is used to treat symptoms of irritable bowel and other functional gastrointestinal disorders. Pinaverium bromide primarily remains in the digestive tract due to low systemic absorption and rapid elimination, potentially reducing its risks in pregnant women (Christen, 1990).
2. Safety during pregnancy has not been established due to the lack of direct data on the effects on pregnant women or the fetus. In this regard, the use of pinaverium bromide should be discussed with a doctor who can assess the balance of potential benefits and risks.
3. In general, if a medication is needed to manage serious symptoms that cannot be controlled by other, safer methods, and if its use is approved by the treating physician, it can be used with all precautions.

Due to a lack of specific data, it is strongly recommended that you consult with your doctor before using pinaverium bromide during pregnancy to ensure the safety and effectiveness of treatment.

Contraindications

1. Hypersensitivity to pinaverium: People with a known hypersensitivity to pinaverium or any of the components of the drug should avoid its use.
2. Paralytic ileus: Dicetel is contraindicated in cases of paralytic ileus (physical blockage or difficulty in the passage of contents through the intestines) due to the risk of increased symptoms and complications.
3. Myasthenia gravis: In patients with myasthenia gravis (a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by weakness and rapid muscle fatigue), Dicetel may increase myasthenic symptoms and is not recommended for use.
4. Ureteral or biliary colic: The use of Dicetel for ureteral or biliary colic may be undesirable due to the risk of complications.
5. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The use of Dicetel during pregnancy and breastfeeding should be discussed with your doctor, as data on its safety during these periods are limited.
6. Children's age: The use of Dicetel in children requires special caution and should be carried out under the supervision of a physician.
7. Use with other medications: Before using Dicetel in combination with other medications, you should consult your doctor to ensure there are no potential interactions.

Side effects Dicetela

1. Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Although pinaverium bromide is intended to relieve GI cramps and pain, in some cases it may cause mild abdominal discomfort, including bloating and nausea. These reactions are usually temporary and go away when you stop taking the drug.
2. Dizziness and increased blood pressure: Studies have reported cases of dizziness and slight increases in blood pressure in a small number of patients (Zheng et al., 2015).
3. Skin reactions: Very rarely, pinaverium bromide may cause allergic reactions such as skin rash. If such symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor immediately.
4. Negative effects on other body systems: Although pinaverium bromide usually acts locally in the gastrointestinal tract and is not absorbed into the systemic circulation, its effects on other systems are minimal.

Overdose

1. Increased unwanted effects such as dizziness, headache, nausea or vomiting.
2. Increased pain symptoms in the abdomen.
3. More serious side effects such as diarrhea or drowsiness may occur.

Interactions with other drugs

1. Central nervous system depressants: Dicetel may enhance the depressant effects on the central nervous system when taken concomitantly with other drugs such as benzodiazepines, alcohol, sedatives and antidepressants. This may lead to increased sedation and decreased reaction time.
2. Drugs that promote bowel movement: Because Dicetel is used to reduce the feeling of irritation in the intestines, its effect may be weakened by concomitant use of drugs that accelerate bowel movement, such as prokinetics.
3. Drugs that affect the pH of the gastrointestinal tract: Changes in the pH of the gastrointestinal tract may affect the absorption of Dicetel. Drugs that increase pH (such as antacids) may decrease its absorption, while drugs that lower pH (such as proton pumps or antacids) may increase its absorption.
4. Metabolized by the liver: Dicetel may affect the metabolism of other drugs by the liver, which may alter their effectiveness. For example, dosage adjustment may be required when taking drugs metabolized via cytochrome P450 enzymes concomitantly.

Storage conditions

1. Temperature: The drug should be stored at room temperature, usually between 15°C and 30°C.
2. Humidity: Store Dicetel in a dry place to avoid damage.
3. Packaging: Before use, make sure that the packaging of the drug is intact. If the packaging is damaged or expired, the drug should be disposed of in accordance with local rules and regulations.
4. Accessibility for children: Keep Dicetel out of the reach of children to prevent accidental use.