Caldrex Caps

Coldrex Caps is a combination drug that is widely used to relieve cold and flu symptoms. It contains the following active ingredients:

1. Paracetamol - has an antipyretic and analgesic effect, helps to reduce temperature and relieve pain such as headache or muscle pain.
2. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) - helps strengthen the immune system and promotes overall strengthening of the body, which can help fight viral infections.
3. Caffeine - stimulates the central nervous system, helps reduce fatigue and increase alertness, which is often necessary when sick.
4. Chlorphenamine hydromaleate is an antihistamine that helps reduce allergy symptoms, such as nasal congestion and sneezing, that often accompany colds.

Indications Caldrexa

1. Fever: Coldrex Caps helps to reduce body temperature when it is elevated.
2. Pain: The drug has analgesic properties and can help cope with muscle pain, headaches, sore throats and other types of pain that often accompany the flu and colds.
3. Runny and stuffy nose: Chlorphenamine hydromaleate contained in Coldrex Caps may help relieve runny and stuffy nose.
4. Allergic reactions: Chlorphenamine hydromaleate may also help relieve allergy symptoms such as itching, runny nose, and watery eyes.
5. Fatigue and drowsiness: The caffeine contained in the drug can help combat fatigue and increase alertness.
6. Immune Support: Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supports the immune system and helps the body fight infections.

Release form

Coldrex Caps usually comes in capsule form for oral administration.

Pharmacodynamics

1. Paracetamol: Is an analgesic (painkiller) and antipyretic (fever reducer). It works by blocking the production of prostaglandins in the central nervous system, which reduces pain and temperature during fever.
2. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C): Has antioxidant properties and strengthens the immune system. Vitamin C is involved in the formation of collagen, which promotes tissue healing and strengthens the vascular wall.
3. Caffeine: Has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system, which can help reduce fatigue and increase alertness. In some cases, caffeine can also enhance the analgesic effect of paracetamol.
4. Chlorphenamine Hydrogen Maleate: A derivative of promethazine that has antihistamine properties. It blocks the action of histamine, reducing allergic reactions and their associated symptoms such as itching, runny nose, and watery eyes.

Pharmacokinetics

1. Paracetamol:

   • Absorption: Paracetamol is usually completely and rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
   • Metabolism: Mainly metabolized in the liver, primarily by conjugation with glucuronic acid and sulfation.
   • Excretion: Excreted mainly by the kidneys in the form of conjugated metabolites, and also in small amounts in the urine unchanged.

2. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C):

   • Absorption: Well absorbed in the intestine.
   • Metabolism: Almost not metabolized in the body.
   • Excretion: Excreted mainly unchanged by the kidneys.

3. Caffeine:

   • Absorption: Rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
   • Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver to form active metabolites.
   • Excretion: Mainly through urine as metabolites.

4. Chlorphenamine hydromaleate:

   • Absorption: Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
   • Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver to form inactive metabolites.
   • Excretion: Excreted mainly in urine as metabolites.

Dosing and administration

Directions for use:

• Oral administration: Coldrex Caps are taken orally.
• Timing: It is best to take this medicine with or immediately after food to reduce the risk of stomach irritation.
• Chewing: Capsules should be swallowed whole, without chewing, with sufficient water.

Dosage:

The dosage of Coldrex Caps depends on the age and physical condition of the user:

• Adults and children over 12 years old:
  • It is generally recommended to take 2 capsules every 4-6 hours as needed.
  • Do not take more than 8 capsules in 24 hours.

Use Caldrexa during pregnancy

Using Coldrex Caps during pregnancy requires special caution because this medication contains a combination of several active ingredients, each of which may have different effects on the pregnant woman and the developing fetus.

Coldrex Caps ingredients and their effects during pregnancy:

1. Paracetamol:

   • Paracetamol is generally considered safe to use during pregnancy when taken in recommended doses. However, it is important to avoid long-term use or exceeding the recommended dose, as this can lead to liver damage and other unwanted effects.

2. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C):

   • Vitamin C in small doses is generally safe during pregnancy, but high doses can be potentially dangerous and cause problems such as premature birth.

3. Caffeine:

   • Caffeine should be consumed in moderation during pregnancy. It is recommended to limit caffeine intake to 200 mg per day, as excess caffeine intake may be associated with the risk of miscarriage and low birth weight in infants.

4. Chlorphenamine maleate:

   • It is an antihistamine that may cause drowsiness and other side effects, and its safety during pregnancy has not been fully established. Use of chlorphenamine during pregnancy may pose a potential risk to the fetus and should be avoided unless otherwise advised by your doctor.

General recommendations:

• Before taking Coldrex Caps or any other medication during pregnancy, be sure to talk to your doctor. Your doctor will help you evaluate the risks and benefits of using the medication based on your health and stage of pregnancy.
• It's important to consider alternative treatments for cold and flu symptoms that may be safer during pregnancy, such as humidifying the air, drinking plenty of fluids, and resting.
• If taking Coldrex Caps is necessary, you should strictly follow the recommended dosage and duration of use prescribed by your doctor.

Contraindications

1. Known individual intolerance: People with known individual intolerance to any of the components of the drug should avoid using it.
2. Hypersensitivity to acetaminophen (paracetamol): People who are hypersensitive or allergic to paracetamol should avoid taking the drug.
3. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Coldrex Caps should be taken during pregnancy and breastfeeding under the supervision of a physician and only in case of strict medical indications.
4. Liver disease: Since paracetamol is metabolized in the liver, in patients with liver disease such as cirrhosis or hepatitis, the use of Coldrex Caps may be contraindicated due to the risk of liver damage.
5. Cardiovascular diseases: The drug contains caffeine, which may affect the cardiovascular system. Therefore, it should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, arrhythmia, etc.
6. Hypertension: Since Coldrex Caps contains caffeine, which may increase blood pressure, it should be used with caution in patients with hypertension.
7. Kidney disease: Due to the presence of paracetamol, which can cause kidney damage if used excessively or for a long time, the use of the drug may be contraindicated in patients with kidney disease.

Side effects Caldrexa

1. Drowsiness or restlessness: The caffeine in the drug may cause restlessness or insomnia in some people. On the other hand, chlorphenamine hydromaleate may cause drowsiness.
2. Dry mouth: Chlorphenamine hydromaleate may cause dry mouth.
3. Increased heart rate: In some people, caffeine may cause increased heart rate or palpitations.
4. Gastrointestinal disorders: Paracetamol may cause stomach irritation in some people. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disturbances are also possible.
5. Allergic reactions: Some people may have allergic reactions to any of the ingredients in this medication, including rash, itching, or angioedema.
6. Blood Pressure Changes: Caffeine may cause changes in blood pressure in some people.
7. Other side effects: Other unusual reactions or side effects not listed here are possible.

Overdose

1. Paracetamol: Overdosing on paracetamol can cause severe liver damage, including liver failure, hepatitis and even liver necrosis. This can occur within the first 24 hours of taking the overdose, especially in people with liver disease or when combined with alcohol.
2. Ascorbic acid: Overdosing on vitamin C can cause diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and increased formation of oxalates in the urine, which can lead to kidney stones.
3. Caffeine: Caffeine overdose can cause insomnia, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, palpitations, high blood pressure, anxiety, agitation, restlessness, and in some cases even cardiac arrhythmia.
4. Chlorphenamine hydromaleate: Overdose of this antihistamine may cause drowsiness, dizziness, gastrointestinal upset, rapid heartbeat, seizures and, in rare cases, hallucinations.

Interactions with other drugs

1. Alcohol: Caffeine can increase the stimulating effects of alcohol, and alcohol can increase the risk of paracetamol side effects on the liver.
2. Medicines containing paracetamol: Concomitant use with other medicines containing paracetamol may lead to a risk of overdose and increased stress on the liver.
3. Products containing ascorbic acid (vitamin C): Interactions with other products containing ascorbic acid are usually minor, but taking large doses of vitamin C may increase the risk of kidney stones.
4. Caffeine-containing drugs: Concomitant use with other caffeine-containing drugs may enhance the stimulating effect of caffeine and lead to high blood pressure, anxiety and insomnia.
5. Drugs that cause sedation: Chlorphenamine hydromaleate contained in the drug may enhance the sedative effect of other drugs such as sleeping pills, antidepressants and antihistamines.
6. Drugs affecting kidney and liver function: Paracetamol is metabolized in the liver, so drugs that affect liver function (eg, cytochrome P450 inhibitors) may alter its metabolism and increase its toxic effects. Caffeine may also affect kidney function by causing diuresis and increasing the excretion of water and electrolytes.