Coal in case of poisoning

A universal sorbent used to cleanse the body in case of poisoning and various intoxications is coal. Consider its properties, mechanism and spectrum of action.

Poisoning is a problem faced by both adults and children. In order to cope with the painful condition, special preparations are used - adsorbents. For these purposes, activated charcoal is most often used as the most affordable and effective drug.

• Activated carbon is made from coke. Coal is oil, stone, wood.
• A natural remedy draws in toxic substances and prevents their absorption from the intestines into the blood.
• The drug prevents the development of severe and life-threatening intoxication. At the same time, coal is not absorbed by the body and is excreted naturally with feces.

Taking adsorbing drugs is not effective for all types of poisoning. Adsorbents work only in the intestines, so if toxic substances penetrate through the respiratory tract or blood, they will not be effective. That is, coal is not able to remove toxins from the blood.

Can coal be poisoned?

Activated charcoal is a natural product made from carbonaceous materials. The drug acts as a sorbent, absorbing toxins, harmful substances and removes them from the body.

Useful properties of the drug:

• Helps with poisoning.
• Cleanses the body of toxins.
• Used for chronic diseases.
• Effective in the fight against excess weight.
• Neutralizes the effect of alcohol and fatty foods on the body.
• Helps prevent alcohol intoxication.
• It is used for heaviness in the stomach and diarrhea.

The method of application of the drug depends on its form of release. Coal is available in the form of tablets and powder. The dosage is calculated individually for each patient according to the formula 1 tablet per 10 kg of the patient's body weight.

Indications Activated charcoal for poisoning

Due to the natural composition and pronounced adsorbing properties, activated carbon has the following indications for use:

• Acute food poisoning.
• Alcohol intoxication.
• Poisoning by caffeine, nicotine, morphine.
• Violations of the functions of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Various infectious diseases.
• Increased stomach acid and spasms.
• Dysentery.
• Salmonellosis.
• Botulism.
• Flatulence.

The sorbent promotes the removal of harmful substances that have entered the stomach and intestines. Charcoal microparticles bind toxins that are formed during intoxication, with salmonellosis or botulism. This allows you to quickly get rid of the infection. Since the drug has disinfectant properties, it is advisable to use it for dysentery.

The duration of the drug depends on the severity of the poisoning or disease and the individual characteristics of the patient's body.

Release form

In addition to the usual tablets, coal has several more forms of release:

• Powder
• Capsules
• Granules
• Paste

The choice of the form of the drug depends on the degree of intoxication of the body and the age of the patient. The dosage is calculated individually for each patient.

So, coal is taken 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight, as for paste, granules and powder, the doses depend on the age and severity of painful symptoms. Suspensions and solutions are prepared on the basis of powder and granules, capsules and paste are taken orally without diluting in water.

White coal in case of poisoning

One of the varieties of sorbents is white coal. When poisoned, it is not inferior to black in its effectiveness. Charcoal is a porous substance obtained from carbon-containing materials of natural origin (wood, coconut shell, fruit pits).

Since white coal does not exist in nature, this name of the drug implies a sorbent of silicate origin. The active ingredient of the drug is silicon dioxide (silica). The tool is used for detoxification. Binds toxic compounds of endogenous and exogenous origin in intoxications of various origins.

• Indications for use: food and industrial poisoning, alcohol intoxication, violation of the diet. Entry into the body of a large number of toxic substances and poisons. Drug overdose, allergic reactions. Auxiliary therapy for infectious diseases.
• Method of application: for adults, 2-4 capsules three times a day, for children 7-14 years old, 1-2 capsules 3 times a day, for children under 7 years old, the drug is given only for medical purposes. The maximum daily dosage is 8 capsules, the duration of treatment is 3-15 days.
• Side effects: impaired intestinal motility, constipation, impaired absorption of useful substances in the intestinal lumen. The development of hypovitaminosis, dyslipedemia, hypoproteinemia and other conditions requiring medical attention.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, ulcerative and erosive lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and duodenum in the acute stage, gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction.
• Overdose: dyspeptic disorders (nausea, constipation, flatulence). Treatment is symptomatic with dose adjustment.

Release form: capsules for oral administration of 250 mg of granular activated carbon. Produced in packs of 2 blister, each blister contains 10 capsules.

Black coal for poisoning

The drug is a specially processed coal of animal or vegetable origin. It has significant surface activity. Absorbs gases, toxins and other substances poisoning the body.

• Indications for use: digestive disorders, accumulation of gases in the intestines, food intoxication, poisoning with alkaloids, salts of heavy metals.
• Method of application: 1-3 tablets 3-4 times a day. The powder is taken in 20-30 g per dose in the form of a suspension in water. The solution can be used for gastric lavage.
• Side effects: violation of the stool, depletion of the body in vitamins, proteins, hormones, fats.
• Contraindications: ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, gastric bleeding. Since the drug has pronounced adsorption properties, this reduces the effectiveness of the drugs taken. Charcoal can also turn feces black.

Release form: tablets of 10 pieces in a blister, powder for oral solution.

Pharmacodynamics

Coal is included in the pharmacological group of sorbents. According to studies, the drug easily absorbs many substances that poison the body:

• Animal and plant toxins.
• Alcoholic toxins.
• Alkaloids.
• Salts of heavy metals.
• Hydrocyanic acid.
• Substances with psychotropic properties.
• Narcotic substances.

Pharmacodynamics of coal indicates that its single use promotes the absorption of toxic and irritating substances, reduces their absorption from the digestive tract. Prolonged use of the drug leads to the diffusion of toxins from the blood into the digestive tract and prevents reabsorption, disrupts the enterohepatic circulation.

How does charcoal work in case of poisoning?

Activated charcoal is a natural medicine that is obtained from peat or charcoal. The drug has a porous structure, which has pronounced adsorbing properties. Microvoids in the structure of matter draw in toxins.

Due to its adsorbing properties, coal is effective in infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. With such disorders, there is an active reproduction of pathogens that release toxins. Coal binds toxic substances and removes from the body, alleviating painful symptoms. At the same time, coal is not absorbed, therefore it is excreted from the body along with feces.

Pharmacokinetics

Coal is a porous substance with a developed inner surface. Due to its adsorbing properties, the drug absorbs molecules of various substances from gas and liquid, holds them on its surface and removes them from the body. That is, the drug is not absorbed, and its elimination occurs unchanged with feces.

If, during intoxication of the body, harmful substances enter the bloodstream, then the drug is prescribed for hemosorption, that is, blood purification outside the body. In acute intoxications, the drug acts directly in the gastrointestinal tract. That is, coal is not able to eliminate poisoning from the circulatory or respiratory system.

Dosing and administration

From the form of release of the drug, indications for its use (severity of poisoning, etiology) and the individual characteristics of the patient's body, the dosage of the drug and the method of its application depend.

Charcoal tablets are taken orally at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of the patient's weight. In especially severe cases, tablets can be used to wash the stomach. To do this, coal is crushed and dissolved in water. Granules, powder and paste are also taken orally. An aqueous suspension is prepared from granules and powder, and the paste is consumed with water.

How and how much to drink coal in case of poisoning?

In order for the drug to produce the necessary adsorbing effect, it is necessary to choose the correct dosage and adhere to the duration of therapy recommended by the doctor. The dosage is calculated based on the body weight of the patient.

If activated carbon tablets are used for poisoning, then 1 tablet is taken for every 10 kg of weight. For example, if the patient weighs 70 kg, then for effective adsorption of toxins and other harmful substances, you should drink 7 tablets of coal at a time.

As for the duration of therapy, it should not exceed 7-10 days, as there is a risk of drug overdose and adverse reactions. Also, when taking the adsorbent, it should be borne in mind that the period of its removal takes 5-7 hours.

Activated charcoal per kg of weight in case of poisoning

For the rapid removal of harmful substances from the gastrointestinal tract in case of poisoning, it is recommended to take adsorbents. Activated charcoal is a natural sorbent that effectively fights signs of intoxication and removes harmful substances from the body.

The dosage of the drug for oral administration is calculated according to the following formula: 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight. If coal is used for gastric lavage, then 10 tablets are taken for each lavage, that is, 1 blister of the drug. Tablets are thoroughly ground into powder and dissolved in water. The maximum duration of therapy is 10 days.

How often to drink coal in case of poisoning?

The standard dosage of activated charcoal for poisoning is 1 tablet for every 10 kilograms of body weight. The sorbent is recommended to be taken twice a day, that is, in the morning and before bedtime. In this case, coal should not be drunk at the same time as food or other medications. Due to the pronounced sorption properties of the drug, a time interval of 2-2.5 hours should be observed.

• The medicine should not be taken longer than 10 days.
• Frequent use of charcoal can cause constipation and cause chronic overdose.
• If the drug is used as a first aid for acute intoxication, then it is better to take it in the form of a solution for gastric lavage to induce vomiting.

After eliminating the poisoning, foods saturated with live bacteria should be introduced into the diet to restore the intestinal microflora. It is recommended to consume more vitamins, fruits, vegetables, dairy products.

Activated charcoal for alcohol poisoning

Natural carbon sorbent effectively copes with various intoxications. Activated carbon absorbs various toxins, gases, alkaloids. The drug helps not only with food, but also with alcohol poisoning.

The dosage of the medicine depends on the weight of the patient, for every 10 kg it is necessary to take 1 tablet of coal. Also, the drug helps to prevent alcohol intoxication. In this case, the drug is taken before the feast. The maximum daily dosage of the sorbent is 30 tablets.

Coal for food poisoning

Porous carbon sorbent is most often used for food poisoning, which is accompanied by nausea and vomiting, diarrhea. Intoxication occurs due to the consumption of low-quality foods. In this case, coal absorbs toxins, poisons and other harmful substances that have entered the digestive tract with food.

In acute food intoxication, coal is best used for gastric lavage. To do this, 10 tablets of the drug are carefully crushed and dissolved in water. The procedure is carried out until the fluid leaving the body is completely clean.

If the symptoms of food poisoning do not go away after taking the medication, then you should immediately seek medical help. The sooner therapeutic measures are taken, the less the consequences of intoxication of the body.

Activated charcoal for poisoning children

The porous carbon sorbent is approved for use in the treatment of poisoning in pediatric patients. The medicine is effective not only for intoxication, but also for various infectious diseases, lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Recommendations for the use of activated charcoal in case of poisoning in children:

• The drug is given orally in tablets or as an aqueous suspension. The dosage depends on the age of the baby, and the duration of use depends on the severity of the painful symptoms and the etiology of intoxication.
• For children under 1 year old, give 1-2 tablets of the drug (the tablets are crushed and mixed with water). For babies up to 3 years old, 2-4 tablets per day, for children 3-6 years old, 4-6 tablets. The dosage for patients older than 10 years depends on the body weight of the child.
• If the child has signs of acute poisoning, then the first thing to do is to wash the stomach. For washing, a solution of coal is suitable (crushed tablets are poured with water and stirred until completely dissolved).
• If the child has digestive disorders, flatulence, then the medicine is taken 3-4 times a day, and the duration of the course of treatment can reach 7 days.
• When treating young children, it is better to use granules, paste or powder form preparation (for the preparation of an aqueous suspension).
• The drug should be taken two hours after eating or taking other medicines. This is due to the fact that the sorbent interacts with drugs, reducing their absorption and the effectiveness of the therapy.

If, after taking the drug, there is no improvement in the child's well-being, then you should immediately seek medical help.

Use Activated charcoal for poisoning during pregnancy

Activated charcoal is allowed to be used to treat poisoning during pregnancy. The drug binds toxic substances and does not allow them to be absorbed into the systemic circulation. Thanks to this, toxins do not enter the baby through the placenta and do not affect the process of its development.

The principle of operation of the drug is based on the adsorption of poisons, toxins, decay products of vital activity from the digestive tract. The drug helps with increased gas formation, diarrhea and colic in pregnant women, heartburn.

Activated charcoal does not irritate the intestinal mucosa and is excreted from the body along with feces. The withdrawal period takes 5-7 hours. Dosage for pregnant women depends on the form of release of the drug. If these are tablets, then the dose is taken at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight.

Contraindications

Despite the fact that coal is a natural and safe drug, it has a number of contraindications that should be considered before using it:

• Allergic reactions to the drug.
• Gastric ulcer.
• Duodenal ulcer.
• Erosion of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Tendency to bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.

In the presence of the above contraindications, you should choose another equally effective adsorbent that will help with poisoning.

Side effects Activated charcoal for poisoning

Adverse reactions occur when the drug is abused and are manifested by the following symptoms:

• Lowering blood pressure.
• Dysbacteriosis.
• Feeling of fullness in the intestines.
• An increase in body temperature to subfebrile values.
• Nausea.
• Constipation.

To eliminate unpleasant symptoms, you should stop taking the drug and conduct symptomatic therapy. If the side effects do not go away within 30 minutes, then you should seek medical help, as this indicates the progression of intoxication.

Overdose

Abuse of the universal sorbent, like any other drug, can cause the development of unpleasant symptoms. An overdose of activated charcoal is of two types:

1. Acute - a large number of tablets are taken at a time. Most often this happens when the patient takes the drug without calculating its dosage based on its own weight.
2. Chronic is the daily use of the drug for a long period of time. This problem is most often encountered by people who use the sorbent for "prophylactic" purposes or in an attempt to lose weight.

Overdose is characterized by the following symptoms:

• Dysbacteriosis due to the removal of beneficial enzymes from the body. Food begins to ferment in the digestive tract, releasing a large amount of gas. This is manifested by flatulence and diarrhea.
• Decreased general immunity - a person is faced with frequent severe infectious diseases.
• Diseases of the cardiovascular system - develop due to the leaching of beneficial trace elements from the body. Against this background, there is tachycardia, pain in the heart and general weakness.

Also, an overdose is characterized by persistent diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, headaches, general weakness, black stool staining. But since activated charcoal is not absorbed into the systemic circulation, symptomatic therapy should be carried out to eliminate signs of an overdose:

• Gastric lavage with clean water.
• Cleansing enema based on warm water or chamomile decoction.
• Complete rest and bed rest.
• Plentiful drink.

If the patient has a chronic overdose, then it is recommended to take immunostimulating drugs, vitamins and minerals. In acute charcoal poisoning, the condition returns to normal within 2-3 days, the recovery period after chronic overdose is longer.

Interactions with other drugs

The porous carbon sorbent, when interacting with other drugs taken orally, reduces their effectiveness. Coal adsorbs part of the active components of medicines, which reduces their therapeutic properties. Also, the sorbent reduces the activity of intragastrically active substances.

Storage conditions

The medicinal product should be stored in its original packaging. The storage location must be protected from sunlight, excessive humidity/dryness and children. If the drug is stored in the open air, this will lead to a decrease in its sorption capacity.

Shelf life

All forms of activated charcoal can be used within their expiration date (listed on the package). At the expiration date, the drug loses its pharmacological properties, so it should be disposed of.

Reviews

According to numerous reviews, activated charcoal effectively helps against poisoning. The drug acts with food intoxication, poisoning with drugs and other drugs, toxins. Timely intake of coal can reduce the severity of painful symptoms and remove toxic substances from the body.

What is better than activated charcoal for poisoning?

If for some reason the intake of activated charcoal is contraindicated, then an equally effective drug with sorption properties can be selected.

1. Atoxil

IV generation enterosorbent with pronounced sorption properties. It has an antimicrobial, wound healing, antiallergic, detoxifying and bacteriostatic effect. The active ingredient of the drug is silicon dioxide. The active substance adsorbs various toxic substances on its surface and removes them from the body.

• Indications for use: acute intestinal diseases with diarrhea, food poisoning, complex therapy of viral hepatitis B and hepatitis A. Allergic diseases, food poisoning, burns, trophic ulcers and purulent wounds. Detoxification agent for kidney damage with signs of CNP, enterocolitis, toxic hepatitis, alcohol intoxication.
• The method of application and dosage depend on the form of release of the drug. The powder product is diluted with water to a volume of 250 ml, mixed thoroughly and drunk. The recommended daily dosage for patients older than 7 years and adults is 12 g of Atoxil.
• Side effects: isolated cases were recorded when the drug caused defecation disorders, constipation. The drug does not provoke symptoms of an overdose.
• Contraindications: exacerbation of peptic ulcer of the duodenum and stomach, hypersensitivity to silicon dioxide, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the mucous membrane of the large and small intestines. Not applicable to the treatment of patients younger than 1 year.

Release form: powder for suspension in vials of 12 and 10 g, 2 g sachet, 20 pcs. Packaged.

2. Carbolong

A drug with enterosorbent, antidiarrheal and detoxification properties. Refers to the pharmacological group of polyvalent antidotes with increased surface activity. Adsorbs poisons and toxic substances from the gastrointestinal tract before they are absorbed. The drug is effective in case of poisoning with alkaloids, glycosides, barbiturates, hypnotics, salts of heavy metals, toxins of bacterial, plant and animal origin.

• Indications for use: detoxification in case of exogenous and endogenous intoxications. Dyspepsia, processes of putrefaction, fermentation, flatulence. Food poisoning, dysentery, kidney failure, poisoning with chemical compounds and drugs. Intoxication in cancer patients during chemotherapy or radiation treatment.
• Method of application: orally in the form of an aqueous suspension or in tablets 1-2 hours before or after a meal. The average dosage is 100-200 mg / kg per day, divided into three doses. The duration of therapy is 3-14 days. In acute poisoning, gastric lavage is performed before taking the drug.
• Side effects: dyspeptic disorders, constipation, diarrhea. With prolonged use, there is a risk of developing hypovitaminosis, a decrease in the absorption of nutrients and hormones from the gastrointestinal tract. Cases of overdose have not been recorded.
• Contraindications: individual intolerance to the components of the drug, ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract. It is prescribed with caution during pregnancy and lactation.

Release form: granules, capsules and powder for oral suspension, tablets for oral administration.

3. Lactofiltrum

Sorbent of plant origin. It is used to normalize the intestinal microflora and detoxify the body. It has immunomodulatory properties and contains two active ingredients: prebiotic lactulose and natural enterosorbent - lignin.

• Indications for use: poisoning and intoxication with various substances, intoxication in infectious and viral diseases (accelerates the excretion of waste products of viruses and bacteria). Restoration of normal intestinal microflora. Complex therapy of irritable bowel syndrome, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, allergic diseases. The drug is prescribed for various digestive disorders caused by dysbacteriosis, flatulence, bloating, stool disorders, epigastric pain.
• Method of application: inside, an hour before meals or taking other medications. For children 1-3 years old, ½ tablet is prescribed 3 times a day, for children 3-7 years old, 1 tablet 3 times a day. For patients 8-12 years old, 1-2 tablets, for children over 12 years old and adults, 2-3 tablets 3 times a day. The duration of treatment is 2-3 weeks.
• Side effects: allergic reactions to the components of the drug, flatulence, diarrhea.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, galactosemia, intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal atony, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute stage.
• Overdose: abdominal pain, constipation. For treatment, drug withdrawal is indicated.

Release form: tablets in a contour package of 10 pcs., in jars of 30 and 60 pcs., in polymer bottles of 30 and 60 pcs.

4. Multisorb

The composition of the drug includes biopolymer components in an activated state. They interact with intestinal contents, realizing a therapeutic effect. The active ingredients of the drug act as sorbents for exotoxic substances and metabolic waste. The pronounced sorbent properties of the drug make it an effective detoxifier.

• Indications for use: alcohol intoxication and poisoning of another origin, constipation, hepatitis, toxicosis in pregnant women, cirrhosis, allergic reactions. Toxicosis on the background of drug therapy. Also, the drug is prescribed for diabetes mellitus, chronic gastroenterocolitis, acute intestinal infection, purulent-inflammatory and other pathologies.
• Method of application: inside, washing down with a sufficient amount of clean water. If the drinking regime is not followed, there is a risk of constipation, which reduces the overall therapeutic effect of the treatment. The dosage and duration of therapy are determined by the attending physician. On average, for children 1-5 years old, 0.5 packets are prescribed, 1-3 times a day. For patients aged 6-12 years, 1-2 sachets per day. For children from 12 years old and adults, 1-3 packets, 1-3 times a day. The course of treatment consists of 23-45 packages.
• Side effects: diarrhea, colic, flatulence. Such symptoms are not a reason for discontinuation of the drug.
• Contraindications: bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, acute pancreatitis, calculous cholecystitis. With extreme caution is prescribed for constipation.
• Overdose: constipation when therapeutic doses are exceeded, severe flatulence, pain in the epigastric region.

Release form: powder in bags of 3 g, 20 sachets per pack.

5. Polysorb

A drug with sorption properties. It adsorbs and removes exogenous and endogenous toxins, food and bacterial allergens, endotoxins from the body. Binds food and bacterial allergens and microbial endotoxins formed during the breakdown of proteins in the intestine.

• Indications for use: acute intestinal diseases with diarrheal syndrome, food poisoning, salmonellosis. Complex therapy of viral hepatitis A and B.
• Method of application: in the form of oral suspension. For its preparation, the powder of the drug is diluted in non-carbonated purified water. The suspension is taken one hour before meals or other medications. The dosage and duration of treatment depends on the severity of the disease state.
• Side effects: hypersensitivity reactions, constipation.
• Contraindications: individual intolerance to the components of the drug, patients under 1 year old, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. Ulcerative and erosive lesions of the mucous membranes of the small and large intestines, intestinal obstruction.

Release form: powder for the preparation of a suspension of 12/24 g in vials of 250/500 ml.

Activated charcoal analogues for poisoning

To date, there are many drugs on the pharmaceutical market that help with various poisonings of the body and are not inferior in their effectiveness to activated charcoal.

1. Polyphepan

A highly absorbent drug. When taken orally, it absorbs bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.

• Indications for use: diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of infectious and non-infectious etiology with diarrhea, flatulence and general intoxication of the body. Complex therapy of severe forms of infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, addition to antibiotic therapy.
• Method of application: inside before meals, 1 tablespoon of granules or paste. The medicine is taken 3-4 times a day, the duration of therapy is 5-7 days.
• Side effects: general weakness, feeling of heaviness in the epigastric region, constipation.

Presentation: granules with 50% polyphepan, water-based paste with 40% polyphepan.

2. Filtrum-STI

A drug with an active ingredient is a product of processing the polymer component of wood by hydrolysis. It has a high sorption capacity, has a non-specific detoxification effect.

• Indications for use: acute intoxication with chemicals, food allergies, hypersensitivity reactions to mild drugs. Prevention of chronic intoxication, dyspepsia, dysentery, salmonellosis, purulent-inflammatory pathologies with intoxication, hyperbilirubinemia.
• Method of application: tablets are crushed and taken without food, drinking plenty of water. Multiplicity of application 3-4 times a day. A single dosage depends on the age of the patient and the severity of the disease state. The course of treatment for acute conditions - up to 5 days, for chronic allergic and intoxication processes - 2-3 weeks.
• Side effects: skin allergic reactions, constipation, malabsorption of calcium, vitamins.
• Contraindications: intestinal atony, hypersensitivity to lignin, PVP, calcium stearate. It is not prescribed for intestinal atony, for pregnant women and women who are breastfeeding.
• Overdose: intestinal irritation, flatulence, constipation.

Release form: tablets for oral administration, 10, 30, 50, 60 and 100 pieces per pack.

3. Enterosgel

The composition of the drug includes the active substance methylsilicic acid in the form of a hydrogel. Refers to the pharmacological group of enterosorbents. When taken orally, it has a detoxifying effect.

• Indications for use: intoxication of various etiologies, food and drug allergies, infectious-allergic and atopic bronchial asthma, chronic renal failure, infectious-toxic liver damage, cholestasis. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, diarrhea and dyspepsia of non-infectious origin, skin diseases. Complex treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis.
• Method of application: orally, a single dose of 1 tbsp. L. For adults and 1 tsp. For children. The medicine is taken 3 times a day, the duration of therapy depends on the severity of the disease state and the etiology of the poisoning of the body.
• Side effects: constipation. To normalize the stool, a cleansing enema is indicated. Cases of overdose and adverse reactions have not been identified.
• Contraindications: acute intestinal obstruction.

Release form: paste for oral administration in packs of 135, 270 and 405 g.

4. Enterosorbent SKN

A highly absorbent drug. Adsorbs alkaloids, glycosides, barbiturates, salts of heavy metals, toxins and other substances.

• Indications for use: digestive disorders, flatulence, food intoxication, poisoning with alkaloids, salts of heavy metals.
• Method of application: orally 10 g 3 times a day between meals. Dosage for children 5-7.5 g. Duration of treatment 3-15 days.
• Side effects: diarrhea, constipation, development of deficiency of vitamins, hormones, fats and proteins in the body.
• Contraindications: ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, gastric bleeding. The drug is able to reduce the effectiveness of drugs, and also stains feces black.

Release form: sachets of 10 g.

5. Polifan

Enterosorbent preparation, which includes products of lignin hydrolysis. It has a pronounced sorbent effect, binds and naturally removes various compounds and substances from the body (heavy metal salts, pathogenic bacteria, toxins, food allergens, poisons). Reduces the level of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract of certain metabolic products: bilirubin, cholesterol, urea, potentially toxic metabolic products.

• Indications for use: toxicosis of various origins, intoxication of endogenous and exogenous genesis. Polyfan is effective in acute poisoning with alkaloids, drugs, alcohol, heavy metal compounds and other toxins. Helps with food poisoning, dyspepsia, purulent-inflammatory diseases of various origins with severe intoxication. Powder Polifan accelerates the excretion of xenobiotics from the body.
• How to use: orally one hour before meals or medications. The suspension is prepared immediately before use by adding 50-100 ml of liquid to the powder. The scheme of taking the medication and its dosage is determined by the attending physician.
• Side effects: stool disorders, hypersensitivity reactions. With prolonged use of the drug, there is a risk of developing metabolic disorders, reducing absorption and developing a deficiency of vitamins, macronutrients and nutrients.
• Contraindications: individual intolerance to the components of the drug, acute form and recurrence of peptic ulcer, anacid gastritis, intestinal atony.
• Overdose: allergic reactions, constipation, increased adverse reactions.

Release form: powder for oral administration of 100 and 500 g in bags.

Coal or smectite in case of poisoning

Smecta is a drug from the pharmacotherapeutic group of antidiarrheal drugs. It has an adsorbing effect. The active ingredients stabilize the mucosal barrier of the gastrointestinal tract, which promotes the formation of polyvalent bonds with mucus glycoproteins and improves its cytoprotective properties.

• Indications for use: acute and chronic diarrhea of allergic or medicinal origin, with violations of the diet. Diarrhea of infectious origin. Symptomatic therapy of bloating and discomfort in the abdomen, heartburn and other dyspeptic disorders.
• Method of application: adults are prescribed 6 sachets per day, for children under 1 year old, 2 sachets per day for 3 days, and for babies over 1 year old, 4 sachets for 3 days. The duration of treatment is 3-7 days. The contents of the sachet are dissolved in ½ cup of water and mixed thoroughly. The dosage prescribed by the doctor is divided into three doses during the day.
• Side effects: constipation (pass after dose adjustment), allergic reactions (itching, urticaria, Quincke's edema, rash). Overdose has similar symptoms.
• Contraindications: intestinal obstruction, fructose intolerance, hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Coal in case of poisoning, like Smecta, refers to natural sorbent substances. Both drugs are effective for various types of intoxication and its accompanying symptoms. Before taking the drug, you should consult with your doctor, who will select a therapeutically effective dosage and determine the duration of treatment.