Coagulogram

Coagulogram is a type of blood test. It is conducted solely for the purpose of studying the ability of clotting.

This is a very urgent issue for today. After all, there are people who have poor blood coagulation or the blood can not stop at all. All this can lead to death. True, cases with the presence of poor coagulability are single, but, nevertheless, they are available.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5],

Preparing for a coagulogram

Preparation for a coagulogram does not require special time. The fact is that the procedure is performed in the morning on an empty stomach. It is desirable that the last meal was taken at least 8 hours. During this period you are allowed to drink water.

If a person takes medications that can affect the coagulability of the blood, it is necessary to inform the treating doctor about it. Otherwise, the analysis may not be reliable and, moreover, significantly harm the person.

There is no need to observe any other training measures. It is important simply not to eat before the procedure and do not take special medications. This will get really correct and reliable results.

Coagulogram is a procedure that every person can need. Therefore, it is desirable to conduct it correctly and take it with full responsibility. From its result, a lot can depend, especially if the date of birth or surgery is approaching. A coagulogram is conducted in almost every clinic.

Can I eat before a coagulogram?

Many people are interested in the question, is it possible to eat before the coagulogram? This procedure is performed only on an empty stomach. Therefore, any meal is prohibited. The only thing that is allowed is just to drink water.

It is advisable that no less than 8 hours pass since the last meal. The fact is that the procedure is serious and thanks to it you can determine the properties of the blood. Auxiliary components, including sugar, which is in food can significantly worsen the result. That's why it's not recommended to eat.

In addition, if a person takes any medications, you should tell the doctor about it. After all, many medications can affect the coagulability of the blood. It is desirable to immediately specify all the nuances in order for the procedure to go right and give qualitative results.

As for drinks, it should be exclusively water. Coffee and tea are banned. A coagulogram is performed on an empty stomach in the morning hours.

[6], [7], [8], [9], [10]

How do I take a coagulogram?

Do you know how to take a coagulogram? Before you go to this procedure, you should refrain from eating. It is desirable that the gap is not less than 8-12 hours.

You can not drink coffee, tea, juice and alcoholic beverages. If you really want to eat, it's better to drink ordinary water. After the procedure, a person can take any food. Before the analysis itself, it is desirable to provide a complete list of medications that are taken and used in the last 2-3 days.

At the moment of surrender, it is necessary that a person be completely calm, not nervous or worried. The fact is that ordinary muscle tension can significantly affect the results. In order to obtain more accurate parameters, you must drink a glass of cool water before the analysis. The procedure is painless and is performed fairly quickly. Coagulogram is a mandatory analysis, which must be done before childbirth or surgery.

How correctly to hand over a coagulogram?

Not many know how to take a coagulogram correctly. In fact, the procedure is similar to taking blood from a finger, but it's not so simple. The fact is that before you go to the test, it is not recommended to eat. It is desirable that from the time of the last meal took at least 8-12 hours. This will get really accurate results. Many elements found in food can worsen the "reliability" of information.

If you want to eat, it's better just to drink water and be patient. That's why the procedure is carried out in the morning. As soon as a person wakes up, he immediately needs to visit a polyclinic.

The procedure itself is painless and carried out rather quickly. The main thing is not to eat or drink some drinks, in this case it will turn out to achieve the exact result. Coagulogram is mandatory if in the near future a person will have to lose a small amount of blood as a result of labor or surgical intervention.

Coagulogram in pregnancy

Coagulation during pregnancy is very interesting. Because many indicators are much higher or lower than normal. This is mainly due to hormonal changes in the body and the presence of any chronic diseases.

But in spite of the fact that the result can fluctuate significantly, there are certain indicators from which it is worth starting. So, they should be in such ranges: APTTV - 25-37 sec; Fibrinogen - 2 - 4 g / l; Lupus anticoagulant - should be absent; Platelets - 131-402 thousand / mkl; Prothrombin - 78-142%; Thrombin time is 10-17 seconds; D-dimer - 33-726 ng / ml; Antithrombin III - 83-128%.

It is necessary to understand that a coagulogram during pregnancy is very important. This allows you to determine how much labor will be safe for a woman. The fact is that at the time of procreation a small amount of blood is lost and this factor depends on the coagulability. Deviations of some indices can indicate the detachment of the placenta, and this process can begin much earlier. Therefore, the coagulogram should be constantly carried out, this will support the body.

[11], [12]

Coagulogram in the planning of pregnancy

Coagulogram in the planning of pregnancy is important, because the flow of the process depends on it, in general. Some indicators throughout the entire period of gestation can vary and this is quite normal.

But, despite this, a decrease or increase in the level of elements may indicate the presence of deviations. Normal indicators are very important. After all during childbirth a woman loses a small amount of blood. In this matter, much depends on how quickly it turns off.

It should be understood that increased coagulation activity can lead to placental abruption and cause severe bleeding. Naturally, there is a risk of developing blood clots in the placental vessels, which subsequently leads to hypoxia of the fetus. Therefore, studies of coagulograms during pregnancy planning and during child-bearing are important. This will avoid many problems and save the baby. The coagulogram should be carried out constantly, it will allow to watch changes in coagulability of blood.

[13], [14], [15]

Coagulogram during menstruation

Coagulogram during menstruation is not capable of giving clear results. The fact is that during this period the blood is diluted and it is not possible to test its abilities regarding clotting. Therefore, for the procedure it is desirable to wait for the end of the critical days, but also not to take the analysis immediately.

Naturally, the exact question can be clarified only by the doctor. He will give some recommendations and advise when it is better to seek help and conduct the necessary analysis. In general, during the monthly procedure is not carried out.

The organism in this period is interested in removing excess blood from the uterus, so the coagulation is somehow broken. After critical days, everything comes to a full rate, and a woman can easily take tests. Again, before the most menstrual procedure is also not worth it, the body is preparing for the withdrawal process and the blood is gradually diluted. Coagulogram in this case will be unreliable and it will have to go through again.

[16], [17], [18], [19]

Coagulogram in children

Coagulogram in children determines the possibility of blood with respect to the process of coagulation. This is mainly done with suspicion of hemophilia. Children do not do this analysis so often. It is necessary only before surgery, especially if it is serious.

However, in many cases, for the help to this research are used even when cutting adenoids or glands. This is done for the purpose of self-calming and confirming the fact that the blood of the child is beautifully curtailed.

The fact is that even a minor intervention can lead to serious bleeding. Stop that will not be so easy and the child can lose a lot of blood. With elevated rates, it is not recommended to conduct an operative intervention. This can lead to blockage of blood vessels, which is extremely unacceptable and can lead to serious health problems. Quite often the coagulogram is administered to children if there is a suspicion of a blood pathology.

[20]

Coagulogram in newborns

Coagulogram in newborns is carried out in order to exclude the presence of any pathologies of blood. Everything happens on a general basis. The baby takes the blood and examines it, based on the received data, certain results are made. It is enough just to compare the final figures with the permissible norms.

Blood pathologies are not so rare, so this procedure is necessary. Naturally, in isolated cases there are times when blood is not capable of coagulation. In this case, everything ends in a lethal outcome, because there is no way to stop this process in any way.

In some cases, the coagulogram is performed before surgery. Newborns also have surgery to remove certain pathologies. To date, the coagulogram is a very common analysis that is conducted when planning any surgical intervention. This will avoid all possible negative consequences during the ongoing "procedure".

[21], [22], [23]

Decoding of coagulogram in children

Decoding of the coagulogram in children does not differ much from the norms that are given for adults. Usually, after the analysis, all the obtained indicators are reduced to a table. According to these data, it is possible to determine whether there are any deviations. It is enough simply to compare the obtained data with the norms. However, there are also cases when the doctors themselves find it difficult to understand the final result.

This may be due to the presence of pathologies, or other negative processes in the body. Basically, the standards fluctuate in such ranges: APTTV - 25-37 sec; Fibrinogen - up to 6,5 g / l; Lupus anticoagulant - should be absent; Platelets - 131-402 thousand / mkl; Prothrombin - 78-142%; Thrombin time is 18-25 s; D-dimer - 33-726 ng / ml; Antithrombin III - 70-115%.

There should be no other figures. More precisely, they can be, but this indicates the presence of pathologies. Coagulogram shows the possibility of blood, with respect to the process of coagulation and at deviation from the norm shows the presence of unfavorable processes in the body.

[24]

Coagulogram in myocardial infarction

Coagulogram with myocardial infarction is one of the most important analyzes. Thanks to it you can determine the clotting parameters of blood. It is important in connection with the danger of developing the DIC syndrome. It is characterized by the seepage of blood through the vessels. This is considered one of the most serious complications of myocardial infarction.

This analysis must be carried out without fail. As a result, it is possible to determine the deviations with respect to blood coagulability and draw certain conclusions. It is very important! Because the infarction is able to give serious complications to the vessels.

To say unequivocally what indicators will be difficult, in most cases it is purely individual. But any deviation of the "elements" indicates the presence of pathology, with which it is necessary to fight. Especially dangerous are any deviations in the presence of problems with the cardiovascular system. Coagulogram may vary depending on what kind of work is being done to eliminate blood clotting problems.

[25], [26], [27], [28]

Coagulogram indices

Coagulogram indices allow you to accurately assess the result. So, to decipher the results of the procedure, you need to know what indicators are included in it. So, it's APTTV, Fibrinogen, Lupus coagulant, Platelets, Prothrombin, TV, D-Dimer and Antithrombin III.

The APTTV is the time for which the blood is capable of clotting. Any deviation from a fixed rate may indicate the development of complications. In some cases, this indicates disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Fibrinogen is a specific protein, which is based on the thrombus component formed in the process of blood clotting.

Lupus coagulant is a group of specific antibodies. At the person of the given indicator at all should not be, but if he all, is present, in an organism there are problems. It is likely that these are autoimmune diseases.

Platelets are the blood elements of the blood that form in the bone marrow. If their norm is lowered, then the situation is in insufficient nutrition or the presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Prothrombin is a protein that forms part of the blood plasma. If necessary, he participates in the production of thrombin.

TV is thrombin time. During this period, fibrin is produced by the action of thrombin. The slightest deviation from the norm may indicate a pathology of the liver.

D-Dimer is an indicator that is fully responsible for the process of thrombosis. It plays a significant role in the timely detection of thrombosis. Finally, Antithrombin III is a protein that significantly slows blood clotting.

All these indicators are part of the analysis. Coagulogram allows you to determine which of them are normal, and whether there are any deviations.

[29], [30], [31], [32], [33]

Coagulogram rate

The norm of the coagulogram allows one to resort to many interventions accompanied by insignificant blood loss. If the results of the analysis are in the acceptable ranges, then this allows you not to risk during the operation or during labor.

The properties of coagulation play a significant role. Especially if there is a serious "measure" in the body. Only the doctor can decipher the results of the procedure. Many people try to understand independently and from ignorance of the situation to the end they can not realize in the norm their analyzes or not.

It is necessary to understand that the results can fluctuate in one direction or another. For normal parameters, the following characteristics are typical: APTTV - 25-37 sec; Fibrinogen - up to 6,5 g / l; Lupus anticoagulant - should be absent; Platelets - 131-402 thousand / mkl; Prothrombin - 78-142%; Thrombin time is 18-25 s; D-dimer - 33-726 ng / ml; Antithrombin III - 70-115%. If the obtained coagulogram shows far from such figures, then, in the body there are serious deviations with which it is worth fighting.

[34], [35], [36],

Test tubes for coagulation

Test tubes for coagulogram can be purchased separately or taken in the polyclinic. These auxiliary "facilities" serve to store blood.

They are glass or plastic flasks, inside of which "raw materials" are located. In such a vacuum package, no superfluous elements will enter the blood. It is enough simply to hand over the "raw materials" and place it in a test tube. The attending physician is engaged in this question.

Tubes can be different, made from different materials and different capacities. Therefore, it is better to purchase the "accessory" directly on the spot, so that in the future there are no questions. Much depends on what the blood is given for. It is not recommended to buy test tubes by yourself, it is advisable to consult a doctor and follow his wishes. Coagulogram is a procedure that requires correctness of the procedure. That is why the first step is to visit the clinic, and then start preparing for the analysis itself.

Coagulogram - what is this analysis?

Many people are interested in the coagulogram. What is this analysis and how to do it? It should be noted that this is a real way to determine blood coagulability. Evaluation of the functioning of this ability to date is very important. Especially if the patient has to lose some blood. In this case, we mean labor or surgical intervention.

The study of coagulation is actual during pregnancy, when there are problems with the liver, blood vessels and pathologies of the immune system. Often this analysis is called a haemostasiogram. It includes several basic methods of conducting. Thanks to them, it is possible to determine bleeding time, prothrombin time, thrombosed time, fibrinogen, lupus anticoagulant, D-dimer, antithrombin III and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT).

All this is necessary to determine the main indicators and abilities of blood. This procedure is very relevant. Coagulogram can prevent possible negative outcomes.

[37], [38]

Deployed coagulogram

What is an expanded coagulogram? This is a procedure by which you can evaluate the functioning of the blood coagulation system. This is usually done for people suffering from strokes, heart attacks, oncology and other pathologies.

The detailed analysis is not done for women who are going to give birth soon. The detailed procedure includes APTT, MNO, Prothrombin time, Thrombin time, Fibrinogen, Antithrombin III, Protein S, Protein C, D-Dimer, Willebrandt Factor and Lupus anticoagulant.

All this allows us to thoroughly study the properties of coagulability of the blood and to understand whether it is possible for a person to perform a serious operation. After all, during such interventions, usually a lot of blood is lost. If the coagulability is poor, this significantly worsens the situation. There are also cases when the blood is not able to coagulate, it leads to a fatal outcome. Coagulogram allows you to fully assess the ability of the blood system.

[39]

Decoding of the coagulogram

The decoding of the coagulogram is performed by the attending physician. It is not easy to understand independently what is involved in the analysis. To do this, you need to have some knowledge about this topic.

So, as a result, the following indicators can be indicated: APTT, Fibrinogen, Lupus coagulant, Platelets, Prothrombin, TB, D-Dimer and Antithrombin III.

APTTV is the time for which blood can clot. Any abnormalities may indicate the development of complications or disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Fibrinogen is a specific protein that is based on a thrombus component, it is formed during the blood clotting process.

Lupus coagulant is a group of specific antibodies. In the norm of this indicator should not be at all, but if it is present, then most likely we are talking about autoimmune diseases.

Platelets are the blood elements of the blood, they form in the bone marrow. Their significant reduction is usually caused by malnutrition.

Prothrombin is a protein that is found in the blood plasma. It is from it, if necessary, to produce thrombin.

TV is thrombin time. During this period, fibrin is produced by the action of thrombin. Any deviation from the norm can testify to the pathology of the liver.

D-Dimer is the indicator that is responsible for the process of thrombus formation. It is important for the timely detection of thrombosis.

Antithrombin III is a protein that slows blood clotting.

For all these indicators, the analysis is done. Coagulogram is a serious procedure, which must be prepared.

What is included in the coagulogram?

Do you know what is included in the coagulogram? This analysis includes several main indicators, which are determined by the presence of a deviation from the norm.

So, the usual coagulogram contains the following mandatory "elements": APTT, Fibrinogen, Lupus coagulant, Platelets, Prothrombin, TV, D-Dimer and Antithrombin III. If it is a detailed analysis, then Prothrombin time, Protein S, Protein C and Willebrand Factor are added to this list.

Each of the indicators is responsible for its "function". Due to deviations in this or that "element", it is possible to understand what problems are present in the human body. This is especially important before surgery or childbirth. After all, these two "activities" imply a slight loss of blood. Coagulogram in its turn determines how quickly it can collapse and whether there are any risks for a person. Therefore, this analysis should be treated with all responsibility.

INR

Coagulogram of INR is a calculated indicator. Using it, you can view the ratio of the patient's prothrombin time to the mean prothrombin time. What is the purpose of this analysis?

Determine this indicator is necessary for the control of therapy with indirect anticoagulants. Under the latter "elements" are meant drugs that contribute to poor coagulation, these are warfarin and phenylin.

Patients on this therapy should monitor the INR at least once every 3 months. Excessive increase can lead to a tendency to permanent bleeding. Decrease INR testifies on the contrary about the insufficient effect of anticoagulants. At the same time, there is a significant risk of thrombus formation.

This indicator should be carefully monitored. A lot can depend on this criterion. Coagulogram of this indicator is not so often and is included in the expanded spectrum of the procedure, which is performed on a special request.

APTTV

Coagulogram of APTT is an activated partial thromboplastin time. Simply put, this is the time interval that is necessary for the formation of a blood clot after special reagents have been added to the plasma.

The APTTV indicator is one of the most sensitive among all. Thanks to him you can assess the condition of the internal way of blood clotting. An increase in this indicator indicates a hemophilia or 2-3 phases of the syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation. With the last pathology, there is a violation of blood clotting, in which clots can form in small vessels. This is typical for people suffering from the disease Villebragda and Hagemann. If the indicator on the contrary is significantly reduced, most likely, this indicates the presence of the 1st phase of the ICE syndrome.

Doing without this "element" by conducting a general analysis is impossible. Because it is one of the standard procedures. Coagulogram includes a lot of indicators, and APTTV is one of them.

[40], [41]

Fibrinogen

Coagulogram fibrinogen is a specific protein. It is classified as the main component of the thrombus, which is formed in the process of blood clotting. Fibrinogen is responsible for many functions and is one of the most important in blood coagulability.

Most expressed this figure increases during pregnancy. If the reason is not in this, then the problem can arise because of the development of the inflammatory process and even at the risk of cardiovascular complications. They can arise on the background of increased coagulability of blood. Therefore, this indicator should be carefully monitored.

If the indicator on the contrary is significantly reduced, then a person appears to bleed. They can have both an innate character, and also be observed in liver disorders. This indicator is mandatory and it is closely monitored during pregnancy and before surgery. Coagulogram allows you to determine how the future "procedure" will be safe for humans.

[42], [43]

PTI

PTI coagulogram is a prothrombin index. Under normal conditions, its value varies between 70-140%. This indicator can significantly increase in pregnant women. But this is a negative phenomenon that occurs against the background of detachment of the placenta. Naturally, this is a normal process, but it can happen in the early stages. This can lead to the loss of the child, so the level of PTI must be carefully monitored.

Increased PTI directly indicates increased blood clotting. This process is observed in thrombosis and thrombophilia. In some cases, this phenomenon occurs after a prolonged intake of oral contraceptives.

If this indicator significantly reduces, then this indicates that the person is prone to bleeding. Therefore, the issue of surgical intervention must be approached with particular seriousness. After all, the current situation can end badly. That's why a coagulogram is performed and all the necessary indicators are taken off.

Dimer

Coagulogram dimer is the product of fibrin degradation. This indicator illuminates violations of the process of blood clotting. This type of analysis is carried out for the diagnosis of thrombosis, in pregnancy, the syndrome of ICE and oncological diseases.

Dimer is a specific degradation product of fibrin, which is part of the thrombus. It can monitor the intensity of the processes of formation and destruction of fibrin clots. Dimer is indicative of the fact that fibrinolysis cleaves directly fibrin, not fibrinogen.

The concentration of this element can be influenced by factors such as the magnitude of thrombus. Determination of the level of dimer is a specific and sensitive marker of thrombosis. The level of this element is able to increase and because of pathological conditions, which are accompanied by enhanced fibrinolysis. These can be infections, hemorrhagic complications, wound healing, etc. Coagulogram is extremely important in this case, and it has a special significance.

[44], [45]

RFMK

Coagulogram RFMK is designed for quantitative determination of soluble complexes in blood plasma. This is exactly how RFMK is deciphered.

Soluble complexes are markers of thrombinemia with intravascular coagulation. Determine this indicator can be manual.

RFMK can not be attributed to the number of mandatory tests when conducting a coagulogram. It is rather carried out with an expanded definition of the existing problem. Usually, it is determined by the forthcoming surgery.

The main indicator is taken from the donated blood. A person does not have to take anything extra. RFMK increases with activation of blood coagulability. The higher the concentration of complexes, the higher the risk of intravascular thrombosis.

Decrease in the RFMC index is observed in the treatment with heparin. This allows you to effectively identify patients who need heparin prophylaxis and heparin therapy. Coagulogram in this case thoroughly helps.

Prothrombin

Coagulogram Prothrombin means coagulation factor. This indicator is one of the most important. It is he who characterizes the state of the coagulating system of blood.

Any change in its amount can lead to a clotting disorder. This can lead to the impossibility of conducting an operative intervention. After all, a person during this process can lose a lot of blood.

Usually, an increase in prothrombin is observed with a tendency to thrombosis. Its normal value should not exceed 78-142%. The decrease in prothrombin is observed with a deficiency of vitamin K, as well as the intake of certain drugs, including warfarin and anabolic steroids. The level of blood coagulability is determined quite simply. Conduct it on the basis of a general analysis - coagulogram. It is one of the mandatory indicators. Without these data, it is impossible to predict the course of surgery or delivery in women. That is why the coagulogram is performed immediately before the procedure itself.

Aggregation of platelets

What is a coagulogram of platelet aggregation? The first thing worth noting is the fact that platelets are the so-called first aid of the body. As soon as the slightest damage to the vessel wall occurs, and blood begins to flow, a biochemical reaction of the platelets is made instantly.

Having found themselves on the site of damage, the elements are glued together and thereby stop the bleeding. Simply put, there is a blockage of the "rush". This process is called platelet aggregation.

This criterion is very important in the conduct of surgical intervention. After all, how quickly its blood can stop depends on its direct losses. A similar process occurs during labor. In some cases, platelet aggregation is slow and therefore there is a risk of some kind of intervention. It is easier when this process is accelerated on the contrary, although this phenomenon is considered a pathology. In what "position" everything is, determines the coagulogram.

[46], [47], [48],

Coagulogram table

Coagulogram table is the most convenient opportunity to review the results of the analysis. Usually all the data is reduced to a certain table, where they are compared with the norms.

As a result, all indicators should be described, depending on which analysis was conducted. In the case of an ordinary coagulogram, APTTV, Fibrinogen, Lupus coagulant, Platelets, Prothrombin, TV, D-Dimer and Antithrombin III are recorded in the table. With the expanded definition, Prothrombin time, Protein S, Protein C, and Willebrand Factor are also added.

Usually, the table indicates the indicator received and the rate to which it should strive. In case of deviation, the cause of the phenomenon is described. After all, each indicator depends on its factors. Starting the inflammatory process in the body and ending with pathological changes. Based on the data received, a decision is made regarding further action. Coagulogram fully describes the state of coagulability of the blood.

[49]

Where can I take a coagulogram?

Do you know where to take the coagulogram? To date, such a procedure can be done in any modern clinic. Unfortunately, not many state medical institutions are able to provide such a service. Therefore, it is necessary to visit a couple of clinics, before handing over the analysis itself.

The analysis requires the use of certain equipment, which is not everywhere. Therefore, it is advisable, before going for the analysis, to take care of finding a good hospital. It should be noted once again, the procedure is not carried out at every polyclinic.

Before you go to take the test is to consult with your doctor. He will give special recommendations regarding the process of preparation for analysis. Nothing complicated in this, you just have to give up food for 8-12 hours and not take certain medications. On all questions of interest, it is worth talking to your doctor. A coagulogram is conducted with observance of all necessary rules, this will allow obtaining an accurate and reliable result.

How much is a coagulogram?

Many people are interested in the question of how much a coagulogram is being made? It is necessary to note the fact that now is the century of advanced technologies, so it will not be long to wait. The person takes the blood and within an hour all the results are ready.

Naturally, a lot depends on what is the queue for this procedure. On average, you can find out your own indicators after one hour. However, today not everything is done so quickly. Therefore, the maximum waiting time is one day. Usually, a coagulogram is performed in the morning hours and at the same time for the next day a person can get their results.

The very procedure of taking blood takes a few seconds and does not represent anything complicated or painful. If necessary, not only the analysis itself is quickly carried out, but its results are also available. Usually, the coagulogram does not require rapidity and is done only before the interventions, which are accompanied by insignificant blood loss.

Price of coagulogram

The price of a coagulogram directly depends on the country, the city and the clinic itself. It is difficult to say unequivocally how much this procedure will result in. Basically, its cost does not exceed 100-250 hryvnia. Naturally, as mentioned above, it all depends on where it is conducted.

Modern clinics for the increased quality of work take the appropriate amount. Much depends on where the medical institution is located. If its location is closer to the capital, then the price will be appropriate. The further, naturally, less.

It should also be noted that auxiliary materials also play an important role. These include special test tubes. A person can acquire it both independently and use the services of a medical institution, in which he is going to take an analysis. This also affects the price in some way. Therefore, intending to conduct this procedure, it is worth taking 100-250 hryvnia with you. If you take into account the city of the Russian Federation, then the coagulogram on average costs 1000 rubles.