Cefotaxime

Cefotaxime is a semi-synthetic antibiotic.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Indications Cefotaxime

It is used to treat a variety of infectious diseases. Among the pathologies affecting the respiratory system are pneumonia, abscesses and pleurisy with bronchitis.

The drug is also actively used in the case of septicemia, lesions of bones and soft tissues, endocarditis, bacterial meningitis, tick-borne borreliosis, as well as for complications resulting from surgical procedures.

An antibiotic can be prescribed for diseases in the area of the nose, ears and throat, and besides the urinary ducts and kidneys.

[7], [8]

Release form

The release of the substance is realized in the form of a lyophilisate for injection liquid (in / in or in / m injections), in bottles with a capacity of 10 ml.

[9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]

Pharmacodynamics

The active ingredient is a third-generation cephalosporin and is used for parenteral administration. The drug shows activity against gram-positive and negative flora, which is resistant to the effects of aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and penicillin.

The antimicrobial effect is based on the inhibition of the activity of the action of transpeptidase - by blocking the effects of peptidoglycan.

[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20]

Pharmacokinetics

With v / m introduction, Cmax values are noted after half an hour. The drug is approximately 25-40% exposed to protein synthesis inside the plasma. The bactericidal effect lasts for 12 hours. Inside the bony tissues, gallbladder with soft tissues and myocardium, effective indicators of the active element are formed.

The active substance passes through the placenta and is found inside the pleura, synovia, cerebrospinal fluid, and in addition pericardial and peritoneal fluids.

About 90% of the drug is excreted in the urine (by 20-30% in the form of active metabolic products, and by 60-70% in an unchanged state). After the intramuscular injection, the half-life of the drug is 60-90 minutes, and after the intravenous injection - 60 minutes. Accumulation of the drug is not marked. Part of the active substance excreted in the bile.

[21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26],

Dosing and administration

Purpose of the drug for adults: injections of 1-2 g medication with 4-12 hour intervals (w / w or v).

Use for children weighing less than 50 kg: the introduction of 50-180 mg / kg 2-6 times per day. The cycle duration is selected by the attending physician, taking into account the response of the patient, the underlying disease and associated diseases.

Dissolution of the medicinal substance for intravenous injections: 1000 mg of the lyophilisate is diluted in sterile liquid (4 ml), and then injected at low speed for 3-5 minutes.

The dilution of the drug with novocaine: 1000 mg of lyophilisate diluted in novocaine (4 ml), and then injected at low speed.

For breeding using lidocaine, sterile liquid and novocaine. Lidocaine with novocaine is used as an analgesic, because the injections are quite painful.

[35], [36], [37], [38]

Use Cefotaxime during pregnancy

It is forbidden to prescribe medication in the 1st trimester. In the case of breastfeeding or on the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, it is used only in situations where the benefits of it for the woman are more likely than the risk of complications in the fetus.

When breastfeeding, Cefotaxime is able to change the oropharyngeal microflora of the infant. The teratogenic and embryotoxic effect of drugs in experimental tests on animals has not been confirmed.

Doctors recommend to abandon the use of antibiotics during pregnancy.

Contraindications

Main contraindications:

• the presence of bleeding;
• intolerance to medication;
• history of enterocolitis.

For diseases of the kidneys or the liver system, it is necessary to additionally be examined by doctors to determine the absence of contraindications for antibacterial treatment using cephalosporins.

[27], [28], [29]

Side effects Cefotaxime

The use of medication may cause some side effects:

• local symptoms: pain when i / m injections; phlebitis in case of intravenous injection;
• disorders affecting the digestive function: nausea, pseudomembranous form of colitis, hepatitis, intrahepatic cholestasis, vomiting, an increase in AST or ALT values, as well as diarrhea syndrome;
• disorders of hematopoietic activity: neutropenia, hemolytic form of anemia, hypoprothrombinemia, and also a decrease in the number of platelets;
• other manifestations: signs of allergy (itching, angioedema, an increase in the number of eosinophils), candidiasis or tubulointerstitial nephritis.

If there are any other negative manifestations, you need to cancel the use of the drug and seek medical help.

[30], [31], [32], [33], [34]

Overdose

Large portions of drugs can quickly lead to the development of dysbiosis, encephalopathy and allergy symptoms.

During therapy it is necessary to use desensitizing drugs.

[39], [40], [41], [42],

Interactions with other drugs

Nephrotoxic properties of the drug are potentiated by the use of aminoglycosides or diuretic preparations of the loop type.

NSAIDs, as well as antiplatelet agents increase the likelihood of bleeding.

It is forbidden to mix the medicine inside one syringe with other substances (except lidocaine with novocaine).

Probenecid increases the performance of the active element Cefotaxime and inhibits its removal.

[43], [44], [45]

Storage conditions

Cefotaxime must be kept in a place closed to children. Temperature readings are within 25 ° C.

[46]

Shelf life

Cefotaxime can be used within 24 months from the date of manufacture of the pharmaceutical agent.

[47]

[48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53],

Application for children

For children, the drug is prescribed using dosages in the range of 50-180 mg / kg per day. Cefotaxime should be used very carefully for treating children. It is forbidden to use for the treatment of newborns.

Analogs

Analogues of the medication are drugs Claforan and Cefabol with Cefosin.

[54], [55], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60], [61]

Reviews

Cefotaxime receives good reviews - it has a strong antimicrobial effect, and it is often used in pediatrics (in cases where other antibiotics have not had the desired effect).

It is also required to take into account that in the comments, side effects of the drug, often occurring after therapy (colic, dysbacteriosis and meteorism) are often mentioned.