Cefamabole

Cefamabol belongs to the category of cephalosporins and other related medicinal elements.

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Indications Cefamabole

It is used to eliminate diseases of infectious and inflammatory origin, and caused by bacteria-pathogens sensitive to the action of drugs. Among them:

• meningitis with sepsis and endocarditis;
• infections in the abdominal area;
• gynecological infections;
• infectious processes affecting the urinary tract;
• joint or bone infections;
• soft tissue infections;
• respiratory infections.

The medicine is also used to prevent the occurrence of infectious complications after surgical procedures.

Release form

It is released in the form of a lyophilisate intended for the preparation of an injection medicinal solution.

Pharmacodynamics

The drug has a wide range of antibacterial activity. It has the ability to inhibit transpeptidase and disrupt the processes of biosynthesis of the bacterial mucopeptide cell wall. It has bactericidal properties.

It has an effect on many gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria: Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter (may become resistant during treatment), Influenza bacilli, Proteus mirabilis, Providencia Rettgeri, and Morgan's bacilli.

In addition, it affects individual strains of Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus (this also includes most strains resistant to methicillin and strains producing penicillinase), streptococci, epidermal staphylococci and anaerobes of gram-positive or gram-negative nature (peptostreptococci, bacteroides, peptococci, clostridia and Fusobacterium spp.).

Pharmacokinetics

With an intramuscular injection (in a portion of 0.5 or 1 g), peak values of the drug are observed after 0.5-2 hours and are 13 or 25 mcg/ml, respectively. After an intravenous injection (in a portion of 1.2 or 3 g), after 10 minutes, the drug indicator in the plasma reaches 139, 240 and 533 mcg/ml (the drug values of the drug are maintained for 6 hours).

The half-life of the substance with intravenous injection is 32 minutes; with intramuscular injection, this figure is 1 hour. The medicinal values of the drug are formed inside the bones, joint and pleural fluids, and also in the bile.

Excretion of the unchanged element occurs with urine (within 8 hours, 65-85% of the drug is excreted). With intramuscular administration of 0.5 and 1 g of the drug, its level in urine is 254 and 1357 mcg/ml, and after intravenous injection in portions of 1 or 2 g - 750 or 1380 mcg/ml, respectively.

In patients with renal failure, the excretion of Cefamabol is slowed.

Dosing and administration

The medicine can be administered intravenously and intramuscularly. For intramuscular injections, 1 g of the drug should be dissolved in injection water or sodium chloride solution (3 ml).

For jet type intravenous injection, the medicine must be diluted in a ratio of 1 g of the drug per 10 ml of injection water or sodium chloride solution.

For intravenous drip administration, the substance diluted according to the above description must be mixed with a 10% glucose solution (a NaCl solution can also be used).

The drug is prescribed in doses of 0.5-1 g, with intervals between administrations of 4-8 hours.

To eliminate diseases in the urinary tract area – administer 0.5 g (in severe stages of pathology – 1 g) at intervals of 8 hours. For infectious lesions that are life-threatening – administer up to 2 g at intervals of 4 hours (12 g per day).

The dosage for children is 50-100 mg/kg (if there is a severe degree of infection, increase to 150 mg/kg) per day with intervals between procedures of 4-8 hours.

To eliminate infections caused by β-hemolytic streptococcus, it is necessary to continue therapy for at least 10 days.

Persons undergoing hemodialysis procedures must be administered 1 g of the drug intravenously or intramuscularly at intervals of 12 hours (for intramuscular injections, after completion of hemodialysis, it is necessary to additionally administer another third or half of the drug dosage).

To prevent infection after surgery, 1-2 g (for adults) or 50-100 mg/kg (for children) of the drug should be administered 0.5-1 hour before the procedure. Then the same dosages should be administered for 24-48 hours.

For people with kidney problems, the dosage regimen is selected taking into account the CC indicators. After the introduction of the initial portion of 1-2 g (determined by the severity of the infectious process), the following maintenance doses are prescribed:

• CC level 50-80 ml/minute – in severe stages of the disease, administer 2 g of the drug at intervals of 4 hours; in moderate stages of the pathology – 1.5 g at intervals of 6 hours or 2 g at intervals of 8 hours;
• CC rate 25-50 ml/minute – in severe stages of the pathology, administer 1.5 g of the drug at intervals of 4 hours or 2 g at intervals of 6 hours; in moderate stages of the disease – 1.5 g of the drug at intervals of 8 hours;
• CC rate 10-25 ml/minute - for severe forms of diseases, 1 g is administered at intervals of 6 hours or 1.25 g at intervals of 8 hours; for moderate pathologies - 1 g at intervals of 8 hours;
• CC level 2-10 ml/minute – in severe stages of the disease, administer 670 mg of the drug at intervals of 8 hours or 1 g at intervals of 12 hours; in moderate stages of the disease – 0.5 g at intervals of 8 hours or 0.75 g at intervals of 12 hours;
• the CC rate is less than 2 ml/minute – in severe stages of the pathology, administer 0.5 g of the drug with intervals of 8 hours or 0.75 g with intervals of 12 hours; in moderate infections – 0.5 g of the drug with intervals of 12 hours.

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Use Cefamabole during pregnancy

The drug is prescribed to pregnant and nursing mothers only in extreme cases. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the balance between the benefits for the woman and the risk of negative consequences for the fetus/breastfed child.

Contraindications

The main contraindication is the presence of intolerance to penicillins together with cephalosporins and carbapenems.

Side effects Cefamabole

Taking the drug can lead to the development of the following side effects:

• the occurrence of pseudomembranous colitis, persistent hepatitis and intrahepatic cholestasis, as well as vomiting or nausea;
• the appearance of thrombocyto-, leuko- or neutropenia, a positive Coombs reaction, a decrease in CC values, an increase in the level of urea nitrogen in the blood (in individuals with renal failure), as well as a temporary increase in the activity of liver transaminases and alkaline phosphatase levels, the development of superinfection or dysbacteriosis;
• signs of allergy: urticaria, fever, rash, eosinophilia. Rarely, angioedema, bronchospasm and anaphylaxis are observed;
• pain and the appearance of an infiltrate at the injection site, as well as the development of thrombophlebitis (with intravenous injection).

Overdose

When using Cefamabol in too high doses, seizures may develop.

To eliminate the disorder, it is necessary to stop the administration of the drug, and then prescribe the patient to take anticonvulsants. At the same time, it is necessary to perform a hemodialysis procedure.

Interactions with other drugs

The drug potentiates the nephrotoxic properties of loop diuretics, and at the same time aminoglycosides. In addition, it prolongs the effect of alcohol (causes the development of a disulfiram-like reaction).

When combined with aminoglycosides, the antibacterial effect of the drug increases.

Probenecid inhibits the excretion of the drug, doubling the concentration level and duration of therapeutic effect.

Thrombolytics, as well as anticoagulants and NSAIDs, increase the patient's risk of bleeding.

It has pharmaceutical incompatibility with aminoglycoside solutions (it is prohibited to mix them in one syringe).

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Storage conditions

Cefamabol is kept in a dark, completely moisture-proof place, out of reach of small children. Temperature values are no higher than 25°C.

Shelf life

Cefamabol can be used for 2 years from the date of manufacture of the drug.

The prepared solution has a shelf life of 24 hours (provided the temperature is up to 25 ⁰ C), and 96 hours if stored in the refrigerator.