Antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes

Antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes - this is often the only way to stop the disease and stop the development of quite serious and dangerous complications. If the process is badly started, then it is difficult to foresee the consequences of the development of pathology.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes is not only an unpleasant, but also unaesthetic process, which says that the patient's organism is exposed to the aggression of pathogens and the effects of products of their vital activity (various toxins). When you touch the place of swollen lymph node, a person feels pain. Very often, especially if the patient did not immediately seek help from a specialist, a purulent process can begin to develop in the lesion focus and the appearance of blood is observed.

[1], [2], [3], [4]

Indications for the use of antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes

Lymph is an intercellular fluid responsible for purifying the internal environment of the body. Invasion of any microorganisms falling into our body, first meets resistance from our lymphatic system. If it ceases to cope with its functions, then even visually begins to manifest inflammation of the lymph nodes.

Indications for the use of antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes are as follows:

• Effects on the body of pathogens, for example, staphylococci, gonococci, streptococci and many other bacteria.
• Invasion of various viral strains. And infectious diseases such as rubella, hepatitis, diphtheria, parotitis and many others.
• Disease of the breast.
• The prohibition of the use of antibiotics in inflammation of the lymph nodes can be a complication, which was provoked:
  • Flu.
  • Adenoiditis is an inflammatory disease of pharyngeal tonsils.
  • Scarlet fever.
  • Angina.
• Malignant neoplasms.

Inflammatory process, especially accompanied by abscesses, is called in medicine by lymphadenitis. Basically, the microorganisms, hitting the human body, are carried by the bloodstream throughout the body and at the moment when the patient falls on the examination to a specialist, it is not always possible to determine the place of infection. Proceeding from the above, penetrating the lymphatic system, pathogenic flora can affect not one but several lymph nodes. The inflammatory process can spread to neighboring cells, provoking the development of adenophlegmons. Its provocation shows during the examination a sufficient spread of inflammation and the area of suppuration.

Form of issue

The tetracycline series of antibiotics is represented by very diverse forms of release of drugs.

Quite often, drugs (which bind to the cell membrane of many Gram-negative bacteria and disrupt their functioning) are presented on the drugstore shelves in a tablet form. In this case, their dosage is usually provided by a number of tablets having a different concentration of the basic active substance. For example, ampicillin is available in tablets at a concentration of 250 mg. A similar dosage has a preparation in the form of capsules.

There is a release form in the form of a powder, which is subsequently diluted with water for injection or other medical diluent. For example, ceftriaxone is represented by vials of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg. Antibiotics are also available in the form of a suspension. For example, neopen is offered by the manufacturer in the form of 100 ml bottles. In 1 ml of pale yellow watery liquid contains a certain concentration of the base active substance, in this case the procaine of benzylpenicillin 0.2 g and neomycin sulphate 0.1 g.

Pharmacodynamics of antibiotics for inflammation of lymph nodes

Pharmacodynamics of drugs used in the treatment of the pathology in question differs slightly from drug to drug, but it still has many common features that allow them to be combined into one pharmacological group. These characteristics and can effectively affect the pathogenic flora, helping the patient's body to quickly eliminate the threat.

For example, ceftriaxone is a third-generation drug that perfectly inhibits the synthesis of the cell membrane of a microorganism. The antibiotic replaces the membrane-bound enzymes, catalyzing the transpeptidation reaction. Due to this, there is a violation of cross-linked Mureins (peptidoglycans), which provide strength, elasticity and stiffness of the cell wall of the invading organism.

Pharmacodynamics of antibiotics in inflammation of lymph nodes allows equally effective effect on a widely deployed series of pathogenic microorganisms. It includes both gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes, as well as anaerobes. These include: Staphylococcus aureus, Eschenchia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia spp., Streptococcus group A, B, C, G, Str. Pneumoniae, Yersinia spp., Shigella sppTreponema pallidum, Actinomyces, St. Epidermidis, Enterobacter spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Bacteroides spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, H. Parainfluenzae, Clostridium spp., Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., Peptococcus spp., Moraxella catarrhalis, Aeromonas spp., Fusobacteriumspp, Morganella morganii, N. Meningitidis, Acinetobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp., Serratia spp and some others.

[5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]

Pharmacokinetics of antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes

Modern antibiotics, especially when administered intramuscularly, show a high rate of absorption. Usually, synthetic and semi-synthetic antibiotics do not break down under the influence of gastric acid, showing complete utilization. In this case, the bioavailability of the drugs of the tetracycline group is 100%.

The maximum amount of active active substance in the blood serum (with injection) can be observed after an hour and a half after injection. When the tablet form of taking the drug, this indicator is slightly larger.

The pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in inflammation of the lymph nodes shows up to 95% the level of the reversible compound of its substances with plasma albumins. Usually, modern drugs of this group are present in the patient's body for quite a long time, which shows the prolongation of their action. Even a day after entering the antibiotic in the body, its residual concentrations can be observed in the blood.

Substances that are part of the antibiotics used for inflammation of the lymph nodes, freely penetrate the barriers and membranes of cells of organs and systems, as well as body fluids. For example, in human milk, some time after taking the drug, you can detect up to 4% of the amount that is detected in the blood plasma. With intramuscular administration of the drug, this indicator is slightly higher than when it is delivered through a vein.

The half-life of the constituents of the medicinal product is determined by the indices from 5.8 to 8.7 hours. In people of retirement age (over 75 years) this criterion increases and can reach 16 hours, whereas in small patients the half-life of the components can last for a long six and a half days. In newborn patients, this indicator is even greater - eight days.

About half of the drug during the first two days are excreted from the body by the kidneys, somewhat less is the indicator of the number of constituents of the drug leaving the body together with bile. With renal failure, an active substance can accumulate in the body, since the procedure for their withdrawal slows down.

What antibiotics should I take with inflammation of the lymph nodes?

But the list of drugs of natural or semi-synthetic origin that suppress the growth of living cells (most often prokaryotic or protozoan) is quite extensive. So what antibiotics to take with inflammation of the lymph nodes? Only an expert can answer this question, only after a systematic examination of the patient's body.

Before appointing a specific drug, the doctor prescribes studies that will enable him to determine the causative agent of the inflammatory process. Depending on the source of the pathology and the phase of the development of the disease, as well as its form (specific and nonspecific), the doctor is determined with the appointment of the most effective drug, the maximum sensitivity to which the microorganism-pathogen experiences.

In the case of diagnosing pathologies of a particular nature, the source of the disease is usually such microorganisms as tuberculosis, syphilis, actinomycosis, gonorrhea, anthrax, plague, tularemia. To inflammation of lymph nodes of a nonspecific character, such sources as staphylococci, pyogenic gram-negative bacteria, streptococci.

Proceeding from the above, it is not necessary to engage in an independent diagnosis and prescription of a medicine. This should be done by a qualified specialist, only then you can talk about a really effective treatment and a favorable prognosis for the future.

Lymphadenitis therapy is performed mainly under stationary conditions under the constant supervision of a doctor who, in case of phlegmon formation - purulent inflammation of adipose tissue - may prescribe a surgical intervention to open the abscess and establish drainage.

But in order to determine the causative agent of the disease, it is necessary to conduct the necessary research, which takes quite a long time (bacteriological culture is carried out for at least a week). Wait for the results so long can not, the inflammatory process continues to progress. Therefore, the attending physician prescribes powerful antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes of a wide spectrum of action.

Usually they are medicines of tetracycline group. Here it should be understood that the therapy is not aimed at stopping lymphadenitis as such, but in fighting its causative agent.

Mostly, the doctor prescribes already tested drugs, for example, such as opicillin, ceftriaxone, lyfilline, flemoxin, eurocillin, baktipen, ceftazidime, amoxicillin, oracilin, ampicillin, inducillin, amoxiclav, campicilin and many others.

But do not hope that after taking a couple of pills, the inflammatory process will stop and the problem will be solved. With the right approach to therapy, the duration of the treatment course is usually about two weeks. After this period, mainly the patient's condition is sharply stabilized, the lymph node comes to normal, a normal state returns to the person.

Antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes by the armpits

The whole human body is permeated with the lymphatic system, which is a barrier and filter, which allows to purify the organism from the pathogenic flora penetrating into it. If an infection has occurred and the bacterium or virus has entered the body, they are primarily inhibited and accumulate in the lymph nodes, where they are eliminated by white blood cells.

But if the infection was more resistant, then the white cells have to become more active. This process leads to the development of inflammation affecting the lymphatic system. Well, since the lymph node has a blocking function, it is he who takes on the main burden. It is this clinical picture that leads to inflammation of the lymph node. Sometimes it can affect the neck or inguinal zone more, but often the inflammatory process affects the lymph node in the armpit.

If under the arm there was a puffiness, and then a tumescence, it is necessary, without delaying, to address for consultation to the expert who will appoint necessary inspection and be defined with the diagnosis. If you start this process, then at hand, the patient begins to feel pain at rest and while moving the upper limb. It intensifies if the patient touches an inflamed place. To the touch, this formation has a round, mobile form.

If the lymph node is inflamed in the axillary region - this indicates that it is necessary to examine nearby organs for infection. To take a "signal" of the body is very serious - it can indicate a sufficiently deep damage to the body. After the diagnosis, the doctor paints the complex treatment of the established pathology.

But to bypass antibiotics at an inflammation of lymphonoduses by axillas it does not turn out. They enter almost any treatment protocol. The list of medicines of this pharmacological group is quite extensive, but antibiotics of non-directed action are prescribed, but strong, wide spectrum of lesions. Since the inflammatory process needs to be stopped, and waiting for the establishment of an agent does not always have time. If during the therapy the pathogenic flora was determined, then the attending physician can correct the treatment by replacing the previous antibiotic with a more effective, directed action. This drug will work towards the identified pathogen, which has the greatest sensitivity to it.

Dosing and Administration

Antibiotics of this group are taken orally, intramuscularly or intravenously, depending on the intended form of release. The way of application and dose is prescribed only by the treating doctor after preliminary analysis of the anamnesis and clinical picture of the disease. When administering antibiotics through injection, only freshly diluted drug should be used. The solution is prepared on the basis of pure water for medical procedures or specially produced pharmacological agents. If water for injection is used, then the ratio is usually taken in such figures: for dilution of 500 mg of the drug powder, 2 ml of liquid is used, and for 1000 mg - 3.5 ml. With intramuscular feeding, the needle is inserted deep enough. Doctors recommend injecting into the muscle, in each buttock invade no more than one gram of the drug. Based on the painfulness of the administration of many antibiotics, when injected, 1% lidocaine solution is often used.

When the drug enters the patient through the vein, the ratio of drug and solution is slightly different: 500 ml of antibiotic use 5 ml of sterile water for injection, respectively, for 1000 mg - 10 ml. The medication is injected very slowly into the vein, for two to four minutes.

In the case of the appointment of intravenous infusion, the preparation of the medication is carried out according to another scheme. 2000 mg of the antibiotic is diluted with 40 ml of a solvent that does not contain calcium ions (Ca +). Preferably, a solution of 5% or 10% glucose, 0.9% sodium chloride solution or 5% levulose solution is used.

Advantageously, when administering the dosage at a rate of 50 mg of the drug per kilogram of the patient's weight, the method of administration selects a drip into the vein. The procedure takes about half an hour.

If the drug is to be given to a newborn child who reaches the age of up to two weeks (or for premature infants), the calculation of the daily amount of antibiotic necessary for effective therapy is based on a formula of 20 to 50 mg per kilogram of the weight of the small patient. Apply this medication once a day, the dosage of 50 mg per kilogram of body weight of the baby is prohibited.

If the studies are completed and the causative agent of the disease is established, depending on its level of sensitivity to this drug, dose adjustment is performed.

The duration of the treatment course depends largely on the type of infection, the pathogen, the severity of the pathology and the condition of the patient himself. After the pathological symptoms go away, stop taking antibiotics should not be. To prevent recurrence of the disease, they must be taken for another three days.

In each specific case, there is an adjustment of the dosage of the medicinal product, if the patient has a history of kidney and / or liver problems in the history of the patient.

[19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25]

Use of antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes during pregnancy

Waiting for a woman's baby is the happiest time for a future mother. But it can also be overshadowed by the manifestation of a disease, because a woman lives in a society, and she can not put herself into a cocoon for nine months. She has to visit the polyclinic, shops, her relatives go to work, visit public places - there is where to get infected.

If it so happens that the pregnant woman is ill and the answer of her body to the disease is swelling of the lymph node, then you must immediately immediately notify your obstetrician - the gynecologist who leads the pregnancy. Only he can competently give recommendations on how to stop this process. The use of antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes during pregnancy is categorically contraindicated in the first trimester of gestation. In the second and third trimester of pregnancy, such medications are prescribed only by the attending physician, and only if the clinical picture of the disease justifies their use, outweighing the likely harm to the fetus.

During breastfeeding, when prescribing treatment with antibiotics, it is advisable to temporarily stop breastfeeding.

Contraindications to the use of antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes

The intake of any medicinal product, even natural medicines, has its limitations in use. There are also contraindications to the use of antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes, especially if the drug belongs to a group of a wide range of effects.

These include:

• Increased sensitivity of the patient's body to the component composition of the prescribed drug. For example, it can be penicillins, cephalosporins and others.
• Dysfunction of the liver and kidneys. The indicator of hepatic function and creatine clearance should be kept under control at all times.
• The first trimester of pregnancy.
• Bronchial asthma.
• With a tendency to allergic reactions of antibiotics for inflammation of lymph nodes are appointed only in case of emergency.
• Do not prescribe these medications together with anticoagulants (drugs inhibiting blood clotting) taken orally.
• Lactation period.

[13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18]

Side effects of antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes

Usually, tetracycline group preparations are well tolerated by sick patients, but there are still cases when side effects of antibiotics occur in the inflammation of the lymph nodes.

The admission of such drugs, in some cases, can provoke the appearance of:

• On the part of the digestive system:
  • Nausea. With a strong intensity, a vomitive reflex can occur.
  • Pseudomembranous colitis.
  • Symptoms of diarrhea: rapid, multiple liquid stool, pain and rumbling in the abdomen, flatulence, tenesmus.
  • Hepatitis and cholestatic jaundice.
  • Growth of transaminase activity of the liver, transient nature.
• Dermatological diseases:
  • Rash on the skin.
  • Itching.
  • Hives.
  • Eosinophilia.
  • It is very rarely possible to swelling Quincke or anaphylactic shock.
• Problems from the circulatory system - gipoprotrombinemiya - a lower content of prothrombin in the blood, showing symptoms of bleeding.
• Symptoms of interstitial nephritis may appear.
• Candidiasis.
• If the drug is injected, you can observe a local reaction to the injection: phlebitis and painful symptoms at the injection site.

Overdose

With prolonged administration of the prescribed medication, as well as in the case of taking large doses of antibiotic, an overdose of the drug administered may occur, which can be manifested by the appearance of such symptoms:

• Violation of the level of various components of the blood: neutropenia (a low content of neutrophils in the blood), hemolytic anemia (increase in the level of erythrocyte destruction), thrombocytopenia (low platelet count in peripheral blood, the most common cause of bleeding), leukopenia (decrease in the number of leukocytes per unit of blood volume).
• Balancing the level of microflora in the intestines, which entails digestive problems.

Drug therapy in this case is symptomatic. With excessive intake of antibiotics, peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis are not applied, due to the lack of effective results.

Interactions of antibiotics in inflammation of lymph nodes with other drugs

When carrying out monotherapy with the use of any medicinal product, it is necessary to pay very careful attention to the maintenance of prescribed doses. But especially it is necessary to treat the introduction of a complex of medicines in the protocol of treatment. In order to prevent unwanted complications, it is necessary to know the consequences of the interaction of antibiotics with inflammation of lymph nodes with other drugs.

These antibiotics in their pharmacodynamics are absolutely incompatible with the use of similar antimicrobial drugs.

Do not use antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes together with drugs that reduce platelet aggregation. The introduction of such a tandem is fraught with the emergence of involuntary bleeding. Such drugs are usually referred to as sulfinpyrazone and non-steroidal preparations that have anti-inflammatory characteristics.

With the joint administration of a drug from the group of drugs under consideration and anticoagulants, the mechanism of action on the patient's body turns out to be similar to the previous one: their interaction can provoke bleeding.

It is not recommended at the same time to take antibiotics with loop diuretics. Their combination can cause nephrotoxic damage to the kidneys. Some chemicals and drugs are able to make pathological changes in the work of these human organs.

Antibiotics reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

Proceeding from the foregoing, it is necessary to draw a conclusion for oneself that one should not self-medicate and independently prescribe to himself various medications. This should be done only by a qualified specialist and under his control should undergo therapeutic treatment.

Conditions for storage of antibiotics in inflammation of lymph nodes

In order to ensure that the level of efficacy of taking medicines is at a high pharmacological level, it is necessary to carefully observe the storage conditions of antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes.

The mandatory requirements include:

• Storage of the preparation in a cool place, where the room temperature does not exceed + 25 ° С.
• Keep the medicine in a place inaccessible to direct sunlight.
• The medicine should not be available to children.

[26], [27], [28], [29], [30]

Shelf life

Each drug has its own time period, when it can be used for its intended purpose, reasonably expecting the required efficacy. The shelf-life of the drugs considered in this article is mainly two years. The date of manufacture and the end date of the permissible use shall necessarily be reflected on the package of the medicinal product. If the deadline has passed, then such an antibiotic used in therapeutic treatment is no longer recommended.

If the human immunity is weakened, and the body can no longer fight with the infection that struck it, the lymphatic system can take the first blow at itself, manifesting as painful tumor-like structures. You should not try, get rid of them yourself, it can result in a neglected form of pathology and the appearance of even more serious complications. At the first sign of a pathological deviation, you should immediately seek help from a specialist. They will be screened and prescribed antibiotics for inflammation of the lymph nodes, which are related to strong broad-spectrum drugs. Cope with this disease, not using antibiotics, will not succeed. The main thing is not to delay with a campaign to the doctor. After all, the sooner you start treatment, the less effort and money you will have to make for recovery. But most importantly, with early therapy, the patient's body undergoes the least damage and exposure to pharmacological drugs.