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Ankle joint
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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The ankle joint (art talocruralis) is complex in structure, block-shaped in shape, formed by the articular surface of the tibia and the articular surfaces of the talus block, as well as the articular surfaces of the medial and lateral ankles. In this case, the tibial and fibular bones cover the block of the talus bone like a fork. The joint capsule behind and from the sides is attached along the edges of the articulating articular surfaces, and in front by 0.5 cm away from them. Ligaments are located on the lateral surfaces of the joint. On the lateral side of the joint are the anterior and posterior talus-peroneal and calcaneocutaneous ligament. All ligaments begin on the lateral ankle and fan out in a fanlike manner. The anterior talon-peroneal ligament (lig. Talofibulare anterius) is directed to the cervix of the talus, the posterior talon- talobilare posterius to the posterior process of the talus. The heel-peroneal ligament (lig. Calcaneofibulare) goes down and ends on the external surface of the calcaneus. On the medial surface of the ankle is a medial (deltoid) ligament (lig. Mediale, seu deltoideum). It starts on the medial ankle, it distinguishes four parts attached to the scaphoid, talus and calcaneus bones: the tibial-navicular part (pars tibionaviculare), the tibial parietal (pars tibiocalcanea), the anterior and posterior tibial partes (partes tibiotalares anterior et posterior).
In the ankle joint, bending (movement of the foot downwards) and extension up to 70 ° are possible. Flexion-extension is performed with respect to the frontal axis. When bending, small oscillatory movements are possible in the sides.
The movements of the foot in the ankle and tarana-calcaneal-navicular joints occur around the frontal axis (flexion-extension) by up to 70 °, the lead-up to 60 °, the rotation around the longitudinal axis (pronation-supination) -20 °.
Flexes the foot: the triceps muscles of the lower leg, the long flexor of the fingers, the posterior tibialis muscle, the long flexor of the big toe.
Unbend the foot: the front tibial muscle, the long extensor of the big toe, the long extensor of the fingers.
Lead the foot: the anterior and posterior tibial muscles.
Allocate a foot: a long fibular muscle, a short fibular muscle.
Turn the foot inside: long and short fibular muscles.
Turn the foot outward: the anterior and posterior tibial muscles, the long flexor of the fingers, the short flexor of the big toe.
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