The bone system

Knee meniscus

The meniscus of the knee joint is an anatomical connective tissue formation of a semicircular shape that occupies the space between the tibia and femur.

Despite the fact that the ligaments of the knee joint have been studied for many years, research in this area continues. For a proper understanding of the close functional interaction of each of the structural elements of the capsular-ligamentous apparatus of the knee joint, it is advisable to consider the range of these issues from the point of view of their influence on joint stability.

The structure of the skull

The structure of the skull is studied not only by anthropologists, doctors and pathologists, but also by representatives of creative professions - artists, sculptors. The skull is not just complex in structure, it is, despite its apparent strength, quite fragile, although it is designed to protect the brain from impacts and injuries.

Joints of the bones of the hand

The midcarpal joint (art. mediocarpea) is formed by the articular surfaces of the bones of the first and second rows of the wrist. It is a complex joint, block-shaped. Its joint space is S-shaped.

Elbow joint

The elbow joint (art. cubiti) is formed by three bones: humerus, radius and ulna. The bones form three joints enclosed in a common joint capsule.

Wrist joint

The radiocarpal joint (art. radiocarpea) is the articulation of the bones of the forearm with the hand. The joint is formed by the carpal articular surface of the radius and the articular disc, which has a triangular shape, as well as the proximal row of carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate, triquetral bones). The articular capsule is thin, attached along the edges of the articulating surfaces, reinforced with ligaments.

Pubic symphysis

The pubic symphysis (symphisis pubica) connects the symphysial surfaces of the two pubic bones, between which is located the fibrocartilaginous interpubic disc (discus interpubicus).

The sacroiliac joint.

The sacroiliac joint (art. sacroiliaca) is formed by the ear-shaped surfaces of the pelvic bone and sacrum. The joint capsule is thick, tightly stretched, attached along the edges of the articular surfaces, merging with the periosteum of the pelvic bone and sacrum.

Hip joint

The hip joint (art. coxae) is formed by the semilunar surface of the acetabulum of the pelvic bone and the head of the femur. The articular surface of the pelvic bone is enlarged by the acetabular lip (labrum acetabulae).

Knee joint

The knee joint (art. genus) is the largest and most complex in structure. It is formed by the femur, tibia and patella. The articular surfaces of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulate with the superior articular surface of the tibia and patella.

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