The bone system

Joints of the foot bones

The bones of the foot are connected to the bones of the lower leg (ankle joint) and to each other. The bones of the foot form the connections of the tarsal bones, the bones of the metatarsus, and the joints of the toes.

Ankle joint

The ankle joint (art talocruralis) is complex in structure, block-shaped in shape, formed by the articular surface of the tibia and the articular surfaces of the talus block, as well as the articular surfaces of the medial and lateral ankles.

The pelvis as a whole

The pelvis is formed by the connecting pelvic bones and the sacrum. It is a bone ring. The pelvis is the receptacle for many internal organs. With the help of the pelvic bones, the torso is connected with the lower limbs. There are two divisions - a large and a small pelvis.

Breast-clavicular joint

The sternoclavicular joint (art. Sternoclavicularis) is formed by the sternal end of the clavicle and the clavic notch of the sternum. Joint surfaces in shape approach saddle.

Acromioclavicular joint

The acromioclavicular joint (art asromio-clavicularis) is flat in shape, formed by the acromial end of the clavicle and the articular surface of the acromion. In 30% of cases, the joint has an articular disc (discus articularis).

Shoulder joint

The shoulder joint (art humeri) is formed by the articular cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus. The articular surface of the head is spherical, almost 3 times larger than the flat surface of the articular cavity of the scapula.

Joints

Joints, or synovial joints (articulationes synoviales), are discontinuous connections of bones. For joints is characterized by the presence of cartilage-covered articular surfaces, articular capsule, articular cavity and in it synovial fluid. Some joints additionally have formations in the form of articular disks, menisci or joint lip.

Temporomandibular joint

The temporomandibular joint (art. Temporomandibularis) is the only joint in the region of the skull. This joint is paired, formed by the joint head of the lower jaw, as well as the mandibular fossa and the joint tubercle of the temporal bone, covered with fibrous cartilage.

Rib cage

The thorax (compages thoracis) is a bone-cartilaginous formation consisting of 12 thoracic vertebrae, 12 pairs of ribs and sternum, connected by joints, synchondroses, ligaments.

Heel bone (heel)

Calcaneus calcaneus is the largest bone of the foot. It is located under the talus bone and extends from under it. Behind the body of the calcaneus is a downward inclined tuber calcanei.

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