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Tibia
Last reviewed: 19.11.2021
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Tibial bone (tibia) is the thickest bone of the shin. The proximal end of the bone is thickened and forms the medial and lateral condyles (condylus medialis and condylus lateralis). The upper articular surface (facies articularis superior) is upward and articulates with the femoral condyles. Between the articular surfaces of the condyles of the tibia is the intercondylar elevation (eminentia intercondilaris), which consists of two tubercles: the medial intercondylar tubercle (tuberculum intercondylare mediale) and the lateral intercondylar tubercle (tuberculum intercondylare laterale). In front of the intercondylar elevation is the anterior intercondylar field (drea intercondyldris anterior), posterior - the posterior intercondylar field (area intercondylaris). Below the lateral condyle from the lateral side of it and a few posteriorly there is a peroneal articular surface (facies articularis fibularis) for connection with the fibula.
The tibia (corpus tibiae) has a sharp front edge (margo anterior), which is probed through the skin. At the top, the anterior margin thickens and forms tuberosity with the tibia (tuberositas tibiae), to which the quadriceps muscle of the thigh is attached. The lateral margin is also sharp and facing the fibula. Therefore, it is called the interocean edge (margo interosseus). The medial margin (margo medialis) is rounded. The body of the tibia is divided into three surfaces. The medial surface is smooth, lies directly under the skin. The lateral and posterior surfaces are covered with muscles. On the back surface there is a rough line of the soleus muscle (linea musculi solei), which extends from the posterior edge of the lateral condyle obliquely downward and medially.
The lower distal end of the tibia is enlarged. On the lateral edge of the distal end of the bone is the incisura fibularis for connection with the fibula. From the medial side downward medial malleolus (malleolus medialis). Behind it is a shallow ankle groove (sulcus malleolaris) for the passing tendon of the posterior tibial muscle. On the lateral side of the medial malleolus is located the articular surface (facies articularis malleoli), which at an angle passes into the lower articular surface (facies articularis inferior) of the tibia. These surfaces together with the joint surface of the fibula are articulated with the talus bone of the tarsum (foot).