Sensory system and skin

External ear canal

The external auditory canal (meatus acusticus externus), open on the outside, ends blindly in the depths, separated from the cavity of the middle ear by the eardrum.

Auricle

The auricle (auricula) is based on a complex elastic cartilage (cartilago auriculae), covered with skin tightly adjacent to the cartilage. In the lower part of the auricle, there is no cartilage.

Outer ear

The outer ear (auris externa) includes the auricle and the external auditory canal, which form a kind of funnel for capturing sounds and directing the sound wave to the eardrum.

lacrimal gland

The lacrimal gland (glandula lacrimalis) is a complex alveolar-tubular gland of lobular structure, located in the pit of the same name in the lateral angle, in the upper wall of the orbit.

The conjunctiva (tunica conjunctiva) is a pale pink connective tissue membrane. It is divided into the conjunctiva of the eyelids (tunica conjunctiva palpebrarum), which covers the inside of the eyelids, and the conjunctiva of the eyeball (tunica conjunctiva bulbaris), which is represented on the cornea by a thin epithelial covering.

Eyelids

The upper eyelid (palpebra superior) and lower eyelid (palpebra inferior) are structures that lie in front of the eyeball and cover it from above and below, and when the eyelids close, completely cover it.

The muscles of the eye

Six striated muscles are attached to the eyeball: four straight muscles - superior, inferior, lateral and medial, and two oblique muscles - superior and inferior. All the straight muscles and the superior oblique begin deep in the orbit on a common tendinous ring (anulus tendineus communis), fixed to the sphenoid bone and the periosteum around the optic canal and partly on the edges of the superior orbital fissure.

The fascia of the eye socket

The orbit, in the cavity of which the eyeball is located, is lined with the periosteum of the orbit (periorbita), which fuses in the area of the optic canal and the superior orbital fissure with the dura mater of the brain.

Senses

The sense organs are anatomical formations (sensory nerve endings, nerve fibers and cells) that perceive the energy of external influences, transform it into a nerve impulse and transmit this impulse to the brain.

Crystalline

The lens, located behind the chambers of the eyeball, has the shape of a biconvex lens with high light-refracting power. The anterior surface of the lens (facies anterior lentis) and its most protruding point - the anterior pole (polus anterior) are directed towards the posterior chamber of the eyeball.

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