The skin barrier is a system of protective structures within the outer layer of the skin, primarily the stratum corneum. Its main functions are to prevent water from evaporating too quickly from the skin while simultaneously limiting the penetration of irritants, allergens, chemicals, and microorganisms.
The hair follicle is not just a "sac" from which hair grows, but a fully-fledged skin mini-organ with its own architecture, cellular niches, vascular and neural support, a sebaceous gland, and a muscle that raises the hair.
Subcutaneous fat is the deepest layer of the skin, lying beneath the dermis and connecting the skin to the underlying muscles, fascia, and other tissues.
In order to understand which skin conditions are normal and which are pathological for a child, it is very important to know the basic functions and structural features of an infant's skin.
The mammary glands of newborns develop in a unique way both in utero and after birth, so it is very important to distinguish between the physiological process and the onset of disease.
From the sixth week of embryonic development, almost simultaneously with organs such as the heart and lungs, the mammary glands in children begin to form.
The mammary gland rests on the pectoralis major and, to some extent, on the serratus anterior muscles. Approximately in the center of the most prominent area of the breast is a colored area—the nipple field—with the nipple rising in the center.
