Immunity

NK-lymphocytes (CD16) in the blood

CD16-lymphocytes are effector cells responsible for antitumor, antiviral and transplantation immunity. NK cells are a separate population of lymphocytes, they differ from T and B lymphocytes both in origin and in functional properties and surface receptors (in humans there are 2 subpopulations - CD16 and CD56).

T-lymphocytes-suppressors (CD8) in the blood

T-lymphocytes-suppressors inhibit the immune response of the body, they inhibit the production of antibodies (of various classes) due to delayed proliferation and differentiation of B-lymphocytes, as well as the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity. With a normal immune response to ingestion of a foreign antigen, the maximum activation of T suppressors is observed after 3-4 weeks.

T-lymphocytes-helpers (CD4) in the blood

T-lymphocytes-helpers are the inducers of the immune response, regulate the strength of the immune response to a foreign antigen and control the constancy of the body's internal environment (antigenic homeostasis). An increase in the number of T-lymphocyte-helpers indicates a hyperactivity of immunity, a decrease in immunological failure.

The total number of T-lymphocytes (CD3) in the blood

Mature T-lymphocytes are responsible for the reactions of cellular immunity and carry out immunological surveillance of antigenic homeostasis in the body. They are formed in the bone marrow and differentiate in the thymus, where they are divided into effector (T-lymphocyte-killers, delayed-type hypersensitivity T-lymphocytes) and regulatory (T-lymphocytes-helper cells, suppressor T-lymphocytes) cells.

B-lymphocytes carrying IgG in the blood

B-lymphocytes carrying IgG, - cells of humoral immunity, responsible for the synthesis of antibodies. They are formed in the red bone marrow and accumulate mainly in the peripheral lymphoid organs. Peripheral blood contains only 2-6% of their total number.

B-lymphocytes carrying IgM, in the blood

B-lymphocytes carrying IgM, - cells of humoral immunity, responsible for the synthesis of antibodies. They are formed in the red bone marrow and accumulate mainly in the peripheral lymphoid organs. Peripheral blood contains only 3-10% of their total number.

B-lymphocytes carrying IgA, in the blood

B-lymphocytes are heterogeneous in their population and perform various functions, the main one of which is Ig secretion. Mature B lymphocytes express Ig on the cell membrane. Such membrane Ig functions as antigen-specific receptors and are the most important markers of B-lymphocytes.

Activated B-lymphocytes (CD23) in the blood

CD23-lymphocytes characterize the activity of the immune response to mitogens. Increased activated B-lymphocytes (CD23) in the blood may indicate the development of an autoimmune or atopic inflammatory process.

The total number of B-lymphocytes (CD20) in the blood

CD20-lymphocytes are cells of humoral immunity, responsible for the synthesis of antibodies. They are formed in the bone marrow from the stem cells, where the first stages of differentiation take place. According to modern ideas, the development of B-lymphocytes passes from the stem cell stage to the early and late predecessors and, finally, to the mature cell.

Immunoelectrophoresis of urine proteins

In immunoglobulinopathy, an increase in the concentration of whey proteins, especially macroglobulins, or Ig, combined in immune complexes with clotting factors or other antigens, causes an increase in blood viscosity, which in turn leads to circulatory disturbances in small vessels and damage to their walls by immune complexes.

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