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Health

Immunity

Immunoelectrophoresis of blood proteins

Immunoglobulinopathies, or gammopathies, combine a large group of pathological conditions characterized by polyclonal or monoclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Immunoglobulins consist of two heavy (H) chains (molecular weight 50,000) and two light (L) chains (molecular weight 25,000).

Circulating immune complexes in the blood

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) - complexes consisting of antigens, antibodies and associated components of complement C3, C4, C1q. Normally, immune complexes formed in the bloodstream are phagocytosed and destroyed. With an increase in their size (with an excess of antigens and the presence in the structure of IgM, the complement component of C1q), complexes can be deposited in the perivascular space and the cortical layer of the kidneys, causing complement activation and inflammatory processes.

Immunoglobulin E in the blood

The half-life of immunoglobulin E is 3 days in the blood serum and 14 days on the membranes of mast cells and basophils. At repeated contact with the antigen (allergen), the interaction of reactive antibodies and antigens occurs on the surface of basophils and mast cells

Immunoglobulin G in the blood

Immunoglobulin G is the main component of the γ-globulin fraction of blood serum. They make up the bulk of all Ig (80%), are the most important effectors of humoral immunity.

Immunoglobulin M in the blood

Immunoglobulin M refers to the γ-globulin fraction and make up about 5% in it. They are the first to be developed in response to an acute infection, carrying out antibacterial immunity.

Immunoglobulin A in the blood

Immunoglobulin A includes two types of specific proteins: serum and secretory. Immunoglobulin A in the blood serum is in the form of a monomer (90% IgA1), it is included in the fraction of β-globulins and accounts for up to 15% of Ig of blood serum.

Comprehensive study of the immune status of the body

At present, clinical immunology has become a link between a number of medical disciplines. Its main tasks include diagnostics, prognosis and development of methods of treatment of human diseases, accompanied by various defects in the immune system.

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