Amixin

Amixin (Tyloron, also known as Tilaxin) is an antiviral and immunomodulatory drug that is used to prevent and treat various viral infections, including influenza and colds.

The active substance of Amixin is tilorone, which activates the production of interferons, proteins that play a key role in the body's immune system and help fight viruses. Amixin stimulates the synthesis of α, β and γ interferons in the cells of the intestine, liver, white blood cells and T-lymphocytes. This helps to strengthen the immune response to viral infection and reduce its manifestation.

Amixin is available in the form of oral tablets with different dosages depending on the instructions and doctor's recommendations. It is usually used to treat acute respiratory viral infections and to prevent influenza in adults and children.

Indications Amyxina

1. Treatment of flu and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI ): Amixin is used to reduce the duration and severity of symptoms of flu and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI). It can help manage runny nose, cough, sore throat, headache, and other symptoms.
2. Prevention of influenza and acute resp iratory viral infections: Amixin may be used to prevent viral infections during periods of increased risk, such as during influenza epidemics or contact with sick people.
3. Treatment of viral hepatitis: Amixin may be used in the complex therapy of viral hepatitis (hepatitis A, B and C) to reduce the intensity of viral replication and improve liver function.
4. Treatment of herpes simplex: In some cases, Amixin may be used to treat herpes simplex (herpes type 1) in combination with other antiviral medicines.
5. Treatment and prevention of other viral infections: In some countries, Amixin may be used to treat and prevent other viral infections, such as encephalomyelitis and viral respiratory tract infections in children.

Release form

1. Tablets for oral administration:

   • Coated tablets containing 60 mg or 125 mg of the active substance tilorone (tilaxin).
   • 60 mg tablets are usually used to treat children over 7 years of age.
   • 125 mg tablets are intended for adults and adolescents over 18 years of age.

Pharmacodynamics

1. Induction of interferons: Amixin stimulates the production of interferons, important proteins that play a key role in the body's defense against viruses.

Interferons are proteins that play a key role in the immune response to viral infections. Interferons help suppress viral replication in infected cells and activate immune cells to kill viruses more effectively. They help the body fight viruses by slowing their replication and spread.

Amixin stimulates the synthesis of α, β and γ-interferons in various cells of the body, including liver cells, intestinal cells, leukocytes and T-lymphocytes. This leads to activation of the immune system and strengthening of the body's defense reactions against viruses.

1. Increased activity of natural killer cells: Amixin also increases the activity of natural killer cells (NK cells), specialized cells of the immune system that can directly destroy infected cells and viruses.

NK cells play a key role in protecting the body from viral infections and tumor cells.

Amixin stimulates the production of interferons, which in turn activate NK cells. Increased activity of NK cells contributes to the improvement of the immune response to viral infections, as NK cells can recognize and destroy infected cells without the need for prior acquaintance with the antigen.

Thus, activation of NK cells is one of the mechanisms through which Amixin helps the body fight viruses and improves immune defense.

1. Immune system stimulation: The drug promotes the activation of other immune system cells such as macrophages, T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes, which strengthens the body's defense mechanisms against viral infections.
2. Antiviral activity: Amixin has direct antiviral activity, which is aimed at suppressing the replication of viruses in the body.

Pharmacokinetics

1. Absorption: Tilorone is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration.
2. Distribution: It is rapidly distributed throughout the body, including organs and tissues such as the liver, kidneys, lungs, and spleen.
3. Metabolism: Tilorone is metabolized in the liver to form several metabolites, including glucuronides.
4. Excretion: It is excreted mainly through the intestine (about 60-70%) and to a lesser extent through the kidneys (about 10-20%).
5. Excretionhalf-life: The half-life of tilorone from the body is about 48 hours.

Dosing and administration

Method of Application:

Amixin is taken orally after meals to improve absorption.

Dosage for adults:

1. Prevention of influenza and other acute respiratory infections:

   • 125 mg once a week for 6 weeks.

2. Treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections without complications:

   • 125 mg daily for the first two days of treatment, then 125 mg every other day. The total dose will be 750 mg (6 tablets of 125 mg).

3. Treatment of viral hepatitis A, B and C:

   • Hepatitis A: 125 mg twice daily on the first day, then 125 mg every other day. The total dose is 1.25 g (10 tablets).
   • Acute hepatitis B: 125 mg twice a day on the first day, then 125 mg every other day (total dose - 2 g). In protracted course - 125 mg daily for the first two days, then 125 mg every other day (total dose - 2.5 g).
   • Chronic hepatitis B: in the initial phase, the total dose is 2.5 g (125 mg twice daily for the first two days, then 125 mg every other day). Maintenance phase - 125 mg per week for 3-4 months.
   • Acute hepatitis C: 125 mg twice daily on the first day, then 125 mg every other day (total dose - 2.5 g).
   • Chronic hepatitis C: in the initial phase - 125 mg twice a day on the first day, then 125 mg every other day (total dose - 2.5 g), maintenance phase - 125 mg per week for 3-4 months.

Dosage for children over 7 years of age:

1. Treatment of influenza and acute respiratory infections:
   • 60 mg once daily for the first two days of treatment, then 60 mg every other day. The total dose will be 180-240 mg.

Special Instructions:

• Amixin is not recommended for the treatment of pregnant and breastfeeding women.
• It is important to consider the presence of chronic diseases and current medication treatment, as Tyloron may interact with other drugs.
• The patient should be monitored for possible adverse reactions such as allergic reactions, dyspeptic symptoms, and others.

Use Amyxina during pregnancy

Amixin (Tyloron) is not recommended for use during pregnancy. Currently available data on its safety in pregnant women are insufficient and its use during pregnancy may pose a potential risk to fetal development.

If a woman becomes pregnant or plans to become pregnant while taking Amixin, it is important to tell her doctor. The doctor will be able to assess the risks and benefits of continuing or stopping the drug and consider alternative treatment options if necessary.

Contraindications

1. Hypersensitivity: People with known hypersensitivity to Tyloron or any other components of the drug should avoid its use.
2. Pregnancy and lactation: Information on the use of Tyloron during pregnancy is limited. Therefore, the use of Amixin during this period should be performed only under strict indications and under medical supervision. It is also necessary to consult a physician regarding the possibility of Amixin use during breastfeeding.
3. Pediatric Age: Instructions for use may contain age restrictions for children, so please read the directions and instructions carefully.
4. Hepatic insufficiency: Tilorone is metabolized in the liver, therefore its use may be limited in patients with severe hepatic dysfunction.
5. Gastrointestinal diseases: There may be restrictions on the use of the drug in patients with peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease and other serious gastrointestinal disorders.
6. Autoimmune diseases: In the presence of systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, the use of Tylorone may be undesirable due to its immunomodulatory properties.
7. Conditions with severerenal impairment: Use may require dose adjustment in patients with severe renal impairment.

Side effects Amyxina

1. Systemic reactions: Abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and liver reactions may occur.
2. Allergic reactions: In rare cases, allergic reactions such as skin rash, itching, urticaria or angioedema may develop.
3. Nervous vascular reactions: Headache, dizziness, increased blood pressure may occur.
4. CNS reactions: Possible nervous disorders, including drowsiness or insomnia, mood changes.
5. Other rare reactions: Arthralgia (joint pain) and myalgia (muscle pain) may occur.

Overdose

Information on overdose of Amixin (Tyloron, Tilaxin) is limited and there are no detailed data on the effects of overdose of this drug. In clinical trials and practice, there are usually no reports on cases of serious overdose.

Nevertheless, in case of possible overdose, medical assistance should be sought or a toxicologist should be consulted. Usually in such cases, symptomatic treatment is given to reduce the manifestations of overdose and maintain vital functions of the body.

Since Amixin is a drug that stimulates the immune system, possible consequences of an overdose may be an increase in the body's immune response or the development of unpleasant reactions against the background of immune system activation. However, detailed information about the specific symptoms and treatment measures of overdose requires additional research and clinical experience.

Interactions with other drugs

1. Drugs affecting liver function: Tilorone is metabolized in the liver, therefore use with other drugs that affect liver function may affect its metabolism and blood concentrations. This includes drugs such as phenytoin, carbamazepine and rifampicin.
2. Immunosuppressants: Tilorone has immunomodulatory properties, so its use with immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine or tasolimus may reduce the effectiveness of the latter.
3. Antiviral drugs: The use of tilorone with antiviral drugs, such as interferon or ribavirin, may enhance their effect, since tilorone itself has antiviral activity.
4. Drugs affecting renal function: Although most tilorone is excreted through the intestine, a small amount is excreted through the kidneys. Use with drugs affecting renal function may affect the rate of elimination of tilorone from the body.
5. Antifungal drugs: The use of tilorone with antifungal drugs such as ketoconazole or fluconazole may increase the concentration of tilorone in the blood and increase its effect.