Aminalon

Aminalone, also known as gamma-aminobutyrated acid (GABA), is a naturally occurring amino acid neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of humans and many other animals. It plays a key role in regulating neuronal firing. Gamma-aminobutyric acid has an inhibitory effect on neural signals, which means it reduces the firing of nerve cells, which can lead to decreased neural activity.

In medicine, gamma-aminobutyrated acid is used as a medicine to treat various disorders such as anxiety disorders, insomnia and epilepsy. There is also a hypothesis about its potential role in reducing stress and improving mood.

Indications Aminalona

1. Anxiety Disorders: GABA may help reduce anxiety and tension in patients with anxiety disorders.
2. Insomnia: Because of its calming properties, GABA may help reduce the time it takes to fall asleep and improve sleep quality.
3. Epilepsy: GABA is used in some cases to treat epilepsy as it can help reduce the excitability of nerve cells and prevent the occurrence of epileptic seizures.
4. Stress and Mood Disorders: Some research suggests that GABA may help manage stress and improve mood, although these effects require more research.
5. Hypertension: Research also suggests that GABA may help lower blood pressure in some people.
6. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Some evidence suggests that GABA may help reduce symptoms of IBS, such as abdominal pain and bowel dysfunction.

Release form

Tablets and Capsules: GABA is often available in tablet or capsule form, making it easy to use and dose. They can be taken orally with water.

Pharmacodynamics

1. Inhibitory neurotransmission: GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It affects neurons, reducing their excitability and activity. GABA binds to GABA receptors, which are found on the surface of neurons. This activates chloride channels, which causes chloride ions to enter the neuron and hyperpolarize its membrane, making the neuron less likely to fire.
2. Anxiolytic and sedative effects: Due to its inhibitory effect on neurons, GABA is used to reduce anxiety and stress. It also has a calming effect, which can help improve sleep quality and reduce nervous system excitability.
3. Anticonvulsant effect: GABA may help prevent the onset and spread of epileptic seizures by reducing neuronal excitability and stabilizing electrical activity in the brain.
4. Possible effects on mood and behavior: Some research suggests that GABA may influence mood and behavior, possibly through its interactions with other neurotransmitters and neuromodulators.
5. Blood pressure regulation: Some research suggests that GABA may help lower blood pressure in some people, although the mechanism of this action requires further study.

Pharmacokinetics

1. Absorption: When taken orally, GABA is poorly absorbed from the intestine due to its hydrophilicity and high molecular weight. This can significantly reduce its bioavailability.
2. Distribution: GABA is evenly distributed throughout the tissues and organs of the body, including the central nervous system, where it performs its functions as a neurotransmitter.
3. Metabolism: In the body, GABA is rapidly metabolized into glutamate by the enzyme gamma-aminobutyric acid decarboxylase (GAD). Glutamate is a precursor for the synthesis of other neurotransmitters such as glutamate and GABA.
4. Excretion: GABA is usually excreted from the body through the kidneys in the form of metabolites, including glutamate, and in unmodified form through urine. Its half-life (the time during which the concentration of GABA in the blood is reduced by half) may vary depending on physiological and pathological factors.

Dosing and administration

Method of application:

• Aminalone is taken orally, usually in tablet form.
• The tablets should be taken before meals with plenty of water.

Recommended doses:

1. For adults:

   • Usual dose: 500 mg (2 tablets of 250 mg) 2-3 times a day.
   • Maximum daily dose: 3 g (12 tablets of 250 mg).

2. For children:

   • Children 1-3 years: 1-2 tablets (250-500 mg) 2 times a day.
   • Children 4-6 years: 2 tablets (500 mg) 2 times a day.
   • Children over 7 years of age: 2-3 tablets (500-750 mg) 2 times a day.
   • Maximum daily dose for children: up to 2 g (8 tablets of 250 mg).

Duration of treatment:

• The course of treatment usually ranges from 2 weeks to 3 months, depending on the patient’s condition and the effectiveness of therapy.
• Repeated courses of treatment are possible after 1-2 months on the recommendation of a doctor.

Special instructions:

• Gradually increasing the dose: It is recommended to start treatment with minimal doses, gradually increasing the dosage to the therapeutic dose to reduce the risk of side effects.
• Condition monitoring: With long-term use of the drug, it is recommended to conduct periodic medical examinations to assess liver and kidney function, especially in patients with chronic diseases.
• Elderly patients: In elderly patients, the dosage may be adjusted depending on the general health status and the presence of concomitant diseases.

Reception mode example:

• Morning: 500 mg (2 tablets of 250 mg) before breakfast.
• Day: 500 mg (2 tablets of 250 mg) before lunch.
• Evening: 500 mg (2 tablets of 250 mg) before dinner.

Use Aminalona during pregnancy

1. Effects on the endometrium and embryonic development: Studies in mice have shown that GABA consumption during early pregnancy may negatively affect the development of the endometrium and embryos. High doses of GABA reduced the number of implantation sites and resulted in morphological degeneration of embryos, indicating potential risks of GABA use during early pregnancy (Tian et al., 2020).
2. Regulation of Neurosteroids and GABA(A) Receptors: Changes in concentrations of neurosteroids such as allopregnanolone may influence the plasticity of GABA(A) receptors in the brain during pregnancy and postpartum. These changes are associated with changes in the regulation of hormones such as progesterone, which may affect fetal development and maternal well-being (Concas et al., 1998).
3. Safety and Toxicity: A review of the safety of GABA as a dietary supplement found that at doses up to 18 g per day for 4 days and with long-term use (120 mg per day for 12 weeks), no serious side effects were observed. However, there is no data on the effects of GABA on pregnant women and fetuses, which requires caution during use (Oketch-Rabah et al., 2021).

Contraindications

1. Hypersensitivity or allergic reaction: People with a known hypersensitivity to gamma-aminobutyric acid or other components of the drug should avoid using it.
2. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: There is insufficient data on the safety of using GABA during pregnancy and breastfeeding, so a physician should be consulted before use in such cases.
3. Liver Impairment: Because the liver may be involved in the metabolism and elimination of many drugs, including GABA, patients with hepatic impairment may require dosage adjustments or additional medical supervision.
4. Taking other medications: GABA may interact with some medications, so patients taking other medications should consult their doctor before taking GABA to avoid potential unwanted interactions.
5. Severe mental disorders: In some cases, GABA may increase the symptoms of mental disorders such as depression or schizophrenia, so its use may not be advisable in patients with these conditions.
6. Autoimmune diseases: There is some speculation about the possible effect of GABA on the immune system, so in the presence of autoimmune diseases, its use may require special attention and medical supervision.

Side effects Aminalona

1. Drowsiness and fatigue: Some people may experience drowsiness or fatigue after taking GABA, especially at the beginning of treatment or as the dose is increased.
2. Dizziness: Some patients may experience dizziness or a slight headache.
3. Gastrointestinal Disorders: Some gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea, constipation, or an unsatisfactory feeling in the stomach, may occur.
4. Allergic reactions: Some people may have an allergic reaction to GABA, which may include skin rash, itching, or swelling.
5. Sleep disorders: Some people may experience changes in sleep quality, such as insomnia or more frequent awakenings.
6. Muscle weakness or trembling: Some people may experience minor muscle symptoms such as weakness or trembling.
7. Mental disorders: In rare cases, some patients may experience changes in mood or mental agitation.

Overdose

1. Drowsiness and lethargy: An overdose of GABA can cause severe drowsiness and lethargy, which can be dangerous when performing tasks that require attention and coordination.
2. Muscle weakness: High doses of GABA can cause muscle weakness or even paralysis.
3. Breathing Difficulty: In extreme cases, an overdose of GABA can lead to breathing difficulties and even respiratory arrest.
4. Loss of consciousness: In some cases, overdose may cause loss of consciousness or coma.
5. Other unwanted effects: Other unwanted effects may also occur, such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, seizures, and changes in heart rate.

Interactions with other drugs

1. Central-acting drugs: Drugs that affect the central nervous system, such as benzodiazepines (eg, alprazolam, diazepam) or hypnotics, may increase the sedative effects of GABA, resulting in increased drowsiness and confusion.
2. Alcohol: When GABA is used together with alcohol, there may be increased sedation and the risk of additional unwanted effects such as severe drowsiness, dizziness, or even potentially dangerous breathing problems.
3. Drugs to treat epilepsy: Using GABA with antiepileptic drugs may change their effectiveness or increase unwanted side effects such as drowsiness or muscle cramps.
4. Anxiety and depression medications: Some anxiolytics and antidepressants may interact with GABA, which may result in increased sedative or anxiolytic effects.
5. Drugs that affect the cardiovascular system: Some medications, such as beta blockers or blood pressure medications, may interact with GABA and alter its effect on the cardiovascular system.
6. Drugs to treat diabetes: GABA may interact with some antidiabetic drugs to change blood glucose levels.