Omnopon

Omnopon has hypnotic, analgesic and antitussive properties.

Indications Omnopona

It is used in the following conditions:

• burns or injuries;
• acute myocardial infarction;
• tumors of a malignant nature;
• colic developing inside the intestines, kidneys or liver;
• periods of time after surgical procedures.

Release form

The drug is released in the form of a 1% or 2% medicinal substance for subcutaneous injection.

Pharmacodynamics

The medicine is a narcotic analgesic, which contains a sum of opium alkaloids (50% is the substance morphine), due to which all its main properties are due to the action of this element.

Omnopon has a pronounced antispasmodic and analgesic effect. But its analgesic effect is weaker than that of morphine. This effect can be explained by the interaction of the drug with opiate endings, as a result of which the transport of pain impulses is interrupted and the perception of pain sensations changes.

The components of the drug (the substances narcotine with papaverine) relieve smooth muscle spasms. Because of this, for pains such as colic inside the kidneys or liver, it is recommended to use this drug, since in this case it is more effective than morphine.

Pharmacokinetics

The rate of morphine synthesis with plasma protein is within 30-35%. Cmax values after intravenous injection are recorded after 20 minutes, and after 50-90 minutes after subcutaneous administration. The half-life is 2-3 hours. It is excreted unchanged or in the form of metabolic products mainly through the kidneys.

A small part of codeine is synthesized with protein and also undergoes liver metabolism processes (10% of the substance is converted into morphine). Excretion is through the kidneys, in the form of codeine morphine, as well as its metabolic products.

The pharmacokinetic characteristics of paramorphine are similar to codeine.

Papaverine is involved in protein synthesis, is metabolized and excreted by the kidneys.

Noscapine penetrates tissues at high speed. After the first 6 hours, it is excreted in urine unchanged (later it is excreted as a conjugate). Subsequently, its metabolic products are recorded in urine for a long time (up to 1 month).

Dosing and administration

The drug is administered subcutaneously. The portion sizes must be selected based on the patient's condition and the severity of pain.

For adults, it is used in a dosage of 1 ml; if necessary, this portion can be re-administered after 4 hours from the first. Maximum permissible dosages: 1-time - 30 mg, daily - 0.1 g.

For children over 2 years of age, doses in the range of 1-7.5 mg are used, taking into account the degree of analgesia.

Use Omnopona during pregnancy

Pregnant or breastfeeding women, as well as during childbirth, may be prescribed Omnopon only if there are vital indications. Such caution is due to the fact that the fetus or newborn may develop drug dependence.

Contraindications

Main contraindications:

• respiratory failure;
• convulsive states;
• the presence of intolerance to the drug;
• head injury;
• increased ICP values;
• hemorrhagic form of stroke;
• cardiac arrhythmia;
• cachexia;
• BA;
• diseases affecting the functioning of the kidneys or liver;
• adynamic ileus;
• elderly people;
• combined use with MAOIs;
• the patient has an opioid addiction.

Side effects Omnopona

The use of Omnopon may lead to the development of bronchial spasms, urinary disorders, depression, a feeling of excitement or drowsiness. In addition, blood pressure may decrease, dizziness, hallucinations, constipation, allergy symptoms and respiratory depression may occur.

The drug potentiates the suppressive effect of sedative antidepressants, sleeping pills, antihistamines and antipsychotics. It also leads to the development of opioid addiction (sometimes only 2-3 days of use is enough for this).

After discontinuing the drug, withdrawal symptoms occur: pupil dilation, headaches, vomiting, tachycardia, diarrhea and yawning, and increased blood pressure. These conditions must be treated in a hospital.

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Overdose

Signs of poisoning: decreased blood pressure, stupor, suppression of respiratory processes, constriction of the pupils and a comatose state.

For therapy in these cases, an antagonist of opioid endings is administered - the substance naloxone - in a portion of 0.4-2 mg. It allows you to restore breathing. Children are administered it in a dosage of 0.01 mg / kg. It should be taken into account that naloxone has a short-term effect, and therefore the victim must also ensure the maintenance of ventilation of the lungs.

Interactions with other drugs

Combination with fentanyl or promedol results in a summation of the therapeutic effect.

It is prohibited to use Omnopon with narcotic analgesics such as tramadol, butorphanol with buprenorphine, and nalbuphine, as this may lead to withdrawal syndrome.

The drug should be used in reduced doses when combined with anesthetics, antidepressants, anxiolytics or sleeping pills - because in these cases there is suppression of respiratory processes and central nervous system function.

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Storage conditions

Omnopon must be kept at temperatures not exceeding 15°C.

Shelf life

Omnopon can be used for 36 months from the date of manufacture of the therapeutic drug.

Application for children

The medicine cannot be used in pediatrics (children under 2 years of age).

Analogues

Analogues of the drug include such drugs as Pantopon, Sufentanil, Morphine and Fentanyl with Trimeperidine.

Reviews

Omnopon is mainly discussed in the context of the side effects it causes. Many patients complain in their reviews that after an anesthetic injection of the drug during the postoperative period, nausea with repeated vomiting appeared 3-6 hours later, which did not lead to relief.