Allergic tracheobronchitis.

Allergic tracheobronchitis is an inflammatory change that occurs in the tracheobronchial tree. In this case, increased sensitivity is observed. This pathology can occur due to infections in the body, in particular laryngitis, chronic tracheitis. Inflammation occurs due to bacteria such as staphylococci and pneumococci. Chemical factors, allergens and low immunity play a significant role in this.

ICD-10 code

The ICD-10 code is a characteristic of the disease, according to the international classification of diseases. Under number 10 are hidden diseases of the respiratory system. In total, there are several main indicators from J00 to J99.

If the lesion involves more than one anatomical area, it is classified directly by this condition. That is, tracheobronchitis is related to bronchitis, but under the heading J40. The exception is conditions caused in the perinatal period. Thus, the classification of the disease is divided into several main blocks.

J00-J06: Defines the presence of acute respiratory inflammation originating directly in the respiratory tract. J10-J18: Pneumonia and influenza. J20-J22: Other colds originating in the lower respiratory tract. J30-J39: Diseases of the upper respiratory tract. J40-J47: Diseases of a chronic course affecting the upper respiratory tract. J60-J70: Diseases of the lung caused by external agents. J80-J84: Respiratory diseases involving the interstitial tissue. J85-J86: Formations affecting the lower respiratory tract. J90-J94: Inflammation of the pleura. J95-J99: Other diseases associated with the respiratory system.

Causes of allergic tracheobronchitis

The causes of allergic tracheobronchitis can be hidden in many factors, and the nature of their development is multifaceted. Some people simply suffer from sneezing and runny nose during the flowering period of plants. Other patients suffer from increased tearfulness of the eyes. Skin rash often appears. The nature of the development of this phenomenon can be hidden in the use of certain foods or the use of special cosmetics.

Some people constantly suffer from severe coughing fits, and this is not accompanied by any illness. Based on this, it is worth noting that the main reason for the development of the disease is the presence of an allergen. It is the one that settles on the mucous membrane of the bronchi and thereby causes a number of unpleasant symptoms.

The most common allergens include pollen, animal hair, bird feathers, and even detergents. What is most interesting is that ordinary dust in an apartment can provoke allergic reactions. Therefore, the issue of constant wet cleaning is relevant.

After some research, it was found that allergic tracheobronchitis can develop against the background of taking any medication. In any case, the emergence of the problem should not be compared with the presence of a cold. It is quite possible that this is a chronic form of bronchitis, but this conclusion was made solely on the basis of similar symptoms.

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Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of allergic tracheobronchitis is truly complex, because the location of the main conflict is in the large and medium bronchi. In the allergic manifestation of the disease, the small bronchi remain completely intact. This process completely explains the absence of asthma attacks.

In the presence of the disease, the mucous membrane has a pale shade. It is quite inflamed, characterized by narrowing of the lumen of the segmental bronchi. If bacteria play a dominant role in this process, then purulent secretion is observed. In children, the situation is somewhat different, here edema and hypersecretion prevail. This factor significantly complicates differential diagnostics.

The disease can develop in children of any age category. Moreover, relapses are possible, the frequency of which reaches 1-2 times per month. Symptoms appear at normal temperature, long-term relapse depends on the child's immunity. The cough is dry, it can be caused even by negative emotions or increased physical activity. Changes in the lungs are diffuse. The main feature is a constant change in physical data. Moreover, this can happen several times during the day. Wheezing can disappear, but after a while it will reappear. The chest does not increase.

If we consider the issue from the side of the child's body, then the disease negatively affects the nervous system. Children become irritable, sweat a lot, and get tired quickly. When determining the disease, a significant increase in the transparency of the lung tissue is visible on the X-ray image.

Allergic tracheitis mainly affects preschool children. It is provoked by an immune conflict. During the process, biological substances are actively released. Repeated coughing fits are normal. It torments at night, often accompanied by pain. Redness of the face and vomiting attacks are possible. Parents often confuse this condition with the development of whooping cough. The disease is characterized by a long course.

Symptoms of allergic tracheobronchitis

Symptoms of allergic tracheobronchitis are comparable to a normal allergic reaction. Thus, a person is constantly bothered by a cough, but the most unpleasant thing is that the peak of its "activity" occurs at night. There is no increase in temperature, and if there is, it is insignificant. In general, a person feels bad, he has a painful condition. Moreover, it can worsen with the slightest contact with an allergen.

The first signs are characterized by a dry cough. Over time, it becomes wet. A person may be bothered by shortness of breath, breathing is difficult. When examining the patient, wheezing is clearly heard. A pronounced inflammatory process is observed. It is characterized by swelling of the mucous membrane. There are no attacks of suffocation.

Against the background of an existing infection in the body, nasal discharge may appear. They are provoked by the presence of an allergen. Inflammation of the trachea is not excluded. The condition significantly worsens during exacerbation. The patient complains of weakness, he often breaks out in a sweat.

Children also often suffer from the disease. The symptoms are similar and do not differ from those in adults. The only thing is that the disease can affect the nervous system. This leads to increased irritability and capriciousness.

First signs

The first signs of allergic tracheobronchitis are the appearance of a cough. It bothers a person throughout the day, but increased "activity" is observed at night. There may be complaints of mild malaise. During coughing, pain appears in the diaphragm area.

Temperature does not bother a person at all. It can appear, but very rarely. Its increase is insignificant, usually not exceeding 38 degrees. A person is not able to take a deep breath and a full exhale. Breathing is difficult, shortness of breath is bothersome. Due to the inability to breathe normally, the lips can take on a bluish tint. Increased sweating is possible.

All these signs manifest themselves at first and do not change over time. Exacerbation occurs with direct contact with the allergen. If symptoms appear, you should go to the hospital. If the voice becomes hoarse, inflammation of the larynx may develop. In the absence of normal treatment, complications will not keep you waiting.

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Allergic tracheobronchitis in a child

Allergic tracheobronchitis in a child is quite a developmental disease. It affects children of school and preschool age. Bacteria can cause problems. Allergy is a complete inconsistency of the body with the fact that foreign microorganisms with an adverse effect have entered it. The problem can arise against the background of taking medications and contact with industrial gases.

This disease manifests itself in children as complications after a cold. It occurs due to poor treatment or complete ignoring of it. The course of the disease is comparable to laryngitis. The baby's immune system is not so strong, so any stress can provoke the development of the disease. Improper nutrition can contribute to everything. For the current generation, this is a completely "normal" unfavorable factor.

It is not always easy to detect the presence of an allergic disease. After all, the main symptoms are a runny nose, coughing and sneezing. Often, parents confuse this manifestation with a common cold and initially begin the wrong treatment. It is difficult to recognize the disease at an early stage. Therefore, there is a possibility of making an incorrect diagnosis.

The main symptoms in children are a strong cough, typical for night time, malaise, rashes, sweating, chest pain and blue lips. During an exacerbation, the cough is most severe. Elimination of the disease is possible after the correct diagnosis.

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Consequences and complications

The consequences of allergic tracheobronchitis can become severe. In the absence of quality treatment, serious diseases may develop. Usually, respiratory problems develop into a more complicated form. A common allergy develops into bronchitis or pneumonia. These diseases are dangerous due to their complications. Especially pneumonia.

The existing process may be aggravated by the involvement of infection. This condition is characterized by an increase in temperature, and this happens quickly. Hard breathing is observed in the lungs, wheezing is pronounced. The person complains of general malaise. Symptoms of worsening intoxication are not excluded. Local dullness of sound is observed in the lungs.

Constant problems with the respiratory system can lead to neoplasms of any nature. If an allergen affects a person for a long time, then tracheitis can develop into allergic bronchitis. Difficulty breathing and attacks of suffocation are its main symptoms.

Complications of allergic tracheobronchitis are especially dangerous. Against the background of the presence of an untreated disease, pneumonia may develop. Moreover, the nature of pneumonia depends on the patient's immune system. The problem is often accompanied by bronchitis.

An illness involving an infection that is not treated in time is fraught with pronounced symptoms. The person suffers from a high temperature, and its jump can be sharp. The cough becomes stronger, breathing is difficult, but shortness of breath is not yet observed. If we are talking about pneumonia, then the person's condition as a whole worsens. Symptoms of general intoxication actively manifest themselves.

The constant presence of infection and changes in the mucous membrane of the trachea can provoke a neoplasm. Moreover, its nature can be both benign and malignant. If allergens actively affect the body, bronchial asthma occurs. It is difficult for a person to breathe, he is bothered by shortness of breath.

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Diagnosis of allergic tracheobronchitis

Diagnosis of allergic tracheobronchitis includes a whole range of research measures. First, the doctor listens to the patient and gets acquainted with the symptoms. After that, a general blood test is prescribed. It is necessary to identify eosinophilia, increased ESR and moderate leukocytosis. Then he begins to study the secreted sputum. Its nature is determined, it is usually glassy. It is diagnosed by the presence of eosinophils.

An important role is played by ordinary listening. Thanks to it, the lungs are listened to and the presence/absence of wheezing is diagnosed. They can be varied. However, it is difficult to determine the presence of tracheobronchitis based on one such study.

X-ray examinations of the lungs are an integral part of diagnostics. They can be used to exclude/confirm the presence of an inflammatory process in the lungs. Laryngoscopy is also performed. A visit to a pulmonologist and allergist is often mandatory.

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Tests

Tests for allergic tracheobronchitis are mandatory. Thanks to them, changes in the human body can be noticed. General blood tests are usually taken. It allows determining the presence of eosinophilia. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to diagnose an increased ESR.

A blood test can determine leukocytosis of any degree. Normally, it should be moderate. The attending physician prescribes blood donation. This is a mandatory procedure. It is not so easy to determine the presence of a problem based on the main symptoms and an X-ray examination. Other confirmations are needed. Therefore, a person takes a blood test. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to track the main indicators and find out what condition they are in. Without this data, a correct diagnosis is impossible. As a rule, blood is donated directly at the clinic, and the results are known within 24 hours. This is a necessary measure to compile a complete clinical picture.

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Instrumental diagnostics

Instrumental diagnostics of allergic tracheobronchitis includes a number of procedures, without which it is impossible to make a correct diagnosis. First of all, a person is sent for an X-ray of the lungs. This procedure allows you to see deviations in them, inflammatory processes and any other changes.

Laryngotracheoscopy is an instrumental diagnostic. This method is based on a complete examination of the respiratory tract using a special device called a laryngoscope. Pharyngoscopy plays an important role in the examination. This procedure involves examining the pharynx and pharynx using a special mirror.

In many cases, a simple examination of the throat is sufficient. In addition, a test for an allergic reaction is taken and auscultation is performed. With the help of tests, it is determined how exactly the allergen causes a reaction. This will allow the patient to be protected from direct contact with it. A diagnosis is made based on all the above procedures.

Differential diagnostics

Differential diagnostics of allergic tracheobronchitis also includes a number of special procedures. Initially, a person must pass a clinical blood test. Thanks to it, eosinophilia is determined. The norm of cell production is examined and how resistance is carried out when foreign microorganisms enter the body.

In addition to blood analysis, bacteriological sputum culture is performed. This procedure allows to exclude the infectious nature of the disease development. As is known, both bacteria and infections can provoke inflammation.

An important procedure is taking an allergy test. It allows you to determine your individual sensitivity to the main allergens. Based on the data obtained, a diagnosis is made. But its correct formulation is impossible without comprehensive data from an instrumental examination of the patient. Therefore, it is not worth separating the main diagnostic methods from each other; they “work” exclusively in combination.

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Treatment of allergic tracheobronchitis

Treatment of allergic tracheobronchitis is agreed upon with the attending physician. When the maximum tolerated dose of the main allergen is reached, treatment is continued using a maintenance dose.

Elimination of the disease in children is carried out with the help of specific hyposensitization. This method gives a positive result. The existing pathological process is not capable of developing into bronchial asthma. Therefore, the procedure completely excludes the possibility of serious complications.

Non-specific therapy includes a number of basic drugs. Histaglobulin, Sodium Nucleinate, Pentoxil are widely used. Antihistamines have an anti-allergic effect. These include Pipolfen, Dimedrol, Tavegil. A detailed description of these drugs will be presented below.

Physiotherapeutic procedures play a significant role. Ultraviolet rays are often used. It is recommended to resort to therapeutic gymnastics and general massage. Elimination of the disease in adults is impossible without complete cessation of smoking. In some cases, a change of job and even place of residence is required.

Drug treatment

Medicines for allergic tracheobronchitis are prescribed by the attending physician, based on the general condition of the patient. First of all, it is necessary to completely exclude the possibility of the allergen entering the human body. Medicines should completely suppress the allergic reaction, as well as relieve the main symptoms.

Allergy can be reduced with such drugs as Taveig, Suprastin and Diazolin. It is often recommended to use Suprastin directly. These can be either tablets or injection solution. The drug is prescribed for children and adults. It is recommended to use one tablet 3 times a day. If the drug is administered intramuscularly, then 1-2 ml is enough. Children under 14 years of age should take half a tablet, also 3 times a day. The drug has pronounced side effects. They consist of general weakness and dizziness. The main contraindications include possible stomach ulcers, prostate adenoma.

Tavegil is widely used in any form. It is not necessary to take it often, because the positive effect lasts for 7 hours. One tablet twice a day is enough. It is not recommended for children under one year old. This ban applies to pregnant girls and nursing mothers. Side effects include increased fatigue, headache, tinnitus. Gastrointestinal disorders are possible. People with increased hypersensitivity to its main components should not take the drug.

To eliminate cough, a specialist will definitely prescribe special medications. Broncholitin and Pertussin are often recommended. These are syrups that need to be taken 2 times a day, one tablespoon at a time. You can resort to using tablets. The most recommended are Mucaltin and Bromhexine. They need to be taken 1-2 tablets 3 times a day.

Volmax will significantly reduce the frequency of coughing fits. It will restore bronchial patency and ease the person's condition. It should be taken at 8 mg no more than 2 times a day. 4 mg is enough for a child. Like any other medication, this one has side effects. They manifest themselves in the form of headaches, hand tremors and tachycardia. There are contraindications: pregnancy, lactation period and sensitivity to the components of the drug.

If the above medications do not have the desired effect, glucocorticoids come to the rescue. These include Flunisolide, Cutivate, Fluticasone. These drugs have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. Even small children can take them. The dosage is prescribed individually.

Singlon for allergic tracheobronchitis

The drug singlon is widely accepted for allergic tracheobronchitis. It can be used by both adults and children. The drug is prescribed 1 tablet in the evening. This dosage is relevant only for children under 5 years of age. From 6 to 14 years old, 5 mg of the drug is prescribed, also in the evening. The drug should be taken an hour before meals or 2 hours after meals. Dose adjustment is not required.

The effect of taking the drug is observed in the first day. Despite this, the use of the drug should be continued, even during the period of significant improvement. The dose is adjusted for people with renal failure.

The drug does not exclude the possibility of overdose. It is characterized by the appearance of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system. Headache, abdominal pain and thirst often appear. Overdose occurs only with an unplanned increase in dose. Side effects from the digestive tract are also possible. Increased allergic reactions are possible. The drug should not be taken in case of increased hypersensitivity, pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Folk remedies

Folk treatment of allergic tracheobronchitis is not excluded, but is carried out exclusively with the permission of a doctor. There are a couple of basic recipes that show the most pronounced effectiveness.

• Recipe 1. You need to take 30 grams of marshmallow roots. The ingredient is poured with cold water, in small quantities. It is enough for the roots to be completely immersed in the liquid. All this is left alone for a day. During this period, the roots will be able to secrete a special mucus, which is mixed with 100 ml of vodka. The resulting remedy is again infused for a day. It should be taken in a small dosage, until the cough is completely eliminated.
• Recipe 2. Take a liter jar of hay dust and pour it into a saucepan. Fill the ingredient with water in such a quantity that the raw material is completely covered. Put the saucepan on the fire and boil for 15 minutes. Then remove the product from the fire and leave it to infuse for 45 minutes. The resulting decoction is used for a bath. It should be taken every other day, and you should stay in it for at least 15 minutes. In total, you should take a course of ten baths. On the days of the so-called break, you can use an infusion of violets. To do this, take the main ingredient, pour a glass of boiling water over it. All this is simmered in a water bath and infused. You need to take the product 3 times a day, half a glass at a time, but strain it before that.

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Herbal treatment

Herbal treatment of allergic tracheobronchitis is possible only in combination with other methods and after approval of the attending physician. For a wet unpleasant cough, it is recommended to use dried herbs. Thus, sage, alder and oak bark are suitable. It is recommended to take the remedies in the form of tinctures. To speed up the recovery process, it is worth paying attention to expectorant herbs. This can be European asarum, medicinal sweet clover and hyssop. Decoctions are prepared with special care.

Thyme and wild rosemary have good antibacterial properties. Basil and eucalyptus have a similar effect. Calendula is also suitable. If the disease is fungal, then yarrow should be taken.

A universal recipe that helps speed up the recovery process. For preparation, take black elderberry flowers, 5 tablespoons are enough. To this ingredient, add 3 tablespoons of sundew herb and 4 tablespoons of plantain. It is necessary to take 2 tablespoons of the resulting collection and pour 600 ml of boiling water. Steam the product all night, and in the morning place it in a water bath for about 15 minutes. After which everything is filtered, squeezed out and taken half a glass 4-5 times a day.

Homeopathy

Homeopathy for allergic tracheobronchitis is not so widespread. But, nevertheless, the use of this method is effective. Complex drugs that are often used: Aconitum, Apis, Arnica, Belladonna. But these are not all the medications. For understanding, it is worth characterizing these excerpts a little.

• Aconitum. It is used in acute inflammatory processes. It perfectly eliminates the first symptoms of the disease and promotes rapid relief of the person's condition.
• Apis. Eliminates inflammatory processes that are accompanied by severe swelling. Widely used for bronchitis, tracheobronchitis.
• Arnica. Eliminates bleeding of any genesis. Fights flu, acute tonsillitis. Provides quick relief.
• Belladonna. The main purpose is to combat inflammatory processes that have arisen in the upper respiratory tract. The dosage is prescribed by a doctor. These are homeopathic drugs, you can’t just use them.

Surgical treatment

Surgical treatment of allergic tracheobronchitis is not particularly used. Usually the problem is solved by medication. It is enough to correctly diagnose the disease and begin its treatment. To do this, when the first symptoms appear, you should immediately go to the hospital. Suppression of signs at the initial stage does not entail any complications.

Usually, a complex treatment of the disease is used. Medications alone are not always enough. They also resort to therapeutic gymnastics. Surgical intervention is not used only because it is not necessary. The swelling, therefore, will clearly not be removed.

As a rule, the problem arises due to the negative impact of some allergen on the body. If you eliminate it, isolate the person from contact with it, then the condition will improve on its own. Naturally, it will be difficult to achieve complete stabilization of the condition without medication. More detailed information can be provided by the attending physician.

Prevention of allergic tracheobronchitis

Prevention of allergic tracheobronchitis consists of eliminating the main irritants. If a person has pathologies of the respiratory organs, they must be eliminated. In order to exclude contact with the main allergens, it is worth adhering to the basic rules. In an apartment or house, it is necessary to do wet cleaning. It is done at least 2 times a week. Every week, bed linen should be changed.

In the room where a person suffering from allergic tracheobronchitis lives, it is necessary to remove carpets and upholstered furniture. Simply put, get rid of objects that accumulate the most dust. Plants should be eliminated. Soft toys should be completely removed from the children's room. Animals should not be allowed into the room, because they can cause an allergic reaction. Food products that negatively affect the patient's body are completely excluded.

The main method of prevention is timely elimination of problems with the respiratory system. It is important to maintain normal living conditions, constantly clean, and eliminate allergens. Most importantly, timely diagnosis of the problem can save you from many things in the future.

Prognosis of allergic tracheobronchitis

The prognosis for allergic tracheobronchitis is usually favorable, but everything depends on the person's condition and the reasons for the problem. So, if the allergy arose against the background of a previous illness, then it is worth looking at the root of the problem. This means that the previous illness was not properly eliminated. In this case, you should continue to fight the problem and protect the person from severe complications. All this entails an exceptionally favorable course.

If the problem was not identified immediately and gained momentum, the prognosis may not be encouraging. The fact is that allergic tracheobronchitis can arise against the background of a serious complication. And it itself can provoke the development of asthma and pneumonia. Therefore, the prognosis depends solely on the person's condition.

Only the attending physician can answer this question accurately, based on the condition of his patient. No one can say for sure what will happen next. Therefore, you should not delay treatment, then any prognosis will be extremely favorable.