Abaktal

If he speaks in a more generalized concept and about his actions on the body, then "Abaktal" has an antibacterial effect in relation to infectious diseases:

• urinary tract and kidney,
• with prostatitis, andexitis and similar infectious diseases of the small pelvis,
• respiratory tract and ENT organs and so on.

[1], [2]

Indications Abaktal

As we have already said, "Abaktal" is appointed by the doctor. Without his permission to buy this medicine is almost impossible.

So, in what cases can the doctor prescribe the treatment with this particular medicine? As a result of the presence of infections:

• in the kidney and urinary tract,
• in the organs of the small pelvis,
• in the divisions of the respiratory tract and ENT organs, immediately there is a severe form of external otitis, chronic sinusitis and the like,
• in the gastrointestinal tract, including typhoid fever, salmonellosis and others,
• in the liver and biliary tract,
• in the abdominal cavity, peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscesses inclusive,
• relative to the musculoskeletal system (joints, bones, connective tissues), in particular osteomyelitis,
• in soft tissues, caused by staphylococci or bacteria resistant to penicillin.

Also "Abaktal" is effective in infectious diseases such as gonorrhea, sepsis, bacterial endocarditis, meningeal infections. In addition, it is an ideal preventive tool for infections in people with immunodeficiency. Simultaneous reception with other antimicrobial agents is used as a monotherapy.

Release form

"Abaktal" has the shape of an oval tablet, which is covered with a white or yellowish film coat. The tablet itself has a horizontal separation in the form of a strip, each half of which is convex.

1 tablet contains pefloxacin mesylate dihydrate - 558, 5 mg, pefloxacin - 400 mg.

The auxiliary substances include:

• 32 mg of corn starch,
• 79.5 mg lactose monohydrate,
• 32 mg of povidone,
• 32 mg of sodium carboxymethyl starch,
• 27 mg of talc,
• 2 mg of silicon dioxide colloidal anhydrous,
• 7 mg magnesium stearate.

The tablet shell consists of:

• 13,166 mg of hypromellose,
• 2.09 mg of titanium dioxide,
• 854 μg talc,
• 400 - 1.79 mg of macrogol,
• 100 μg of carnauba wax.

"Abaktal" is sold in a cardboard package, where there is a blister with tablets (10 pieces in one blister). Instructions are also attached here.

As for "Abaktal" in the form of ampoules, a clear light yellow or yellow solution, which is intended for intravenous administration, where in one ampoule - 1 ml of liquid, which includes:

• 80 mg 400 mg pefloxacin in the form of mesylate,
• auxiliary components:
  • ascorbic acid,
  • sodium metabisulphite,
  • disodium edetate,
  • benzyl alcohol,
  • sodium bicarbonate,
  • distilled water.

Packing carton contains pallets with ampoules - 10 pieces.

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Pharmacodynamics

"Abaktal" is a part of a group of fluoroquinols, and is a synthetic antimicrobial agent. It has a bactericidal property that possesses versatile antibacterial actions.

Pefloxacin, which is the main component of Abaktal, performs the function of suppressing DNA replication, has an effect on RNA and on the course of biosynthesis of bacterial cells. It also has an overwhelming effect on aerobic microbes.

If we talk about gram-negative bacteria, they are susceptible to the action of the drug in any of their states, both at rest and in the fission phase. As for gram-positive bacteria, they are sensitized only in the process of division.

"Abaktal" is able to eliminate the following types of microbes in the human body:

• Escherichia coli,
• Enterobacter spp.,
• Citrobacter spp.,
• Indolepositive proteus,
• Haemophilus ducreyi,
• Haemophilus influenzae,
• Klebsiella spp.,
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae,
• Neisseria meningitidis,
• Proteus mirabilis,
• Pneumococcus spp.,
• Pseudomonas spp.,
• Salmonella spp and many others.

[4]

Pharmacokinetics

Suction

Pefloxacin, which is an active substance of "Abaktal", after ingestion, is easily removed from the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum peak is reached after 1 to 1.5 hours after use. Bioavailability is almost 100%.

[5], [6]

Distribution

The level of pooling of plasma with proteins is 25-30%.

Pefloxacin also enters the organs, tissues and body fluids at high speed, including mitral valve, aortic valves, cardiac muscle, abdominal cavity, bones, peritoneal fluid, prostate gland, gall bladder, sputum, saliva. The content of pefloxacin in the blood plasma is lower than in the mentioned liquids and tissues.

[7]

Metabolism and excretion

In the liver, Abaktal is biotransformed. If we talk about T1 / 2, then the figure is about this - 10.5 hours. With normal functioning of the kidneys and liver, about half of the injected leaves with urine in its natural form, and within 48 hours in the form of metabolites. Somewhere 20-30% of the active substance comes out with bile.

"Abaktal", the pharmacokinetics of which in special clinical cases:

If the patient has kidney dysfunction, then T1 / 2 and its plasma concentration remain unchanged.

If this question concerns the liver, then T1 / 2 - increases, and plasma concentration - decreases, and the difference in the figures is very significant.

Dosing and administration

And now, about the most important thing, how to apply "Abaktal":

• the average daily norm is 800 mg,
• the maximum is 1.2 g,
• appointment: 1 tablet (400 mg) 2 times a day after 12 hours.

For treatment of some infectious diseases associated with the genitourinary system resort to such proportions: in the morning or in the evening, that is, once a day - 400 mg of "Abaktal".

Uncomplicated gonorrhea, both in men and women, is treated in this way: a one-time daily intake of 800 mg.

Hepatic insufficiency is eliminated by such doses: 400 mg every day or every other day. Depends on the doctor's recommendations.

In order to avoid disturbances from the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to take the tablets in the process of eating.

In the form of infusion, "Abaktal" has such a dosage: 400 mg every 12 hours, the infusion duration is 1 hour. But, initially the contents in the ampoule, namely 400 mg are mixed with 5% dextrose or glucose solution - 250 ml. It is strictly forbidden to mix this preparation with a solution of sodium chloride, as well as with those solutions where chlorine ions are contained.

For preventive purposes that are related to infectious complications in surgery, intravenous administration of the medicine is prescribed, where a single dose is from 400 mg to 800 mg an hour before surgery.

In occasion of liver diseases: intravenous drip introduction - 8 mg / 1 kg of body weight. Infusion lasts an average of one hour.

Interval of infusion in patients with jaundice - 1 time per day; suffering from ascites once every 36 hours; and with jaundice and ascites - 1 time in two days.

Elderly people, especially when there are violations of the kidneys are recommended to reduce the dose regardless of the form of release of the drug, that is, both with intravenous administration, and when taken inside.

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Use Abaktal during pregnancy

Such a strong antibacterial drug, like "Abaktal" should not be taken during pregnancy or during lactation.

The fact is that the properties of this medication may have the most unpredictable effect on the health of the child, especially if you take into account its side effects or carefully consider contraindications.

Studies have shown that the active substance of the preparation - pefloxacin on pregnant women exerts toxic properties of monofluoroquinolones relative to cartilaginous tissue.

Therefore, during this period it is better to replace "Abaktal" with another drug, and breastfeeding mothers to stop the lactation process.

Contraindications

As already discussed above, pefloxacin has a negative effect on pregnancy and is contraindicated in women during breastfeeding. This category includes people who have not reached adulthood, with increased sensitivity to quinolones.

In addition, "Abaktal" is not recommended to appoint people with disorders from the central nervous system, including epileptic syndrome of unknown origin, with renal or hepatic insufficiency, or liver failure in acute form.

"Abaktal" should be taken or injected intravenously only under the strict guidance of a doctor, since his actions can cause significant harm to the body.

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Side effects Abaktal

Now consider the side effects that are possible as a result of the application of "Abaktal" in any of its pharmacological forms.

So, Abaktal is capable of producing such side effects:

A) from the digestive system:

• decreased appetite or complete loss of it,
• dyspepsia,
• nausea, vomiting and diarrhea,
• increased activity of hepatic enzymes,
• an increase in the level of bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase,
• rarely, but pseudomembranous colitis is possible;

B) from the central nervous system:

• headache and dizziness,
• anxiety, irritability, increased mental agitation,
• insomnia, depression,
• impaired vision,
• hallucinations, confused consciousness, tremor,
• rarely, but cramps are possible;

C) from the urinary system:

• hematuria,
• crystalluria,
• rarely: interstitial nephritis;

D) from the musculoskeletal system:

• arthralgia,
• myalgia,
• tendonitis,
• rarely: rupture of the Achilles tendon.

Among other things, Abaktal can provoke a local reaction - phlebitis. Dermatological problems are possible, here too: itching and skin rash, including hives, redness of the skin. The variant of transient changes concerning peripheral blood is not excluded.

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Overdose

"Abaktal" as a result of an overdose can provoke such negative consequences:

• nausea, vomiting,
• mental agitation, confused consciousness,
• severe situations: convulsions, loss of consciousness.

Treatment involves washing the stomach and using activated charcoal. At the same time, control from the side of medicine should be provided, namely, it is necessary to regulate the provision of the body with a sufficient amount of liquid. If necessary, symptomatic therapy is performed. Hemodialysis is not able to release the body from quinolone derivatives.

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Interactions with other drugs

If "Abaktal" is used simultaneously with antacids, which contain magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide, then the action of pefloxacin occurs in a delayed action. Therefore, the period between doses of drugs should be at least two hours.

With the simultaneous reception of "Abaktal" with "Ranitidine" or "Cimetidine" T1 / 2 pefloxacin increases.

"Abaktal" and indirect anticoagulants can enhance the effect of anticoagulants.

As a result of simultaneous administration with fluoroquinolones and cyclosporine, it is possible to increase the content of creatine and cyclosporine in the blood.

When combined with chloramphenicol or tetracyclines acts antagonistically.

The active component of "Abaktal" - pefloxacin is by no means mixed with solutions containing chlorine ions as precipitation is possible.

[14], [15], [16]

Storage conditions

Any medical device requires the right storage conditions. "Abaktal" is not an exception, therefore, and for him there are certain indications:

• to store the medicine you need a dark and dry place. Light and heat can heat the medicine, as a result, its therapeutic properties are lost. Storage temperature should not exceed 25 ° C,
• the drug has a whole list of contraindications, among them persons up to 18 years of age, which means that the action of Abaktal can adversely affect the child's health. Consequently, access to children is absolutely limited,
• again due to the presence of contraindications, side effects and processes as a result of simultaneous reception with other medications, "Abaktal" should be stored in the package along with the instructions.

Special instructions

The drug is dispensed in pharmacies strictly according to the prescription of the doctor, as his actions are suitable, far, not all. And in case of a wrong reception or ignorance of possible side effects, contraindications, the producer of Abaktal is not responsible. Therefore, only the doctor can determine and establish the methods of application and duration of treatment.

Shelf life

With proper storage, "Abaktal", both in ampoules and in tablets, is suitable for 3 years. In case of unsuitable conditions for storage of the medicinal product, the shelf life may significantly decrease, for which the manufacturer is not liable.

Before buying a drug, you should pay attention to the release date, as after 3 years, its medicinal properties will be exhausted.

If there is an overdue medication, regardless of whether it is in the ampoules of Abaktal or in tablets, it should be discarded. No wonder the producers specify dates on the packaging!

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