Symptoms and diseases caused by human papillomavirus

From the provoking factors, the symptoms of HPV depend, that is, there is no single clinical picture of papillomatosis. In children and people with a weakened immune system, the appearance of signs of the disease is much higher than in the rest.

But we can distinguish a number of symptoms that almost all infected people face:

• Education on the skin and mucous membranes of warts and papillomatous growths.
• Redness of the tissues, burning, irritation and itching.
• Discomfort during urination and sexual intercourse with genital lesions.

Most often, tumors have such a localization:

• The skin of the palms and feet.
• Genital organs and perianal region.
• Oral cavity.
• Neck and shoulders.

In especially severe cases, the infection develops in the cervix, bladder and vagina. Subclinical forms occur with the appearance of papillomas, prone to endophytic growth. Many patients do not pay due attention to the early stages of the disease, which leads to malignant neoplasms.

Psychosomatics

Psychological factors in combination with a weakened immune system are the psychosomatics of HPV. According to medical statistics, 80% of the population has the HPV virus. It was noted that the incubation period of infection in different patients has a different duration. In some, neoplasms appear one month after infection, and others can pass all the life with an infection.

• Sometimes the warts recur after their surgical removal. In this case, the process of their re-emergence is psychosomatic. This indicates that the infection is closely related to psychological problems, that is, organic disorders of the body.
• Another example of psychosomatics is the localization of papillomatosis. Scientists explain this by saying that the body warns about the appearance of problems, causing deformation of the skin and mucous membranes.
• Psychologists in turn argue that with HPV more often people who have suffered a recent severe stress or resentment. Also those who have a hereditary predisposition to psychological illnesses are susceptible to infection.

The treatment of psychosomatic papillomatosis requires a comprehensive approach. Therapy consists of communication with a psychotherapist and a course of drug therapy. Patients are prescribed antidepressants and sedatives, which help to minimize feelings of anxiety and depression. In especially severe cases, tranquilizers are used, as they eliminate fears, do not cause drowsiness and restore the functioning of the autonomic nervous system.

The prognosis for recovery depends on the patient's ability to withstand stress and other negative psychological factors.

Human papillomavirus in women

The appearance on the body of women of various skin growths such as papillomas and warts indicates infection with papillomavirus. Infection occurs in different ways, the main path of viral invasion is sexual contact with a sick person. It is also possible to transfer from mother to child or from household contact.

Getting into a healthy organism the infection can be in a dormant state for a long period of time. When certain factors work, she wakes up and attacks the immune system. Women have such risk factors for HPV:

• Early sexual life.
• Frequent change of sexual partners.
• Frequent abortions.
• Bad habits.
• Reduced immune system.
• Unprotected sex.
• Metabolic disorders.
• Gastritis and other gastrointestinal diseases with microflora disorders.
• Gynecological problems.
• Frequent visits to the swimming pool, saunas, bathhouses and other public places with high humidity.

The symptoms of infection, localization and the shape of skin defects depend on the genotype of papillomatosis. Most often, women face such manifestations of the disease:

• Genital warts (genital warts) - occur on the genitals, accompanied by itching, burning, irritation of the affected tissues and mucous membranes.
• Cervical dysplasia is a precancerous condition caused by HPV of high oncogenic risk.
• Flat warts cervical uteri - the most dangerous manifestation of the virus, leads to pathological changes in the body's epithelial cells.
• Cervical cancer is a malignant degeneration of the infection, most often 16 and 18 genotypes.
• Plantar warts are painful outgrowths on the feet, arising from the increased epidermal overgrowth.

The main symptoms of lesions of the genitalia are:

• Itching and burning.
• Atypical discharge.
• Painful urination.
• Discomfort during intercourse.
• Kondilomatoz.

Often the infection remains unnoticed against the background of inflammatory lesions of the reproductive system: vulvovaginitis, erosion and other. Also very often HPV occurs with other STDs: herpes, syphilis, chlamydia.

A set of laboratory and instrumental methods is used to diagnose infection. Treatment consists of local therapy, that is, the removal of altered tissues and the course of antiviral medicines. Particular attention is paid to strengthening the immune system with vitamins and immunomodulators.

Human papillomavirus and infertility

According to medical statistics, Human papillomavirus is more often diagnosed in women after 30 years. In this case, the patient may not even suspect about the infection, because clinically the virus does not manifest itself. Many women identify this problem during the gynecological examination due to the inability to become pregnant.

Infertility due to HPV is most often associated with the defeat of the cervical virus and other organs of the reproductive system. Because of the asymptomatic course of the disease, its diagnosis and treatment are carried out at advanced stages, which reduces the ability of conception to zero.

Regular gynecological examinations, that is, qualitative and timely diagnostics, help to identify the problem at an early stage. Thanks to this, a complex of therapeutic measures is carried out, which have high effectiveness, allowing a woman to become pregnant and have healthy children.

Human papillomavirus in pregnancy

Particular danger of papillomatosis is for pregnant women. The cause of danger is associated with a high risk of transmission of infection to a future child during fetal development or during childbirth. Studies have shown that about 25% of women face HPV during gestation. In this case, the activation of the virus is directly related to the restructuring of the body due to pregnancy.

A weakened immune system in combination with a violation of physiological and physicochemical processes in the body leads to the fact that the virus begins to manifest itself. That is, pregnancy is the optimal condition for the development of the problem. The disease manifests itself papillomatous and condylomatous growths on the skin and mucous membranes. The localization of neoplasms is very different, they occur on the genitalia, in the prianal and periorbital region, on the face, neck, feet and other parts of the body.

At the planning stage of pregnancy, all women should be screened for Human papillomavirus. If it is revealed, doctors recommend not to rush with the birth of a child and first to cure the infection. Treatment during pregnancy is carried out after the 28th week, when all the baby's organs are formed and can not suffer from the effects of the medicines used. Women with condylomata in the vagina are not recommended natural childbirth, because there is a risk of infection of the baby while passing through the sexual path.

Human papillomavirus in men

Men are the main carriers of HPV, while for them the infection is less dangerous than for women. But some genotypes can cause malignant processes in the body when they are untimely diagnosed and treated.

A feature of papillomatosis is that it can not manifest itself for a long period of time. Infection occurs in such ways:

• Unprotected sec with the carrier of the virus.
• Transfusion of blood from the patient to the healthy.
• Use of non-sterile medical instruments.
• The use of common objects of everyday life and personal hygiene.
• Bad habits.

The human papillomavirus is not transmitted by air, only contact or sex. Symptoms of infection are felt when the immune system is weakened. Most men have these symptoms:

• Warts - growths have different localization, they occur both on the skin and on the mucous membranes.
• Papillomas are a clear symptom of HPV. Neoplasms are soft, of different shape, color and size.
• Condylomas - similar to warts, but have a pointed form and are localized to the mucous genitalia.
• Papulosis - a vast appearance of warts of different colors and sizes. Disease is dangerous because of the risk of injury to the growths and their malignancy.

In most cases, treatment begins after the appearance of cutaneous neoplasms. In this case, according to statistics, 9 out of 10 men have immunity suppresses the virus, so therapy is not required. But in 10% of infected, the infection passes into a chronic form and entails pathological oncological processes.

Treatment of HPV reduces to surgical removal of skin changes and medicamentous effects on the pathogen. Also shown is the strengthening of the immune system with the help of vitamin preparations and a balanced diet.

Human papilloma virus on the lips

The appearance of any neoplasms on the face, especially on the lips, causes significant aesthetic discomfort and psychological problems. Warts and papillomas indicate infection with Human papillomavirus. Infection with this pathogen is possible in such ways:

• Unprotected sexual intimacy.
• Contact infection in the home.
• Intrauterine infection or in the generic process.

The adipose is localized both on the visible surface of the lips and on the inner mucosa. Their appearance is associated with the activation of the virus, which for a long time may be in a depressed state. The development of the disease contributes to weak immunity, avitaminosis, bad habits, pregnancy, malnutrition, chronic diseases, non-compliance with personal hygiene.

When a papilloma appears on the lip, you should carefully examine the skin and mucous membranes in search of other growths. Their trauma causes severe bleeding and increases the risk of infection that facilitates the transformation of a defect into a malignant tumor.

Treatment is done to suppress the virus in the body and eliminate the cosmetic problem. Patients are prescribed antiviral and immune-enhancing drugs. Removal of proliferation occurs with the help of laser, electrocoagulation, cryodestruction and other surgical methods.

Human papilloma virus in the mouth, in the tongue

Oral cavity is a common localization of papillomatosis. Sprains can occur not only in the tongue, but also on the mucous membranes of the mouth. They are in the form of tubercles and elongated processes. Very often they are formed on the hard palate, the tip, the lateral surface and the back of the tongue, in the hyoid area. The peculiarity of such skin defects is the increased risk of their traumatization.

The appearance of papillomas is associated with 1, 2, 3, 16 and 18 genotype infections. The virus penetrates into the body in several ways: through microtraumas, with unprotected oral sex or using personal hygiene items of the infected. Frequent stress, poor nutrition and chronic diseases also contribute to HPV.

The most common problem is women and children, but there are cases of infection of men. Consider the peculiarities of HPV in the oral cavity and the main localization of growths:

• Warts - altered tissues in the form of a flat, rounded tubercle with clearly defined and slightly elevated borders. Have a darker color than healthy tissue. Can be located on the root and back of the tongue, reaching more than 2 cm in diameter. As a rule, they do not cause significant discomfort, but still need to be removed due to the risk of injury.
• Condylomas - spiky growths most often appear under the tongue or on it. Their occurrence is associated with a domestic or sexual infection. Without timely treatment, complicated by fungal infection, which exacerbates the painful condition.
• The sublingual area - under the tongue there are sprouting in the form of thin strings that hang from the surface of the tongue. The size of the lesion is 15-30 mm. Because of the large number of blood vessels and active participation in the process of eating food, they are easily traumatized, causing severe pain, bleeding and infection.
• The sky - in this area grow flat papillomas of large sizes. They practically do not differ from a healthy mucosa, but are slightly elevated and have a finely hummocky appearance. With growth, they can affect the tonsils and throat. They are found in children and people of advanced age.
• Desna - are located in a visually inaccessible place, so they are difficult to diagnose. Most often detected when you visit a dentist. The dimensions of the papillomas can exceed 15 mm. Their formation is directly related to diseases of teeth and gums, uncomfortable prostheses.
• Inside the cheek - the defect can be in the form of a tuberous tumor or filiform formation. The latter are more common in children. The appearance of HPV of this localization is associated with permanent microtrauma of the mucous cheeks with the use of a toothbrush, prostheses, staples, tires.

Treatment is most often medicated. Patients are prescribed drugs for oral administration, solutions for thorough sanitation of the oral cavity and means for applying directly to the growth. Surgical intervention is performed in rare cases, when neoplasms become larger and constantly increase, giving discomfort and disturbances to normal eating.

Human papillomavirus in the throat

A common problem with which the otolaryngologist is referred is papillomatosis in the throat. Neoplasm often has the form of a nipple, is localized to the mucous throat, causing significant discomfort. In rare cases, there are multiple growths that complicate the process of breathing.

The infected person faces such symptoms:

• Difficulties in swallowing.
• Sensation of foreign body in throat.
• Expressed painful sensations.
• Labored breathing.

Most often, such benign neoplasms occur in patients 2-5 years of age and in women 20-40 years. The main reason for their appearance is HPV exposure to the body due to non-observance of personal hygiene. Also, the infection can be associated with various infectious diseases, chronic pathologies, unprotected sex, bad habits and unbalanced nutrition.

The adolescents may have an innate character. This is possible when the virus is transmitted in utero or during the birth process, and if during pregnancy the woman has been infected with viral hepatitis, rubella, chlamydia or mycoplasmosis.

In the process of diagnosis, inexperienced doctors mistakenly take papillomas for enlarged tonsils. Treatment consists of a complex of medical methods. A surgical removal of the growths is mandatory. It is carried out by means of extrarhort or intra-oral methods. Preventive measures are also shown to enhance immunity.

Human papillomavirus on the genitals

Genital warts are a sign of HPV infection. They arise on the genitals, both in women and men. By their nature, genital warts are benign neoplasms, but due to the action of certain factors they can acquire an oncological status.

According to the studies, up to 70% of the population are carriers of infection. At the same time, about 35 of its varieties manifest themselves in the sexual sphere. In most cases, the disease develops gradually. From the moment of infection with a genotype with a low carcinogenicity until the appearance of clinical symptoms, it takes up to 3 months, and in some cases even longer.

The defeat of the genitals causes predominantly HPV types 6 and 11. Most often they have such a localization:

• The vestibule of the vagina.
• Clitoris.
• Cervix.
• Pubis and labia.
• Urethra.
• The head of the penis.
• The area around the anus.

Neoplasms are asymptomatic and are diagnosed accidentally when examined by a gynecologist or based on tests performed. The danger of skin growths is that with accidental trauma they can cause bleeding, pain and infection. Because of this, the risk of malignant degeneration significantly increases. In especially severe and neglected cases, genital papillomatosis leads to infertility. Also, there are high chances of infection of the child at the time of his passage through the sexual path.

The treatment is carried out with the help of medical and surgical methods. Regular examinations at the doctor, protected sex, personal hygiene, the treatment of chronic diseases and a healthy lifestyle, can prevent the infection of HPV.

Allocations for human papillomavirus

Human papillomavirus damaging the organs of the reproductive system causes various diseases. One of the symptoms of such lesions are secretions. In papillomatosis, the mucosal discharge consists of such components as ordinary mucus, deformed epithelial cells, microorganisms microflora. The change in mucus is due to the presence of infection in the body.

The appearance of atypical secretions may indicate such diseases caused by HPV infection:

• Colpitis is a thick, vaginal secret of milky color with an unpleasant odor.
• Erosive inflammation - lean venoms with blood veins and unpleasant odors. In rare cases, a purulent discharge appears.
• The development of malignant process - spotting as abundant and meager.
• Sexual infection - increased vaginal secretion, itching, painful sensations.
• Genital herpes - increased production of vaginal secretions in the second half of the menstrual cycle, itchy watery blisters on the mucous membranes and skin.

To determine the cause of the appearance of pathological discharge it is necessary to seek medical help and undergo a complex of both laboratory and instrumental examinations. Timely diagnosis will identify the cause of the disease and begin treatment.

[1], [2], [3], [4],

Diseases caused by human papillomavirus

Such a concept as human papilloma virus includes more than 120 strains capable of causing diseases of various organs and systems. Each virus has its own serial number and unique DNA.

The main transmission routes are sexual and contact. Proceeding from this, it can be concluded that the form of the infection depends on the type of virus, the path of infection and the individual characteristics of the patient's organism.

To date, these diseases are caused by Human papillomavirus:

• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
• Oncological lesions of the anus, vulva and vagina in women.
• Malignant neoplasms in the area of the anus and penis in men.
• Genital warts.
• The giant condyloma of Buschke-Levenshtein.
• Neoplasia of 2 and 3 degrees of severity.
• Cancer of the oral cavity and larynx.
• Bowen's disease.
• Erythroplasia of Keira.
• Dental complications and much more.

The main signs of the aforementioned diseases are: warts, papillomas, genital warts, non-condylomatous lesions of the genital organs, carcinomas. Timely appeal for medical help and treatment allows to avoid the transition of infection into a serious pathology.

[5], [6], [7], [8], [9],

Warts

A common benign formation on the skin, which consists of connective tissue and epithelium - is a wart. They arise due to infection with the human papillomavirus, have a variety of localization and several types:

• Vulgar (usual) - papules of round shape and small size. They have an uneven, rough surface with villi, papillae or cracks. The color of such neoplasms may not differ from healthy tissues, but warts from yellow to gray are found. Most often they are located on the back of the hand and fingers. The sprains can merge into large spots. Painless, but with regular trauma they become inflamed and begin to heal.
• Flat - rise above the surface of the skin. They have a flat and smooth surface and small dimensions. The color may be the same as the skin color, there are also blue and dark yellow warts. Most often appear on the back of the hands, neck, face. Are characterized by multiple rashes.
• Plantar - painful neoplasms, reminiscent of calluses of yellow color. They can rise above healthy tissues or grow in the form of a fossa in which the species bundles papillae. Appear on the sole of the feet and in the places of greatest friction / pressure.
• Pointed condylomas - are localized on the genitals, in the armpits and under the mammary glands. Externally reminiscent of cauliflower or a scallop of a cock.
• Seniors are benign neoplasm from the epithelium. Characterized by slow growth. At the initial stage, a brown spot appears, which gradually increases in size and can reach 6 cm in diameter. The surface of the wart is covered with crusts, which are easily removed. Localized most often in closed areas of the body, but can be formed on the face, neck, extremities, scalp.

The appearance of warts is associated with the infection of Human papillomavirus by contact or by using household items of the infected. The incubation period is from 1.5 to 6 months.

Treatment depends on the shape and location of the warts. At the same plantar and flat can disappear on their own. It is also worth noting that with prolonged trauma, the neoplasm becomes inflamed and has cancer risks. In other cases, surgical methods and conservative therapy are used to suppress infection in the body.

Cervical erosion

Very often erosion of the cervix and Human papillomavirus accompany each other. In this case, a woman may not even know about these diseases. Both problems lead to damage to the uterine epithelium, have an asymptomatic course in the early stages, and a risk of malignancy.

Ectopia or erosion is an inflammatory process that occurs in the uterine epithelium. Visually, it looks like a pink spot on healthy tissues. To make an accurate diagnosis, you need a gynecological examination and a number of laboratory tests. Very often, the disease occurs when the immune system is weakened and because of a number of other provoking factors.

There is also such a thing as pseudo-erosion. This is an anatomical feature of the body that occurs in women under 30, which does not require treatment. With pseudo-ectopy, the cylindrical epithelium leaves the vagina outside, replacing the flat one. This occurs with increased acidity of the microflora of the vagina.

Treatment of erosion is carried out with the help of anti-inflammatory and antiviral drugs. Also, patients are prescribed vaginal suppositories for local exposure to the lesion. In large and deep ulcers, cryodestruction of the affected tissues is performed. The treated surface gradually heals and leaves in the form of a crust during the next menstruation. In especially severe cases, an operation is performed, during which the upper layer of the cervix is removed under general anesthesia. Surgical methods are used to stop the inflammatory process and suppress papillomavirus to reduce the risk of recurrence of the disease.

[10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16]

Cervical cancer

The human papilloma virus and cervical cancer have a very close relationship. The presence of HPV contributes to the development of dysplasia, which is a risk factor for malignant organ damage. The risk of cancer processes increases significantly if there is a viral infection in the body of this type: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35. In this case, the reduction of local and general immunity acts as a trigger mechanism for the development of the disease.

Typically, the emergence of cervical cancer contributes to advanced dysplasia or erosion. A healthy organ is lined with multilayered flat epithelium. In pathological processes, both infectious and inflammatory, the structure of the epithelium and the structure of the cells are disrupted. HPV 16 often leads to squamous cell carcinoma, and type 18 in adenocarcinoma. In the early stages of the disease does not manifest itself, but as it progresses, this symptomatology appears:

• Bleeding outside menstruation.
• Bloody discharge from the genital tract.
• Abundant menstruation.
• Expressed pain in the lower abdomen.
• Pain during intercourse.

For the diagnosis of cancer and HPV, the patient should consult a gynecologist. After a thorough examination and colposcopy, the doctor will give a direction for ultrasound of the pelvic organs. Laboratory tests of smears, biopsy of affected tissues and their histological analysis are also shown.

Treatment depends on the stage of the oncological process. With the development of cancer, one antiviral therapy is not enough, therefore, surgical treatment is carried out with removal of the uterus and its appendages. In the future the patient will receive a course of chemotherapy or radiation irradiation. If a cancer is detected in the early stages, the prognosis for recovery is favorable.

[17], [18],

Genital herpes

The first place among viral infections of man and a serious medical and social problem is genital herpes. Papillomavirus is in second place. Statistics indicate that in the world about 90% of the population is infected with the herpes simplex virus and about 70% of Human papillomavirus.

Genital herpes and HPV have a number of similarities, and in some cases can occur simultaneously.

• Infection occurs mainly with unprotected sex.
• On the genitals are formed bubble formation, causing severe itching, burning and pain. While HPV does not cause pain, but manifests condylomas.
• Eruptions are localized on the large and small labia, the clitoris, the vagina and the cervix in women. In men, the foreskin, urethra, and glans penis are affected. Papillomas have a similar localization, but may also occur in the pranal area.

Without timely treatment, both infections can lead to a number of complications. In genital herpes - this is severe urogenital infectious processes, and with papillomatosis - oncology. Therapy is based on the intake of antiviral drugs and local treatment of neoplasms. Particular attention is paid to preventive measures and strengthening of the immune system.

Condyloma

Condoms are one of the signs and varieties of human papillomavirus infection. They represent benign neoplasms that affect the mucous membranes and skin of a person. The adolescents have a rather unpleasant appearance, their pointed papilliform form causes significant cosmetic problems and psychological discomfort. Most often such deformations are exposed to genitalia and intimate zones, places of friction of the skin, face, neck, arms, legs.

Condylomas differ inflammatory character and are mainly transmitted sexually. In rare cases, domestic contamination is possible. The incubation period from the moment of infection to the appearance of the first growths takes from 1 week to 6 months. At the same time, condyloma is able to grow to maximum size within a few hours. Neoplasms appear both in groups and singly.

Condylomas have several varieties:

• Wide - have a wide base, holding the build-up on the tissues. They appear with syphilis infection and represent the greatest danger in the defeat of the cervix. Broad growths change the structure of healthy tissues and contribute to their malignant transformation.
• Pointed (genital) - have a thin leg and lobular (papillate) structure. Appear on thin delicate skin and mucous membranes. Initially they are only a cosmetic defect, but when they are injured they begin to bleed and become inflamed, delivering painful sensations. There is a risk of their infection.

Treatment consists of surgical removal of genital warts and antiviral therapy. Patients are also prescribed drugs to strengthen the immune system.

[19], [20]

Cervical dysplasia

Precancerous, that is, an intermediate state between a healthy cervix of the uterus and its malignancy is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or dysplasia. According to WHO, more than 40 million women worldwide suffer from this pathology. In this case, ¾ patients have the first stage of the disease, while the rest of them are diagnosed in a neglected state.

In 99% of cases, dysplasia of the cervix arises from HPV. High oncogenicity with respect to this disease is characterized by 16 and 18 types of the virus, they are detected in 70% of patients. The remaining 30% progress less oncogenic strains: 31, 35, 39, 45, 51, 58. Under certain factors they lead to the development of a precancerous state.

The main reasons for the development of the disease and the activation of HPV are:

• Prolonged use of hormonal or intrauterine contraceptives (more than 5 years).
• A large number of births and abortions.
• Avitaminosis.
• Immunodeficiency conditions.
• Genetic predisposition.
• Early sexual life.
• Frequent change of sexual partners.
• Bad habits.

The peculiarity of CIN is that it can be absolutely asymptomatic for a long time. Dysplasia manifests itself in inflammatory processes in the vagina or cervix. In this case, symptoms characteristic of pathology arise:

• Discharge from the vagina of a pathological color and consistency.
• Itching and burning.
• Contact bleeding that occurs during sexual intercourse and when using hygiene tampons.
• Pain in the lower abdomen.

Most often, dysplasia diagnoses in women 30-35 years. For the transition of the disease to a precancerous and cancerous state takes time, usually a few years. Often, the disease is diagnosed with atypical discharge and pain, as well as during the next gynecological examination. To confirm the diagnosis, the patient undergoes advanced colposcopy, examination of smears and scrapings from the cervix. A biopsy of the affected tissues is mandatory, followed by a histological examination.

The treatment of cervical dysplasia caused by papillomatosis involves several specialists at the same time: gynecologist-endocrinologist, oncogynecologist and immunologist. Therapy consists in removing the affected area of the cervix and suppressing HPV. With early diagnosis, the prognosis is favorable, since the chances of a full recovery are 90%. In the treatment of advanced stages, there is a risk of recurrence of the disease. With repeated dysplasia, 40% of women are facing.

Carriers of human papillomavirus

Medical statistics indicate that about 70% of the world's population are carriers of papillomavirus.

• This infection leads to the appearance of skin outgrowths of different localization and shape.
• Papillomas grow not only on the skin, but also on the mucous membranes.
• The virus is diverse, there are more than 120 of its strains. Some of them are absolutely safe, others on the contrary can cause malignant processes.
• The greatest danger is represented by genotypes of HPV with high oncogenic risk.

The infection spread among women. To date, HPV ranks second among viral infections of the female genital area, second only to genital herpes. Infection occurs by contact. The virus is transmitted by interaction with the mucous membranes or skin of an infected person. There are also carriers of the virus, which have been inherited by him, that is, from an infected mother.

Infection can for a long time be in the body in a depressed state. Reduction of the immune system leads to its activation. Infected cells begin to grow actively, damaging healthy tissues and provoking the appearance of many new papillomas.

[21], [22], [23], [24]