Frequent urge to urinate in women

Pollakiuria is a frequent urination. In women, it is most often detected. Consider the main causes of the disease state, methods of diagnosis and elimination.

Emptying the bladder is a normal process of functioning of any living being. It is the excretion of excess fluid from the body through the urinary system. Then how often you need to visit the toilet, completely depends on the characteristics of each person, the amount of fluid used and a number of other factors. Average statistical data indicate that an adult can go to the toilet a little about 10 times a day. If this indicator is exceeded, then it is worth paying attention to your health.

Regular desires are included in the concept of dysuric syndrome. Pathology includes the symptoms of urinary incontinence, changes in the properties and amount of urine, false urges, urinary retention, and abdominal pain. According to the international classification of diseases ICD-10, the disorder belongs to the category:

XVIII Symptoms, signs and abnormalities found in clinical and laboratory studies not elsewhere classified (R00-R99)

• R30-R39 Symptoms and signs related to the urinary system
• R35 Polyuria - frequent urination, polyuria night (nocturia). Excluded psychogenic polyuria.

Regular urination in the toilet causes serious discomfort, interfering with normal life. If this symptom has a short-term character, for example 1-2 days, then you should not worry. But if the situation drags on and progresses, then you should seek medical help.

[1], [2]

Causes of the frequent urination in women

There are many factors that lead to disorders of the urinary system. The causes of frequent urge to urinate in women in most cases are associated with pathological processes in the organs and structures of the urinary system. An unpleasant condition can arise because of such reasons:

1. Pathologies of the urinary system (infectious and inflammatory diseases).

• Cystitis - urge to the toilet accompanied by burning and cutting pain. After emptying the bladder, the feeling of fullness remains, which makes you go to the toilet again. Urine becomes turbid, gets an unpleasant smell.
• Urethritis - emptying causes severe pain. Pain burning with itching and burning.
• Pyelonephritis is manifested by dull aching battles in the lumbar region. When the painful condition worsens, there is a sharp rise in temperature, chills, increased weakness, nausea.
• Urolithiasis - in this case, the urge to urinate is associated with concrements in the bladder. Desires in the toilet occur quite sharply, can be triggered by physical activity. It is also possible to interrupt the jet before the urinary emptied. There are pains in the lower abdomen and above the pubis, both at rest and during movement.
• Weakness of the muscular wall of the bladder - urge to the toilet is sharp, a small amount of liquid is released.
• Hyperactive bladder - nervous experiencing and stress provoke the urge to emptying. This condition has a central origin - the pathological excitability of the nervous system.
• Candidiasis - thrush is a fairly common cause of an unpleasant condition. It occurs against the background of a weakened immune system, malnutrition, hormonal imbalance, permanent stress. It is accompanied by cheesy discharge from the vagina, itching, burning, pain during sexual intercourse.

2. A secondary symptom of various diseases of the body.

• Myoma of the uterus is a benign tumor that compresses the bladder. The painful condition develops gradually. There are violations of the menstrual cycle, painful sensations in the lower abdomen, uterine bleeding and others.
• Omission of the uterus - arises from the weakness of the ligamentous apparatus. It is characterized by displacement of organs and tissues of the small pelvis. It manifests itself with pains in the lower abdomen, with abundant menstruation.
• Renal failure - develops due to chronic lesions of the excretory system. It is most often associated with pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, glomerulonephritis, polycytosis. Desires in the toilet make themselves felt, both during the day and at night.
• Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disease. On its background there is a strong thirst, itchy skin, increased weakness and fatigue.
• Non-diabetes mellitus is associated with dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary system. The daily volume of the released liquid can be increased to five liters. Patients suffer great thirst, dry skin and mucous membranes, a sharp and rapid weight loss.
• Injuries to the spinal cord - any mechanical effect on the spine can provoke pollakiuria and a number of other pathological symptoms.
• Cardiovascular diseases - failure of cardiac activity is accompanied by a strong puffiness, which comes down at night through increased urination.

3. Physiological causes.

• Features of nutrition and diet - the use of liquids and products with diuretic properties.
• Stress and nervous experiences - cause oxygen starvation, which leads to urge in the toilet.
• Taking medications - most often diuretics, which have a diuretic effect.
• Early pregnancy - the growth of the uterus leads to a squeezing of the bladder.
• Subcooling the body - is characterized by compensatory frequency of urination.

If the causes of an unpleasant condition are associated with pathologies from the genitourinary system or diseases of the body, then comprehensive diagnosis and treatment is indicated. In the case of physiological factors, treatment is not carried out. As a rule, after self-elimination of provoking situations, the condition is normalized.

[3], [4], [5]

Risk factors

Regular urination in the toilet causes significant discomfort, both physical and psychological. Risk factors for an unpleasant condition are more often associated with:

• Stresses, nervous experiences, depressive state.
• Use of drugs with a diuretic effect.
• Drinking lots of water, herbal teas, juices, coffee.
• Malnutrition: fatty food, salty, spicy, spicy.
• Prolonged cooling of the body, especially the legs.
• Pregnancy.
• Age changes (climax).
• Menstruation.
• Infection due to lack of hygiene of the intimate zone.
• Regular use of beer and other alcoholic beverages.

In most cases, when the above factors are eliminated, the urinary process is normalized.

[6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]

Pathogenesis

Frequent urination is most often associated with lower urinary tract diseases. The pathogenesis of pollakiuria is based on irritation of the mucous membrane of the urethra or the urinary bladder (the region of the bottom of the bladder, between the ureteral orifices and the internal opening of the urethra). If there is an inflammatory process, then when urine is allocated, burning, rez, and pain are felt.

Irritation of the bladder triangle causes organ contractions, which leads to constant, and in some cases painful, urge to urinate. The pathological condition can be the result of infection of the upper urinary tract. In this case, a painful condition is associated with a decrease in the concentration ability of the kidneys.

[12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18]

Epidemiology

Many women face the problem of urination disorders. Statistics indicate that about 29% of girls of reproductive age and about 24% of women in the pre-menopausal period suffer from bladder dysfunction.

Let's consider frequency of occurrence and dynamics of development of an unpleasant symptom:

• Women 18-35 + - this age category usually faces urinary tract infections. Because of untimely diagnosis and treatment, the acute condition passes into a chronic form, manifested by frequent urge to toilet in a small way.
• Women 45+ - menopause is characterized by a lower production of estrogen (female sex hormone). Because of this in the small pelvis, stagnation can occur, as well as various disorders of urination, decreased physical activity, constipation, weight gain. Many women 50-55 years old face with a syndrome of a hyperactive bladder and stress urinary incontinence.

Statistical data makes it possible to compare the symptoms of pollakiuria with the age-related features of the patient.

[19], [20], [21],

Symptoms

Features of the anatomical and physiological structure of the urethra lead to the fact that it is women who most often face a dysuric syndrome. Symptoms of pollakiuria depend on its underlying cause, the age of the patient and the characteristics of her body.

In most cases, patients complain of such a symptom complex:

• Pain and eruptions, incomplete emptying of the bladder (cystitis).
• Burning after urination (urinary tract infection).
• Increased body temperature with dysuria (venereal diseases, urogenital tuberculosis).
• Discomfort in the lumbar region (pyelonephritis).
• Excretion of pus during urination (chlamydia, gonorrhea).
• Pain in the lower abdomen (gynecological diseases, urinary tract infections).
• Frequent desire to urinate and delay menstruation (pregnancy).
• Pain in the end of urination (urethritis, cystitis).

The above symptoms are the reason for seeking medical help. Without appropriate treatment, the painful condition will progress, and the symptomatology will gradually increase.

[22]

First signs

On average, an adult visits the toilet 6-10 times a day, while he can freely control the process of urination. The first signs of frustration are manifested by increased hikes in a small way. Against this background, there may be symptomatology, indicating the pathological processes in the body:

• Burning, rezi and pain when urinating.
• Itching and burning in the vagina and in the area of the external genitalia.
• Rapid urination in women without pain.
• Increased body temperature.
• Isolation of urine with an unpleasant odor and turbid consistency.
• Pain in the lower abdomen.
• Rapid urination during menstruation.
• General weakness and fatigue.
• Disorders of appetite.
• Rapid urination as the first sign of pregnancy.

If the regularity of going to the toilet and concomitant symptoms disrupts the normal rhythm of life, then you should seek medical help.

[23]

Diagnostics of the frequent urination in women

Since pollakiuria is not an independent disease, but arises from other pathologies, a complex diagnosis of frequent urge to urinate is required to establish an accurate diagnosis. In women, examinations begin with a visit to a gynecologist and a number of other specialists (psychologist, psychotherapist, nephrologist, endocrinologist).

1. Anamnesis history

At this stage, the doctor determines whether the disorder is a consequence of the disease of the genitourinary tract or other organs and systems. Often, pathology is associated with sexually transmitted diseases.

The doctor may also ask you to keep a diary for several days. The patient should record the amount of fluid drunk per day, the frequency of trips to the toilet and the presence of concomitant symptoms. This will help to determine the cause of the violation more accurately.

2. Physical examination

The doctor measures body temperature, blood pressure, pulse. Palpable abdomen with special attention to the kidneys and hypogastrium. Also examines and probes the lower back. When gynecological examination can be detected atrophy of the external urethral opening, loss of its walls or a benign tumor such as caruncle.

3. Laboratory and instrumental research

The patient is assigned a set of different analyzes. Most often, this is an express urine test with the help of test strips, microscopy and culture of urine, microscopy of the discharge from the urethra and even a pregnancy test. It is also necessary to pass blood tests to determine the general condition of the body and the presence of inflammatory processes. Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs is mandatory.

If the complex of the above-listed examinations does not allow the final diagnosis, then differential diagnosis is performed.

Analyzes

Laboratory studies of pollakiuria are conducted both at the stage of diagnosis and during treatment. Basic tests assigned to patients:

• General blood test - blood sugar level, glucose tolerance, glycosylated hemoglobin. Allows you to exclude diabetes.
• Biochemical blood test - determines the amount of uric acid, creatinine, urea. Exceeding the norm of these indicators indicates pyelonephritis or development of urolithiasis.
• Clinical urinalysis is the most important study. It allows to reveal inflammatory processes in the kidneys and bladder. Determines the number of leukocytes and red blood cells. The detected protein indicates a pathological condition. If there is mucus, then this is a sign of urolithiasis.
• Urinalysis by Nechiporenko - determines the number of white blood cells, red blood cells, cylinders and other components, the presence of which can indicate the cause of the disorder.

In addition to the above tests, crops are sown, and microscopy is separated from the urethra.

[24], [25], [26], [27]

Instrumental diagnostics

An integrated approach to determining the causes of bladder dysfunction in women, necessarily includes instrumental diagnostics. This method consists of such mandatory examinations:

• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.
• Ultrasound of the bladder.
• Kidney ultrasound.
• Uroflowmetry is the determination of the flow rate of urine.
• Complex urodynamic study.

If necessary, additional examinations, such as:

• Excretory urography. The first method is an X-ray of the body region at the level of the location of the kidneys, and the second is the X-ray of the kidneys and urinary tracts by intravenous radiocontrast.
• Computer tomography is an x-ray method, which allows obtaining a layered image of tissues.
• Cystography is the radiography of the bladder after it has been filled with a special substance.
• Urethrography - X-ray examination of the urethra after its filling with a special substance.

Instrumental diagnostics in combination with the results of the analyzes, allow us to draw conclusions about the possible causes of the disease state.

Differential diagnosis

Dysuric syndrome develops for many reasons, differential diagnosis can establish the true factors of the disease state. Pollakuria is most often compared with such disorders of the genitourinary system:

Disease	Characteristic	Additional symptoms
Neurogenic bladder dysfunction:
Hyperreflective	Complex of dysuric symptoms (pollakiuria, incontinence, enuresis).	Encopresis (stool incontinence)
Hyperreflective	Desires for urination are absent or mild, urine retention.	Constipation
Microbial-inflammatory diseases of the urinary system:
Cystitis (acute, chronic)	Pain during urination, rez, burning, enuresis, frequent false desires.	Discomfort in the abdomen, elevated body temperature, replenish blood in urine.
Pyelonephritis (acute, chronic)	Frequent painful urge to the toilet, burning, rubbing, itching.	Increased body temperature, dyspeptic disorders, abdominal and lower back pain, increased blood pressure.
Urolithiasis disease	Concrements cause pollakiuria, pain in the emptying of the bladder, discontinuity of the jet.	Pain sensations such as colic, irradiation of discomfort in the genitals.
Chlamydial reflux	Symptoms of urethritis and pyelonephritis, pain in the side and lower back.	Accession of secondary infection and signs of body intoxication.
Injuries:
Rupture of the bladder	With intraperitoneal rupture it is difficult to go to the toilet, since urine enters the abdominal cavity. Urination is painful with the discharge of small portions of liquid, bloody impurities.	Pain in the lower abdomen, irritation of the peritoneum, nausea and vomiting, sharp soreness and swelling above the pubis.
Damage to the urethra	Retention of urine in combination with frequent urges, sensation of raspiraniya in the perineum.	Isolation of blood from the urethra, hematoma in the perineum.
Malformations of the urinary and reproductive systems:
Infravesical obstruction	Regular urination to the toilet, urinary incontinence, flaccid intermittent stream.	Accession of secondary infection.
Urethrocele	Delayed urination with false urges due to incomplete closure of the neck of the bladder.	Dull aching pain in the lumbar region.
Diverticulum of the urethra or bladder	Discharge of the liquid with drops after urination, but with pressure on the swelling in the lower abdomen, the urine leaves with a stream.	Tumor in the pubic region, elevated body temperature.

 

In addition to the above pathologies, differentiation is carried out with diseases from other organs and systems: cardiovascular lesions, CNS disorders, venereal diseases and much more.

[28], [29], [30]

Treatment of the frequent urination in women

The first, from which the treatment of frequent urge to urinate in women begins is the determination of the cause of the disease.

• If a painful condition is caused by an infection, then antibacterial drugs are prescribed.
• In the event of a disorder due to improper operation of the pelvic organs, therapy is aimed at restoring their normal functioning.
• When pollakiuria due to diuretic drugs should stop taking medication and see a doctor. The doctor will pick up similar medicines, but without side effects.
• With inflammatory pathologies from the urogenital system, patients are prescribed antibiotics and uroseptics.
• In diabetes mellitus, the introduction of insulin is shown, and in case of insipid hormones, the hormones are used to stimulate the production of vasopressin.
• With neuroses, sedative and sedative medications are used, physiotherapeutic procedures with a relaxing effect.
• To treat fistula, congenital or acquired defects of the genitals, urolithiasis or various neoplasms, surgery, radiation treatment, hormonal therapy or chemotherapy are indicated.
• Replacement therapy is used to correct the hormonal failure.

Complications and consequences

Left untreated, frequent urination in women causes serious consequences and complications. First of all, this is a significant deterioration in the quality of life. Frequent urges in the toilet interfere with normal life activity and can cause psychoemotional disorders. In addition, if this symptom is left to chance, it will lead to chronic diseases that caused it.

Consequences and complications of pollakiuria:

• Inflammation of the urinary and reproductive systems.
• Inflammation and irritation of the skin and mucous membrane due to regular contact with urine.
• Accession of secondary infection.
• Occurrence of a concomitant symptom - incontinence of a feces.
• Ulcerous lesions and painful cracks in the intimate zone.
• Apathy and a depressed state.
• Increased irritability.
• Violation of sexual life.

Problems can also arise due to medically prescribed therapy. For example, for the treatment of dysuric syndrome in early pregnancy, many women are prescribed urethra drugs. The effects of these drugs can cause both a pregnancy breakdown and pathological abnormalities in the development of the fetus. The consequences are observed when using antibacterial drugs. They kill a healthy microflora, causing diseases of the digestive tract and genitourinary system, nervous disorders.

Complications arise due to improper treatment of bladder dysfunction. This is due to incomplete diagnosis and misdiagnosis, for example, when not all tests have been prescribed. Because of this, all efforts are being made to eliminate a non-existent problem, while the true factors continue to progress.

[31], [32],

Prevention

Frequent urination in women, regardless of whether it occurs with or without pain, causes significant discomfort and disrupts normal life activity. Prevention of the disorder is based on the prevention and timely elimination of factors that provoke it.

Basic preventive recommendations:

• Timely recourse to medical care and treatment of any diseases to prevent their transition to a chronic form. Annually pass preventive examinations at the gynecologist and other specialists.
• Compliance with intimate hygiene. The female urethra is short and wide, which allows the pathogenic microorganisms to multiply easily. Because of this, there are frequent inflammatory reactions and infections, and how their result - cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis. Also, do not forget about hygiene and protection during sex. Many sexually transmitted diseases cause dysuric syndrome.
• Prefer linen from natural fabrics, since the synthetic material promotes the multiplication of pathogens and the disturbance of normal microflora. When using daily pads, change them every 3-4 hours.
• The optimal daily volume of water should be within 2 liters. Due to this, the body receives a sufficient amount of fluid and does not develop stagnant phenomena. Do not abuse coffee, tea or liquor.
• Pollakiuria can develop with excessive use of foods that increase contractile activity and irritation of the urinary wall, that is, have a diuretic effect. Improper diet can cause constipation, which provokes frequent false urges in the toilet. A healthy diet is a guarantee of well-coordinated work of the body and normal state of health.
• Avoid hypothermia and strengthen the immune system to combat opportunistic pathogens. Give up harmful habits that undermine your health. For example, smoking reduces the protective function of the immune system and worsens the functioning of the urinary tract because of the intake of nicotine smoke into the body.
• Maintain physical activity. To strengthen the pelvis and muscular tissues of the genitourinary system, perform special exercises, for example, Kegel exercises.
• Normalize body weight, since overweight is one of the factors provoking problems with the organs of the genitourinary and endocrine systems.

Adhering to the above recommendations can significantly reduce the risk of developing pollakiuria and other body disorders.

[33]

Forecast

Frequent urination in women with timely diagnosis and treatment has a favorable outcome. The prognosis depends on the factors that caused the disorder, the presence and severity of the concomitant symptomatology, the individual characteristics of the patient's body. As a rule, early diagnosis can eliminate the problem without the development of any complications. The triggered pollakiuria passes into a chronic form, causing painful symptoms, periodic episodes of exacerbations, a significant deterioration in the quality of life and even psychological disorders.

[34], [35],