Seedal cord cyst

The cyst of the spermatic cord is a bulk neoplasm, a dense fibrous capsule containing a liquid inside itself (in some cases spermatocytes are mixed with spermatozoa in it). The cyst is round in shape.

[1], [2]

Epidemiology

The data of medical statistics show that approximately every third man who underwent various tests for scrotal ultrasound had a cyst.

[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]

Causes of the spermatic cysts

There are following causes of cysts:

• Acquired - the cyst appears due to inflammation or damage to the organs of the scrotum. In this case, the inflamed or traumatized ducts stop working and close, as a result of which the outflow of spermatozoa is stopped. Next, the secret begins to accumulate, thereby stretching the cord wall, forming further the cyst, where spermatozoa accumulate (new or destroyed old ones);
• Congenital - pathology develops due to a violation in embryonic development. It appears due to the fact that the special vaginal process located in the peritoneum (this is the section of the mucous membrane inside the peritoneum that performs the function of carrying the testicle with the testicles inside the scrotum at the final stage of pregnancy) does not partially overgrow. Because of this, along the path of the seminal duct with the egg appendage there are uncompounding cavities. They are filled inside only by the translucent fluid, and the spermatozoa are not contained in them.

[9], [10], [11], [12]

Risk factors

Acquired cyst can be formed due to inflammation in a weakened organism. In addition, the following risk factors may become risk factors:

• Violation in the process of puberty in adolescents;
• Injuries to the genital organs;
• Occurrence of stagnation of blood, etc.

[13], [14], [15], [16]

Symptoms of the spermatic cysts

The cyst of the sperm duct grows rather slowly and does not cause any disturbances in the reproductive function or sexual activity of a person. Most patients complain of the appearance of an unknown additional neoplasm in the scrotum - it is easily probed, but it also does not hurt and does not manifest itself in anything.

Occasionally, if the cyst becomes too large or too quickly grows, the patient may experience symptoms such as a feeling of severe discomfort during walking or sitting, and an unpleasant squeezing inside the scrotum.

Cyst of spermatic cord in a child

Sometimes the cyst of the spermatic cord disappears independently in children under 1 year. Therefore, boys with this disease up to 1-2 years are observed in the urologist-andrologist or surgeon. If necessary, the operation is done in children from 1 year, approximately in the period of 1.5-2 years.

Children from 2 years of operation are appointed soon after diagnosing the problem. If the cyst is acutely aroused, at which the inguinal hernia can be infringed, the treatment is performed according to urgent indications.

[17], [18], [19], [20],

Complications and consequences

The cyst is basically not a health hazard, but in any case, it should be consulted with a urologist, because it can be a sign of more serious pathologies.

For example, a cyst may be a harbinger of a disease such as a tumor of the seminal duct or testicle. It should be noted that the cyst itself can not cause infertility, although if it increases too quickly, it can press on surrounding tissues and healthy ducts, because of which the function of procreation can be disturbed. Most often this happens in the case of 2-sided development of the disease.

Complications can occur as a result of surgery, and not only typical for such procedures (inflammation in the wound, bleeding, severe pain syndrome), but sometimes specific.

An incorrectly performed operation can provoke the recurrence of a cyst or the development of a highly pronounced scarring process. If you damage the seminal ducts or vessels that feed the testicle, infertility is also possible.

[21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26]

Diagnostics of the spermatic cysts

Diagnose the cyst at first by palpation - detecting to the touch a dense, neoplasm of the round form in the tail or head of the egg appendage, and also the spermatic cord. It feels like a third testicle.

[27]

Analyzes

The following tests are required:

• Smear;
• Blood and urine for general analysis, as well as blood for bacteriological;
• Analysis for hepatitis, HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.

[28], [29], [30], [31]

Instrumental diagnostics

To confirm the diagnosis, such instrumental diagnostic procedures are used:

• Diaphanoscopy (transillumination is performed using transmitted rays). The procedure shows a small (often a maximum of 2-2.5 cm) cyst. It is transparent, contains a light yellow liquid. Unlike other tissues, such a cyst radiates completely;
• Examination of the scrotum with ultrasound. This method in our time almost completely replaced diaphanoscopy, because it is considered a more accurate procedure, giving more information. This method reveals the exact location of the cyst, as well as the size of the formation. On ultrasound it looks homogeneous, has clear and even outlines both outside and inside. Although ultrasound does not make it possible to detect the presence or absence of spermatozoa in such formations, this method is considered fully suitable for confirming the diagnosis;
• Occasionally, if the development of a cancerous tumor is suspected, an MRI or CT scan can be performed.

Differential diagnosis

It is necessary to differentiate the disease from the cyst of the testicle, inguinal hernia, epididymitis, and cancer of the spermatic cord. For this it is required to undergo the procedure of ultrasound of the scrotum.

[32], [33], [34], [35]

Treatment of the spermatic cysts

Such a disease requires treatment only when it causes frequent and very noticeable painful sensations, and the scrotum greatly increases in size, thus preventing sitting and any movements. Most urologists prefer to wait if the cyst is small. Surgery should be resorted only if the cyst begins to change the shape of the nearby tissues.

Operative treatment

The operation is performed under local anesthesia, and for the procedure is sufficient for a 1-day hospitalization. After 10 days. After it the patient can completely return to normal life.

How the procedure is performed: a small incision is made through which the excision of the walls of the formation is performed carefully. In this case, it is necessary to prevent severe traumatization of adnexal tissues in order to preserve the reproductive function.

The appendage is then gently sewed. Without this action, scars may appear in the postoperative period, which can disrupt the maturation and movement of the sex cells. To prevent this, modern urologists use microsurgical instruments, and also use optical magnification. This stitch usually turns out so small that after it there is no scar left.

At the end of the procedure, it is necessary to apply cold for 2 hours to the operation site.

Prevention

There is no specific prevention of the occurrence of cysts, since they can develop not only as a result of adverse external influences, but also be congenital. In order to protect yourself from the possible appearance of a cyst, a man should observe the right rhythm of life, avoid long-term stress, and regularly have sex.

[36], [37]

Forecast

The cyst of the spermatic cord has a favorable prognosis. After the operation, a noticeable cosmetic defect disappears and the reproductive function is restored. For 1 month. After the procedure should refrain from physical exercises. After this, it is required to protect the scrotum from possible damage.

[38], [39],