Symptoms of menopause in women after 50 years

Symptoms of menopause in women after 50 years appear gradually and make us think about the fact that involuntary processes take place in the body. This is the period when a woman loses her childbearing function, and how sadly it sounds is getting old. These changes occur primarily with the reproductive system, but since it is continuously associated with the normal functioning of other organs, these changes affect the whole organism. The hormonal background of the female body is very diverse and provides not only the functioning of the female genital organs, but also affects the metabolism. Therefore, hormonal changes in menopause lead to changes in metabolism.

[1], [2], [3], [4]

Features of menopause in women after 50 years

Throughout life, every woman goes through several stages of development of the body. First the girl is in the period of newborn, when all the systems and organs develop and begin to contact the external environment. During this period, the ovaries already have all the eggs that are in a "dormant" position. Next - the period of childhood, then the period of sexual development, in which all secondary sexual characteristics develop and the girl matures for the continuation of the genus. Then the period of puberty, which lasts about thirty years. All ends with menopause - an involution of the reproductive system. This is a physiological process, but it has its own characteristics that you need to know in order to regulate the state of the body and know exactly when something is broken.

The climacteric period is conditionally divided:

1. premenopause - the period from 45 years to the onset of menopause;
2. Menopause is the period of the last menstruation, the average age is about fifty years;
3. Postmenopause - the period from the last menstruation to the end of a woman's life.

All these periods are characterized by consistent changes in the body.

Premenopause is characterized by:

• The involution of the higher regulatory center - the hypothalamus, which is characterized by a gradual decrease in the sensitivity of the hypothalamus to the effect of estrogens, which violates its regulatory function by the principle of reverse regulation.
• The level of hormones of the pituitary gland - follicle-stimulating and luteinizing - increases, which in future can promote the development of various benign processes in the uterus in the form of fibroids, fibroids.
• In the adrenal gland, the production of adrenaline and norepinephrine is increased due to disturbances in the normal regulation of the hypothalamus function of peripheral organs.
• The number of sensitive special receptors to estrogens decreases in the ovary and in the uterus, which contributes to the violation of the regulation of these organs.
• In the ovaries, the most specific changes occur in the form of follicular atresia, the destruction of the membranes, the death of oocytes and the preservation of only the stroma, which helps to reduce the amount of secreting estrogen. This, in turn, disrupts the feedback to the hypothalamus, which increases the changes more.
• There is insufficient stimulation of the pituitary gland and the release of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones is broken, which leads to anovulatory cycle without isolation of the oocyte.

As a consequence of all these processes - there is not enough concentration of hormones and their alternation for the onset of the next normal menstruation, and menstruation does not occur - this is the period of menopause.

See also: The first symptoms of menopause

Postmenopause is characterized by a complete absence of menstruation. And the role of the synthesis of hormones takes on the adrenal glands and fatty tissue, but this is not enough to compensate for the deficiency of estrogens, then the production of androgens in parallel increases.

The first signs of menopause in women - this may not necessarily be the absence of menstruation, since this process is gradual. The first symptoms often have a vasomotor and emotional-mental character. The woman is worried about vomiting, mood swings, depression, decreased sexual desire, insomnia, fatigue.

Read also: How to improve your mood?

Also, vegetative manifestations often can be attacks of sweating, heat, headache and palpitations. This is usually the first clinical signs of the onset of premenopause, and in the future - changes in the ovaries and uterus develop and menopause with a gradual cessation of menstruation occurs.

[5], [6], [7], [8]

Mental changes in menopausal women after 50 years of age

Throughout life, a woman has a specific hormonal background, which is due to the concentration of major female sex hormones - estrogens and progestogens (progesterone). These hormones do not strictly affect the female genital organs, but they also affect the mental state, regulating the processes of inhibition and excitation in the central nervous system.

First, with the onset of menopause, the sensation of aging of the organism comes and the woman realizes this, which is the basis of other psychological changes. Against the background of a decrease in estrogen, there is a disruption in the regulation of the processes of nerve impulse transmission. At the same time, mood changes are often observed, which can often change - in the form of irritation or lability of the psyche, depressive thoughts, restlessness, stress. There is also increased fatigue, sleep disorders such as insomnia or drowsiness, disability and daily activity. Expressed a decrease in sexual desire and vasomotor manifestations.

Feeling of cardiac fading, or vice versa, increased heart rate, sweating, lability of blood pressure - all this is associated with mental changes, as the conductivity of the nerve impulse and the regulation of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system are impaired.

All these mental changes even more violate the morphological and functional state of the female reproductive system, as the emotional and functional state is closely interrelated. Therefore, in the complex treatment of such conditions, psychotherapeutic treatment is very important.

Hormonal and functional changes in the body with menopause

All changes in the body of a woman with menopause after 50 years are associated with a violation of the amount of hormones and their insufficient function. Normally, estrogens and progesterone regulate the work of the nervous system, bone tissue, cardiovascular system and the processes of mineral metabolism. During menopause, the level of estrogen decreases, their regulatory effect on the tone of the vessels of the brain and peripheral tissues decreases, which in turn contributes to the disruption of the adrenal glands. A high level of catecholamines contributes to a change in pressure, causes palpitation and vegetative reactions in the form of sensations of sweat tingling, sensation of the heat of the face.

In the body, extra-ovarian sources of the synthesis of estrogens start to be activated - they are adipose tissue, as well as the adrenal cortex, which causes an increased synthesis of androgens, leptin, and mineralocorticoids. They have other undesirable effects in the form of development of obesity, masculinization, decreased libido, as well as water and sodium retention, which affects the development of hypertension.

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• 5 Ways to Enhance Female Libido
• The most useful exercises for increasing libido

Such hormonal changes entail a violation of the internal organs.

The cardiovascular system suffers from hyperkatecholamineemia, which is characterized by arrhythmias in the form of heart failure, paroxysmal tachycardia. Violation of the regulation of vascular tone, which contributes to periods of spasm of peripheral vessels, increased peripheral resistance and increased blood pressure. Also, hypertension is promoted by sodium and water retention and increased circulating blood volume.

Breaking the hormonal balance in menopause causes a metabolic disorder in the form of hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia. This is an unfavorable sign and therefore often in this period develops ischemic heart disease and angina.

Another serious disorder occurs with the bone tissue. A decrease in the level of estrogens helps to remove calcium from bones, impair its absorption in the intestine and the development of osteoporosis. This causes clinical manifestations in the form of pain in the legs, fatigue, muscle twitching.

Later changes in the internal organs with menopause is trophic changes in the urethra, which contributes to a burning sensation and frequent urination. Also, there is dry skin of the genitals, itching, unpleasant sensation during sexual intercourse. This contributes to the frequent development of urogenital infections, as the barrier function of the vaginal mucus is impaired.

The general state of the body is inhibited, the processes of cell differentiation are reduced and the aging of the skin occurs , the appearance of wrinkles, dryness and brittle nails and hair, hair loss.

All these changes in organs and systems are interrelated and predictable, therefore it is recommended to treat hormonal preparations to correct such conditions and prevent serious complications. Use a variety of complex drugs, individually selected.

Symptoms of menopause in women after 50 years indicate the aging of the body, and how undesirable this process was - it is irreversible. Since a sharp hormonal decline disrupts the work of all internal organs and affects the metabolism, it is necessary to turn to the gynecologist with the appearance of the first symptoms of menopause. Then it is possible to correct the hormonal disorders by taking a combination of hormonal drugs, which will contribute to a gradual drop in hormones without sudden changes in the work of organs and systems.