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Yanuvia
The sugar-reducing medication Yanuvia is a medicine that suppresses dipeptidyl peptidase-4.
ATC encoding: A10BH01.
Indications of the yanuvia
Yanuvia medicinal medication is prescribed in combination with changes in diet and exercise to stabilize and improve the condition of type II diabetes mellitus.
A combined treatment with metformin or drugs like thiazolidinedione is contemplated - in cases where changes in diet and monotherapy therapy do not reveal the expected result.
Release form
Januvia is produced in tablet form, in the composition of which sitagliptin phosphate hydrate is present.
Dosage of tablets:
- 50 mg (a preparation having the inscription 112 on one side);
- 100 mg (drug with the inscription 277 on one side).
Beige shades of the tablet are packed in aluminum blister plates, placed in a box of cardboard. The kit contains an abstract to the drug.
Pharmacodynamics
The sugar reducing agent Yanuvia shows its effectiveness when ingested. The active ingredient has differences in the chemical structure and pharmacological properties of similar insulin preparations, sulfonylureas, amylin, γ-receptor agonists and many others. Etc. By suppressing dipeptidyl peptidase, the active component increases the level of incretin hormones that are produced inside the intestine. Usually the amount of such hormones increases as a result of eating. Incretinovye substances are considered an element of the internal physiological process of glucose homeostasis.
If the blood sugar level is exceeded or is within normal limits, incretin hormones stimulate active production of insulin. In addition, its release by β-cells in the pancreas is activated, which is explained by the action of control intracellular processes.
Also, the drug Yanuvia helps to inhibit the excessive release of glucagon. Lowering the glucagon level while increasing the amount of insulin leads to a decrease in the production of glucose in the liver. As a result of such processes, glycemia decreases.
At a low glucose level, the above properties do not appear.
The active component of Yanuvia prevents the processes of hydrolysis of incretin hormones with the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase. As a consequence, plasma concentrations of GLP 1 and HIC increase, glucose-dependent insulin production increases and glucagon release is reduced.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption of the active ingredient can be about 87%, which has nothing to do with food intake.
The average amount of the distributed drug after taking a single dose of 100 mg is equivalent to 198 liters. The fraction of the active ingredient associated with plasma proteins is small and barely reaches 38%.
Up to 80% of the substance leaves the body in an unchanged form with the urinary fluid. Only up to 15% can be excreted with feces. Metabolism is affected only by a small amount of the drug.
The average half-life with ingestion of 100 mg of Yanuvia can be 12.5 hours. The index of renal clearance is 350 ml per minute.
It is not clinically important for the patient to have a mild to moderate renal failure, as well as the patient's elderly age.
Contraindications
Contraindications for the appointment of the sugar-reducing medicine Yanuvia can be:
- increased probability of an allergic response of the body;
- period of gestation and breastfeeding of the child;
- I type of diabetes mellitus;
- phenomena of diabetic ketoacidosis.
In addition, doctors do not advise that Yanuvia should be treated before the age of 18, due to a lack of practical research.
Side effects of the yanuvia
Usually the medication does not cause negative manifestations, regardless of the availability of any therapeutic combinations with other hypoglycemic agents. In extremely rare cases, such adverse symptoms were observed:
- inflammatory processes in the upper respiratory tract;
- pain in the head;
- stool disorder;
- soreness in the joints;
- bouts of nausea or vomiting.
Laboratory can be observed increase in the level of leukocytes and neutrophils, as well as a decrease in the level of alkaline phosphatase. And one and the other indicators do not play a significant role and can not be considered clinically important.
Dosing and administration
The standard dose of Yanuvia is determined in the amount of 100 mg per day, taken at a time. The drug is not associated with eating.
If the patient for any reason did not take the dose of the drug on time, then the prescribed amount of medicine should be taken in the very near future. You can not take twice the amount of Januvia at a time.
Patients with mild to moderate renal failure do not require changes in the dosage of the drug. The same applies to elderly patients.
About the rules of changing the dosage of Yanuvia in the severe course of renal failure is unknown, since studies in this area have not been conducted.
Overdose
Trial increases in a single dose of Yanuvia to 800 mg did not detect adverse reactions from the heart. No additional side effects were observed.
The intake of the drug in an amount of more than 800 mg at one time has not been studied.
If you theoretically allow the possibility of an overdose of Yanuvia, then the focus should be on symptomatic and supportive treatment. The effectiveness of dialysis in this case is in doubt.