Intestinal blockage

An acute surgical pathology of the peritoneum, which consists of twisting of any section of the intestine or its part around the mesentery or its axis. The lumen of the intestine is blocked, the mesenteric nerves and vessels are compressed, and a mechanical obstruction occurs in the digestive tract.

Signs of intestinal volvulus should not just cause alertness, but also force you to seek immediate medical help, as this condition poses a real threat to life. Rapid increase in intoxication and dehydration can lead to the death of the patient within the first day.

Epidemiology

In general, males are twice as likely to be affected by this disease as females, although women are more likely to develop cecal volvulus than men.

On average, this pathology is common among middle-aged and elderly people.

The most common twisting is of the colon sections, of which 80% are in the sigmoid section; 15% in the cecum; 3% in the transverse colon; 2% in the splenic flexure.

The average age of patients with sigmoid colon pathology is 60 years; with old age, the likelihood of this pathology increases.

Cecal volvulus affects a younger population (average age 50 years). The average age of those affected in some countries, such as India, where the majority are vegetarians, is even younger – 33 years.

In children, almost all cases are localized in the small intestine and are caused by developmental defects.

Africans suffer from this pathology twice as often as others. According to US medical statistics: patients with intestinal volvulus are approximately one-twentieth of all patients with obstruction; among them, volvulus of the colon is one-tenth of the total number of obstructions of this localization.

The "volvulus belt" regions, where volvulus is mainly caused by intestinal obstruction, include some African countries, Asian countries (India, Iran), Brazil and Russia. In Brazil, this disease is associated with the spread of Chagas disease.

The second most important cause of sigmoid colon obstruction during pregnancy is its volvulus. Presumably, the rapidly growing uterus moves this intestine, which provokes twisting of the large intestine. The vast majority of volvulus in expectant mothers (3/4) is observed in the last three months of pregnancy.

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Causes gizzard

The causes of this condition are very different, and sometimes, at first glance, quite innocent. It can even occur during sleep - a change in position can cause intestinal volvulus. This can happen to a person who has led an unhealthy lifestyle for many years, eats poorly and, as a result, has problems with the gastrointestinal tract.

Parents often scare their children by claiming that volvulus can occur from chewing gum, and perhaps they themselves believe it. However, chewing gum does not cause active intestinal peristalsis, it is not digested by gastric juice and in the vast majority of cases is excreted by the intestines with feces.

However, volvulus from persimmon is quite possible. Persimmon, which contains an excess of tannins, is not digested by a child's stomach; it forms a large lump that the intestines cannot push to the exit. This can cause intussusception - the drawing of part of one intestine into another. Of course, for this to happen, you need to eat more than one fruit or half of it. Volvulus in children can be caused not only by persimmon, but also by excessive consumption of tangerines, bananas, and food unsuitable for a child (smoked meats, herring, etc.).

The causes of intestinal volvulus are often hidden in the anatomical features of the structure of the digestive system organs. It is intrauterine developmental disorders that cause this disease in infants, most often - this is an abnormally long mesentery and active intestinal peristalsis. Congenital gigantism of the large intestine, congenital absence of intestinal motility, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, less often, but can lead to intestinal volvulus in an infant. Early artificial feeding can cause this disease. Cases of intussusception in infants - pulling part of the narrowed intestine into the lumen of the normal, leading to obstruction, are not uncommon in pediatric practice.

The cause of congenital intestinal volvulus is considered to be malformations of the embryo's intestinal tube or an anomaly in the fixation of the midgut.

Sometimes the intestinal lumen becomes clogged with meconium, which has an abnormal density.

In patients over one year of age, intestinal volvulus is caused, strictly speaking, by two factors:

• a developmental defect of the mesentery, which has a length that allows it to move in different directions,
• the inability of the intestine to move its contents, which have become clumped together, so that every movement of its muscles leads to a twisting of the intestinal folds.

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Risk factors

Risk factors:

1. Coming out of a prolonged fasting regime, accompanied by overeating, which activates intestinal motility and can provoke volvulus.
2. Systematic overeating (especially at night) causes excessive filling of the intestinal folds, simultaneously activating its motility, which can lead to the volvulus of one or more intestinal loops.
3. An acute increase in pressure inside the peritoneum, even a minor one, due to trauma, unusually heavy physical work, or stress with weak abdominal muscles can cause dislocation of intestinal sections and provoke this pathology.
4. Cicatricial and adhesive changes in the connective tissue of the abdominal cavity that arise as a result of surgical interventions and inflammation.
5. A diet that includes mainly coarse, raw, high-fiber foods that stimulate intestinal peristalsis.
6. Frequent, so-called, food poisoning, i.e. infection with pathogenic microorganisms, accompanied by dyspeptic symptoms.
7. Constipation is a provoking factor for sigmoid colon volvulus, and it mainly occurs in elderly people.
8. Meso-sigmoiditis, which can result in deformation of the mesentery and volvulus of the sigmoid colon
9. A foreign body can close the intestinal lumen (obstruction), and a neoplasm or pregnancy can compress it from the outside (strangulation), which will lead to twisting.
10. Poisoning, taking strong medications (suppressing intestinal peristalsis, laxatives), and some diseases of the central nervous system cause spasms or paralysis of the intestinal muscles.
11. Massive helminthic invasion also sometimes causes intestinal volvulus.

Small intestinal torsion is mainly caused by developmental defects, cicatricial and adhesive changes in connective tissue, and hernias.

Volvulus of the colon is mainly an acquired pathology. The causes of this localization are the growth of scars and adhesions in the peritoneum, pregnancy, neoplasms, surgical manipulations on the intestine. The overwhelming majority of volvulus of the colon occurs in the sigmoid part.

With complete intestinal volvulus, a closed obstruction of the affected sections is formed, their innervation and ischemia ultimately cause gangrene and perforation of the intestinal wall.

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Pathogenesis

Regardless of the underlying cause, the pathology develops as follows: the intestine rotates, sometimes repeatedly, and its lumen is completely blocked, the contents of the intestine stop, the nerves and vessels of the mesentery are pinched, the blood supply to the intestinal membrane stops and it becomes necrotic. Necrosis of the intestinal membrane increases its permeability to toxins that enter the peritoneum, and fecal peritonitis develops.

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Symptoms gizzard

Immediately after the intestinal loops twist, the first signs of the disease appear - an instantly striking sharp pain, most often in the navel area, then reflex vomiting begins. A specific sign is that part of the abdomen is swollen and intestinal loops are visible on it. If you tap on the swollen part of the abdomen, the sound will be similar to a drum roll.

Accompanying symptoms are hypotension, constipation and flatulence without gas release, weakness, gray-earthy pallor. Sweat appears on the face, delirium may even begin. The patient speaks with difficulty and breathes heavily, sounds similar to splashing water can be heard in the stomach.

Intestinal loops can twist in any part of the intestine where there is a mesentery. The level of the twist determines the clinical picture of the pathology and the treatment tactics.

Types of volvulus are classified according to the level where it occurs:

• small intestine;
• cecum;
• sigmoid colon;
• transverse colon.

Normally, the angle of rotation of the small intestine bends is up to 90º. A turn of more than 180º causes clinical symptoms; one or more bends of the small intestine may be drawn into this movement. The cecum is nearby, therefore, the signs of its volvulus will look similar.

Volvulus of the small (cecum) intestine is characterized by the following clinical symptoms:

The occurrence of severe pain during volvulus is determined by the cessation of blood supply to this area of the intestine. Acute pain is unrelenting, continuous, stabbing or cutting, felt in the upper abdomen. It constantly intensifies, becoming unbearable.

With this type of torsion, patients show anxiety, agitation, and sometimes scream in pain. As a rule, they pull their knees to their chest, but this does not relieve the pain.

An accumulation of intestinal contents forms in front of the twisting site, which provokes obstruction of the intestinal loops, activates its peristalsis, which is noticeable visually, and this may be accompanied by gurgling sounds in the abdomen and cramping pain.

If the loops of the lower sections of the small intestine or cecum are twisted, then asymmetrical swelling is observed in the navel area due to the accumulation of fecal matter above the level of the volvulus.

Volvulus of the small intestine is accompanied by vomiting, which begins simultaneously with pain (at first, vomit is ejected with bile, later - with an admixture of feces). Vomiting does not alleviate the patient's condition.

Constipation and accumulation of gases that cannot be released begin later, since the motility of the large intestine is still normal, feces and gases continue to be released. If you immediately contact a doctor with a suspected volvulus of the small intestine, this stage can be bypassed, but if the release of feces and gases continues for a long time, it may stop.

The general condition is disturbed - signs of dehydration, weakness, dizziness, fainting appear. Symptoms of intoxication of the body increase - muscle pain, tachycardia, pallor, high temperature, sweat on the forehead.

Volvulus of the colon is more common, and its most common location is in the sigmoid colon.

Its symptoms are similar to those of small intestinal volvulus, but there are some differences.

The pain syndrome occurs acutely, but can sometimes develop gradually. It is felt mainly in the lower abdomen and can radiate to the lumbar region. The pain is constant in nature, occasionally paroxysmal.

Vomiting of undigested food and bile occurs simultaneously with pain and is repeated two or three times without bringing relief. Vomiting in this case is caused to a greater extent by pain irritation. Vomiting of feces begins later, with the development of peritonitis.

Constipation and lack of gas release begin immediately. At first, active intestinal motility may be noticeable, but over time it fades.

The abdomen is noticeably bloated and asymmetrical. The upper sections on the right side of the abdomen are enlarged - the sigmoid colon has shifted after it twisted. The accumulation of gases and feces in it stretches its loops, increasing in size. It moves the abdominal organs upward, which press on the diaphragm, reducing the volume of the chest, squeezing the lungs and upsetting the breathing process, disrupting the work of the heart. This is manifested by difficulty breathing, arrhythmia, tachycardia, pain behind the sternum.

Occasionally, a volvulus of the transverse colon occurs, with symptoms resembling a volvulus of the sigmoid colon.

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Forms

Classification of volvulus by the angle of intestinal rotation: partial intestinal volvulus (up to 270°), complete (270-360°), if the intestine twists several times – multiple. As a rule, the intestinal bends twist clockwise.

Congenital volvulus manifests itself in the first hours of a child's life. The first symptoms are pain syndrome (the baby is restless, capricious, cries all the time), vomiting, hypotension, abdominal asymmetry, decreased intestinal peristalsis. Gas discharge is impaired, meconium may come out, but normal feces are not observed, mucus is released from the anus (complete volvulus) or stool comes out in small portions, the volume of which becomes smaller and smaller (partial).

Intestinal volvulus in children is manifested by high fever, acute abdominal pain, vomiting, blood or mucus in the feces. The child eats and sleeps poorly, often cries, is capricious, pulls his legs to the stomach. Attacks arise and recede unexpectedly, in the intervals between us the child can vomit twice. Intensive gas formation occurs, after some time constipation begins, and the gases stop passing. Upon examination, the child notices a lump in the lower abdomen.

It is quite difficult to diagnose intestinal volvulus in a fetus; it is treated after the child is born. This pathology is often accompanied by polyhydramnios in the mother and other developmental defects, such as Down's syndrome.

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Complications and consequences

If the patient does not seek medical attention at the first symptoms, peritonitis begins to develop after a few hours. The body temperature rises and a false improvement in well-being occurs. The patient may think that there is no need to worry. This misconception can lead to fatal consequences.

When a volvulus occurs, the blood supply to the twisted part of the intestinal wall and its innervation are completely cut off. According to numerous medical studies, the patient's future quality of life, and often life itself, directly depends on the timeliness of medical care.

Possible complications: dehydration, perforation and necrosis of the intestinal wall; systemic purulent infection and intoxication; adhesive disease and recurrent intestinal torsion.

Dehydration:

• Intestinal volvulus is manifested by frequent vomiting, when the body loses a lot of water and electrolytes;
• the liquid a person drinks is absorbed in the large intestine, but in the case of a volvulus, especially in the small intestine, it does not get there.

The result of dehydration is increased load on the heart, hypotension, metabolic disorders, weakness, fainting (even comatose). If the body loses about a fifth of water, a fatal outcome is possible.

The intestinal wall, deprived of blood supply, loses its strength, breaks through, and the accumulated contents spill into the peritoneum and cause its inflammation (fecal peritonitis). It provokes necrotic changes in the intestinal wall tissue (gangrene develops). In this case, an urgent operation is necessary to remove part of the intestine and perform antiseptic treatment of the abdominal cavity.

Adhesive disease is the formation of connective tissue adhesions that appear in areas of inflammation. It causes dislocation of the intestinal folds, which can provoke a recurrence of any form of gastrointestinal obstruction.

Diagnostics gizzard

Diagnosis of intestinal volvulus, like any other disease, is based on questioning, examination, laboratory analysis data and instrumental examinations. Questioning and examination of the patient help to suggest the cause of the disease and prescribe further examination.

There are no laboratory tests that confirm or refute the diagnosis of intestinal volvulus. However, some tests are done to identify complications (gangrene, peritonitis) and for differential diagnosis.

If intestinal volvulus is suspected, a clinical blood test is prescribed, which helps to identify deviations in indicators characteristic of this disease: excess of the normal number of leukocytes and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate; decrease in the normal number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin content. These data allow us to assume the presence of peritonitis and intestinal bleeding.

A blood biochemistry test may show an increase in lactate dehydrogenase levels and a decrease in albumin, potassium and chlorine levels.

Liver function tests in our case are usually normal, this analysis is done for differential diagnosis.

Stool analysis sometimes shows the presence of blood (necrosis of the intestinal mucosa).

Studies of the acid-base balance of the blood show different deviations from the norm at different times.

Instrumental diagnostics – X-ray examination of the abdominal cavity (overview, irrigography, oral contrast), computed tomography, diagnostic laparoscopy.

A simple radiograph shows bowel loop obstruction and the presence of obstruction, while a barium enema radiograph identifies typical locations of intestinal volvulus; oral administration of barium suspension before radiography is used to confirm small intestinal torsion (particularly in pediatrics).

Computer tomography is useful in cases of volvulus of the cecum and small intestine. The tomogram shows a spiral, so-called "storm sign", obstructive changes in the intestine and thickening of its walls, edema of the mesentery.

In children aged 4 to 10 months, in cases of obstruction, volvulus is differentiated from intussusception (pulling of the narrowed part of the intestine into the intestine with a normal lumen).

If volvulus is suspected in women during pregnancy, diagnosis is complicated by the fact that X-ray examination is contraindicated and is used only in the most extreme cases, diagnostic laparoscopy is not used due to the undesirability of anesthesia, and colonoscopy is not used due to the possibility of miscarriage.

Regardless of the period, ultrasound examination is used; it can reveal obstructive changes, fluid in the peritoneum, etc.

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Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnostics is carried out on the basis of the medical history, laboratory and instrumental examinations. Volvulus of the small intestine is differentiated from neoplasms, diverticulosis, adhesive and calculous formations. In this pathology of the sigmoid colon, its malignant neoplasm, diverticulosis, mesenteric ischemia, etc. are excluded. Twisting of the cecum must be differentiated from appendicitis, ruptured ovarian cyst, other obstructions, and genitourinary infections.

Visual inspection data is of decisive importance in differentiation.

Treatment gizzard

The disease poses a serious threat to the patient’s life; at the first symptoms, you must immediately seek medical help.

Until the ambulance team arrives, it is necessary to comfortably position the patient. Do not feed or give water, since bowel movements can only worsen the twisting and provoke vomiting. Do not give any medications under any circumstances, they can change the clinical picture and complicate the diagnosis. Do not wash the stomach, do not give an enema, do not warm the stomach.

Hospitalization and surgical treatment are the only things that can save the patient’s life.

An exception is uncomplicated volvulus of the sigmoid colon. The ability to straighten the volvulus of the sigmoid colon through the anus is dictated by its close location to the anus. This procedure is performed in a medical institution by specialists. It involves pumping a barium solution to the site of the volvulus through the rectum. Increased pressure occurs and the volvulus may straighten out. If untwisting does not occur, surgical intervention is used.

Surgical techniques are selected individually, taking into account the location of the volvulus, the condition of the damaged parts of the intestine and the patient’s well-being.

Operations to eliminate this defect are performed under general anesthesia. A laparotomy incision (from top to bottom along the midline of the abdomen, the navel remains on the right) is necessary for a good view of the surgical field and accessibility for various manipulations.

Through the incision, the intestinal loops are untwisted and the accumulated contents are removed. If the intestinal loops are viable - after straightening, their normal appearance, motility and blood supply are restored, then the operation is complete. The abdominal cavity is washed with antiseptics, a drainage tube is installed and
the wound is sutured.

If complications are detected, the scope of the operation is increased: dead loops are removed, an anastomosis is applied, or in the case of peritonitis, the ends of the intestine are brought to the surface of the abdominal wall (ileostomy), which allows the patient to establish the process of nutrition when the intestine is disconnected and to continue anti-inflammatory treatment. When the condition is normalized, the patient undergoes surgery to restore the integrity of the intestine.

The principles of performing operations for different localizations of volvulus are similar, with some specific differences.

If the operation was performed without removing part of the intestine, patients recover quickly. After resection of intestinal volvulus, the patient will have to undergo long-term rehabilitation, during which time certain restrictions must be observed. Postoperative recovery measures include bed rest, pain relief, postoperative wound treatment, physiotherapy, breathing exercises, and dietary nutrition.

Postoperative patients must strictly stay in bed to avoid suture divergence. A day after the operation, you can begin doing simple exercises with your arms (lifting and lowering, bending and unbending), and careful turns from one side to the other. After another day or two, it is recommended to get out of bed and take a short walk around the ward and in the corridor. Light physical activity after the operation helps improve blood circulation, prevents the appearance of bedsores, and reduces the risk of blood clots.

An important aspect of the rehabilitation process is effective pain relief.

Depending on the patient's condition and individual sensitivity, painkillers from different groups are used.

At the very beginning after the operation, narcotic drugs are used that effectively relieve severe pain, for example, morphine or omnopon.

Omnopon is a complex drug consisting of three narcotic analgesics (morphine, codeine, thebaine) and papaverine, which prevents spastic contractions of the smooth muscles of the intestine. Inhibits any pain sensations without turning off consciousness, while maintaining other sensations.

Patients are prescribed subcutaneous injections at a dosage of 10 mg of the drug three to four times a day.

May cause nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression. Long-term use causes drug addiction.
Contraindicated in respiratory dysfunction, dystrophy, elderly patients.

To relieve inflammation and pain in the area of the postoperative suture, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used, such as indomethacin or ketorolac.

Ketorolac is an active analgesic, relieves fever, swelling and inflammation. Inhibitor of prostaglandin production. Prevents thrombus formation. Indicated for postoperative pain.
Can be combined with narcotic painkillers. Patients are prescribed intravenous in a dosage of 30 mg at intervals of six hours. Like all non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, it has many contraindications and side effects from allergies to neuropsychiatric disorders. It is not used in pediatrics, during pregnancy and lactation.
Antispasmodics are used to relax the intestinal muscles, inactivate its motility and prevent spasms.

Drotaverine is an active antispasmodic, acting as a relaxant on the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract and blood vessels. It has an analgesic effect, dilating blood vessels and promoting their saturation with oxygen.

Drotaverine hydrochloride penetrates the placental barrier. It is not prescribed to pregnant and lactating women and children aged 0-12 years.

Patients are prescribed 40-80 mg intramuscularly with an interval of eight hours. The drug is well tolerated, allergic reactions and other adverse events occur extremely rarely.

The wound is treated after the operation from the first day until complete healing once or twice a day as indicated. It is performed to prevent purulent infection and inflammatory processes. Each time during the dressing process, the wound is washed with antiseptic agents, such as betadine and alcohol (70%), examined and several layers of gauze soaked in antiseptic are again applied and secured with a sterile bandage.

Betadine is a complex antiseptic, which is a compound of iodine with polyvinylpyrrolidone. Contact with skin releases an active iodine ion from the compound, which reacts with cellular proteins, forming iodamines. It can be used for a long time without the risk of developing immunity. It has a bactericidal, fungicidal effect, destroys viruses and protozoa. It acts longer than products containing inorganic iodine, and practically does not irritate the treated surface. It has an effect until the color disappears from the skin surface. Contraindicated in case of sensitization to iodine, increased thyroid function, pregnant and lactating women, and infants. Do not use together with other antiseptics for external use containing silver, hydroperite, chlorhexidine, enzymatic preparations, and drugs that contain mercury.

During the recovery period, the patient may be prescribed physiotherapy: therapies - ultra-high frequency, laser, magnetic; diadynamics; electrophoresis.

All patients after surgical interventions are recommended to do breathing exercises: accelerated deep inhalations and exhalations or inflating balloons for ventilation of the lungs as a preventive measure against the development of hypostatic pneumonia and other complications of the respiratory system. It is recommended to do such exercises several times a day, especially during prolonged bed rest.

Diet food

For several days immediately after the elimination of intestinal volvulus with ectomy of part of the intestine, nutrients, liquid, microelements and vitamins are administered to the patient intravenously through a drip. After three to four days, the patient's condition stabilizes and he can eat naturally.

Natural nutrition begins with a zero diet, the purpose of which is to provide the body with a minimum of essential nutrients, while simultaneously preventing active contraction of the smooth muscles of the intestine and gas formation, which negatively affect tissue healing in the operated area.

The zero diet involves frequent (8 times a day) meals in small portions (no more than 300g) only in liquid form. Food and drink are heated to 45ºС, the daily fluid intake is about two liters, the food is not salty.

You can eat: weak broth from dietary meats - veal, rabbit, turkey breast and cream soups; rice broth, mashed porridge; low-fat cottage cheese and rosehip drink; jelly and baked apple; jelly and weak tea.

Then diet No. 1a, which involves eating six times a day, all warm, liquid and pureed

You can eat: mashed buckwheat, rice, semolina porridge in broth or milk diluted with water (1:4); mashed soups from cereals in vegetable broth; steamed protein omelet; steamed low-fat fish in the form of a soufflé; jelly, jelly, weak tea, fresh juices from sweet fruits.

If there are no complications, move on to diet No. 1b, which, in addition to the previous one, includes: white bread crackers; steamed cutlets and meatballs; boiled (steamed) vegetables, meat and fish in the form of puree; sour cream.

Approximately two to three weeks after the operation, upon discharge from the hospital, diet No. 1 is prescribed. There are fewer and fewer restrictions - the food temperature is warm or room temperature, products that activate the secretion of gastric juice and intestinal peristalsis are not recommended. It is allowed to eat fermented milk products, crackers, low-fat cookies, and yesterday's bread. First and second courses are boiled and steamed, their ingredients are chopped.

The transition to a normal lifestyle occurs over the course of approximately one and a half months.

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Alternative medicine

Intestinal volvulus should not be treated at home. Using folk remedies or homeopathic preparations will not solve the problem, but will only aggravate it. However, as a preventive measure against intestinal volvulus, during the recovery period, folk treatment and homeopathy can help. However, before engaging in alternative treatment, it is necessary to consult with your doctor.

Intestinal volvulus can be caused by various reasons. Some of them, such as congenital pathologies, are unlikely to respond to folk medicine recipes. Most of the others can be corrected.

Chronic constipation is considered a serious risk factor for intestinal volvulus. Here, folk remedies can be successfully used.

The simplest recommendations are to take a tablespoon of vegetable oil in your mouth on an empty stomach in the morning and swirl it around in your mouth for as long as you can stand it, spit out the rest (it should be discolored) and rinse your mouth. This procedure also removes intoxication from the body.

For breakfast in the morning, eat a “broom” salad made from raw grated beets, carrots and finely chopped cabbage with vegetable oil.

Beetroot infusion on water. Peel 0.5 kg of root vegetables, chop, pour a liter of boiling water, let it brew for three to four hours. Then add 150 g of granulated sugar and a teaspoon of dry yeast, put in a dark place for a day. Strain after a day. Drink ½ cup three to four times a day. Relaxes the intestinal muscles, has an anticonvulsant and antiseptic effect, normalizes peristalsis.

Whey kvass with celandine. For 3 liters of whey, you will need a glass of finely chopped celandine herb and granulated sugar. Mix the celandine with granulated sugar, pour onto a piece of gauze, tie into a knot, place in a container with whey, cover with gauze and put in a dark place for 14 days. Take out the knot, squeeze out, strain. Store the jar with kvass in the refrigerator, under a nylon lid. Drink ½ glass twice a day half an hour before meals. The course is 14 days, after two or three days, drink the rest of the kvass according to the scheme.

Herbal treatment can help not only with constipation, but also with overeating and food poisoning.

As a laxative, you can prepare a decoction from buckthorn bark: pour 100 g of crushed raw material with a liter of water, simmer for one hour on low heat (do not boil). Let cool, strain.

Take one tablespoon five or six times a day, half an hour before or an hour after meals.

When overeating, calamus root helps very well; eat half a teaspoon of crushed calamus root and wash it down with water.

An infusion of yarrow helps: brew a heaped teaspoon with boiling water, strain after a minute, let it cool slightly and drink.

The effects of food poisoning can be neutralized by taking a chicory infusion: brew 25 g of crushed dry raw material with a glass of boiling water, wrap up and leave overnight. Drink three to four times a day, half an hour before meals. Drink the chicory infusion after cleaning out the stomach, for which drink three glasses of salted water. You can clean out the stomach more than once.

An infusion of dried raspberry leaves or mint is also prepared. They are drunk on an empty stomach in the morning and at night. You need to drink slowly, in small sips.

Homeopathy also refers to conservative methods of treatment, therefore it is unacceptable to eliminate this problem with homeopathic medicines.

There are many medications available to prevent volvulus and combat chronic constipation and inflammatory bowel disease, such as:

Causticum (Causticum) – used for constipation with hard, dry feces, sometimes with mucous discharge; defecation occurs with great difficulty and strain;

Bryonia (Bryoniya) - for dry mucous membranes of the anus, rectum, the same sensations in the mouth, strong thirst, coating on the tongue, no urge to defecate; bloating; can be used by pregnant women;

Hydrastis (Hydrastis) – chronic constipation in patients who have been taking laxatives for a long time; pregnant women who want to eat meat rather than vegetable dishes;

Natrium muriaticum (Natrium muriaticum) - cracks, tears in the anus with bleeding; stabbing sensations after defecation; dry mucous membranes; all this causes embitterment in the patient; paresthesia of the rectal part of the intestine; constipation in patients with displacement of the internal organs of the small pelvis; patients are sweaty, very weak, love salty foods.

Homeopathic medicines should be prescribed by a homeopathic doctor, who will study the patient's medical history, lifestyle, habits and preferences. All this is taken into account when prescribing, and self-medication, even with homeopathic medicines used in extremely small doses, is unsafe.

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Prevention

Prevention of intestinal volvulus is a lifestyle that does not predispose to the development of this disease. In particular, this is of great importance for people with congenital anatomical features of the abdominal organs.

Prevention of this disease consists, first of all, in following a diet. Long-term fasting with excessive saturation afterwards, consumption of large amounts of plant-based foods increases the risk of intestinal torsion.

It is recommended to eat small portions regularly and in a varied manner, 4-5 meals a day, and for those at risk, give preference to liquid, crushed food. Eliminate very hot or cold, fatty, smoked, salty food, and alcohol from the diet.

It is necessary to get rid of difficulties with defecation in a timely manner. If you are prone to constipation due to weak intestinal peristalsis, you need to eat more plant foods, which normalize intestinal motility and promote faster elimination of feces from the body.

In case of constipation caused, for example, by neoplasms, products that stimulate intestinal motility should be removed from the daily menu. Since in this case active intestinal motility can provoke intestinal rotation.

Treat acute inflammatory processes of the peritoneal organs and intestinal infections in a timely manner, which can lead to the development of adhesions and other complications.

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Forecast

The prognosis for intestinal obstruction directly depends on the speed of seeking medical help. If you seek timely help, it is favorable, but delaying time can lead to death.

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