Vesiculitis

Vesiculitis is an inflammatory disease of seminal vesicles. Consider the main causes of the disease, symptoms, methods of diagnosis.

And also ways of treatment, both medicamentous, and alternative and the forecast on convalescence.

Causes of the vesiculitis

Seminal vesicles are a paired organ that is located near the prostate. With the normal functioning of the body and the genitourinary system, they act as a reservoir for storing the prostatic secretion. Vesiculitis is connected to the seminal canal, through which the spermatozoa get out. Vesicles consist of the body, base and excretory duct.

That is, the functions of seminal vesicles and their health for men are difficult to overestimate. But it is also difficult to detect vesiculitis and other pathological processes in this organ. Because of latent symptoms, the disease becomes neglected before the patient seeks medical help.

The causes of vesiculitis are diverse, inflammation can appear on the background of other diseases of the genitourinary system and pelvic organs. As a rule, inflammation arises from neglected  urethritis, chronic prostatitis, or damage to the epididymis. The disease can develop due to a common infection, for example, sore throats, flu or osteomyelitis. There are many factors contributing to the development of vesiculitis, these are frequent constipation, immobile lifestyle or sedentary work, long sexual abstinence or suppression of the immune system.

Vesiculitis occurs in men of different ages, both in young people under 25 years old, and in men of reproductive and advanced age. The prevalence of the disease depends on the standard of living and age. For example, among young people, the inflammatory process often appears due to promiscuous sexual intercourse and urogenital infection. There are two large groups of causes that cause vesiculitis, consider them:

1. Infectious
   • Specific - mixed, trichomonias, tuberculosis, gonorrhea.
   • Nonspecific - viral, bacterial, candidymytic, ureplazmennye, mycoplasmal and caused by chlamydia
2. Stagnant - arise because of stasis secret. In some cases, vesiculitis appears due to venous stasis in the scrotum and pelvic organs.

Most often the inflammatory process appears due to the effects of bacterial flora. The causative agents are staphylococcal and streptococcal microorganisms, protaeus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Klebsiela. Staphylococcal infection is found in young patients who have undergone mixed urethritis. In elderly people, inflammation appears due to gram-negative flora caused by age-related impairment of urine outflow. In 60% of cases, the disease occurs due to infections such as chlamydia, gardnerelli or ureplazmy. In 10% of cases appears under the influence of mycoplasmas and in 5% due to the herpes virus.

There are a number of factors of stasis secretion in seminal vesicles. It can be interrupted sexual intercourse, lack of regular sex life and abstinence, alcohol abuse, hypothermia, sedentary lifestyle and other. But less often, vesiculitis occurs as a result of allergic reactions, metabolic disorders, mechanical injuries, the effects of medications or due to disturbances in the immune system of the body.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Symptoms of the vesiculitis

Symptoms of vesiculitis can for a long time not be felt, which significantly complicates the diagnostic process and makes the inflammation dangerous. The ailment can occur against a background of chronic prostatitis and on the symptomatology indicate the primary disease. In this case, the development of the disease is indicated by high fever, pain in the perineal region and difficulty in urinating. In the semen can appear droplets of blood, and painful sensations increase with a filled bladder. These kinds of symptoms require immediate treatment, as they lead to serious consequences.

Signs of acute vesiculitis:

• Painful sensations in the region of the small pelvis and groin, which are sacrificed in the sacrum.
• The pain is one-sided, even with bilateral damage to seminal vesicles.
• The discomfort is aggravated by the act of bowel movement and full bladder.
• Ejaculation becomes painful, blood stains appear in the sperm.
• Patients complain of general ailments, headaches and fever.

Symptoms of chronic vesiculitis:

• Prolonged pain after intercourse.
• Involuntary ejaculation.
• Pain with erection and ejaculation.
• Aching in the sacrum.
• Difficult, painful urination or dysuria.

But most often the reason for seeking medical help is the presence of blood in the semen. In rare cases, vesiculitis provokes the release of pus with urine and sperm, and a decrease in the number of spermatozoa, which leads to infertility.

Forms

Consider the main forms of vesiculitis:

• The acute form also arises unexpectedly, like any inflammatory process. The disease is characterized by a sharp increase in temperature, pain in the pelvic region during urination and defecation and general weakness. Very often it develops against a background of prostatitis, therefore it can be perceived as its aggravation.
• Chronic vesiculitis is a complication of the acute form of the disease. The patient complains of aching pain in the perineum and pelvis. Problems with ejaculation, erectile dysfunction and changes in the qualitative composition of the seminal fluid begin.

[7], [8], [9], [10]

Acute vesiculitis

Acute vesiculitis is an inflammatory process in seminal vesicles, accompanied by symptoms of organism intoxication and pronounced painful sensations. Acute vesiculitis causes high fever, chills, severe headache. In addition, there are pain in the rectum and spotting during ejaculation.

To diagnose an acute inflammatory process, the patient must pass a urinalysis and analysis of fluid from the seminal vesicles. Obligatory is ultrasound examination, in which the inflamed vesicles appear enlarged. For treatment, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action are used. As ancillary drugs used laxative, means for lowering the temperature and physiotherapy procedures. It is strictly forbidden to engage in self-medication, as this can lead to stretching and purulent filling of seminal vesicles. And in this case, surgical intervention with further restorative therapy is required.

[11], [12], [13], [14]

Chronic vesiculitis

Chronic vesiculitis is one of the forms of inflammatory damage of seminal vesicles, which is characterized by a protracted course. The disease can occur simultaneously with prostatitis or complications of urethritis. The chronic form of the disease is accompanied by blunt pain in the lumbar region, which do not depend on the position of the body. The patient has a feeling of weakness and fatigue, pain in the inguinal and suprapubic region, giving to the rectum and testicles. In addition, frequent urination, weakening of the urine stream, itching and discharge from the urethra are possible.

Diagnosis of chronic vesiculitis is difficult, because of its symptoms, it is similar to many diseases. Therefore, to produce an accurate diagnosis, palpation data and the investigation of their secretions are used. As an auxiliary method, X-ray examination and urethrography are used. In a healthy state, the lumen of the vas deferens canal consists of valve-shaped folds that protect the seminal vesicle from the ingress of fluid from the urethra. Differential diagnosis of chronic vesiculitis with tumors, cysts and tuberculosis of seminal vesicles is mandatory.

Treatment is lengthy and should be systematic. The success of recovery depends on the successful emptying of the secret of the seminal vesicle. For these purposes, use a special massage, which starts from the base of the prostate gland and gradually passes to the top and back. Massage should not cause painful sensations and it is recommended to combine it with diathermy, sedentary baths and mud applications. Ultra-shortwave therapy is very popular. As an antibiotic use of funds that stimulate the body. It is mandatory to follow the vitamin diet and avoid bad habits.

[15], [16], [17], [18], [19],

Prostate vesiculitis

Prostate vesiculitis is an inflammation of the prostate and can be of two forms - acute and chronic. The main cause of the disease is an infection that enters the prostate. Prostate vesiculitis occurs with chronic constipation, as blood flow and lymph circulation in the pelvic organs is disturbed. But there are predisposing factors that lead to the development of pathology: chronic diseases of the genitourinary system, perineal trauma, hypothermia, lack of sexual life or in contrast excess sexual activity and a sedentary lifestyle.

Symptomatic prostate vesiculitis is classic, as for this disease. The patient complains of discomfort in the crotch, bladder and rectum. In acute form, an increase in body temperature and intoxication of the body are possible. Another symptom characteristic of an ailment is a violation of sexual function and the possibility of fertilization. Treatment should be complex, that is, a combination of bactericidal therapy with immunocorrective treatment and physiotherapy.

Bilateral vesiculitis

Bilateral vesiculitis is an inflammation localized in seminal vesicles. In some cases, inflammation appears as an independent pathology, but more often because of the action of pathogenic microorganisms entering the seminal vesicles through the walls of the urethra, from the upper parts of the prostate or the seminal ducts.

The main symptoms of bilateral inflammation are painful ejaculation, pain in the groin and iliac region, premature ejaculation. If the disease takes a chronic form, then there are pronounced pains in the perineum, which give back and cause discomfort when urinating. During the diagnosis, both seminal vesicles are thoroughly examined, as a rule, on one of them the inflammation is more pronounced.

Bilateral vesiculitis can proceed in a mild form, as well as complicated by empyema and the intake of purulent contents from the retrovesical reservoir. In any case, the pathology requires timely diagnosis and properly selected treatment. The sooner therapy is started, there is a higher chance of recovery and full recovery of urogenital functions.

[20], [21], [22], [23]

Diagnostics of the vesiculitis

Diagnosis of vesiculitis is very important, as the effectiveness of the selected treatment depends on its results. At the initial stage, the patient is asked about the symptoms and other signs of the inflammatory process. After the patient's history is collected, they are sent to the rectal examination, during which the pain and inflammation of the anterior wall of the rectum is determined. Then carry out laboratory tests to confirm or deny the diagnosis.

Without fail the patient gives an  overall analysis of blood  and  urine, but this is not enough to make a diagnosis. Therefore, the patient takes seeding the contents of the seminal vesicles to identify pathogenic microorganisms and the inflammatory process. Ultrasonic examination of the pelvic organs is also performed.

Consider the basic algorithm for diagnosing vesiculitis:

• Anamnesis. The patient is asked about the duration of pain in the groin area, the possible injuries of the abdominal area and the genital organ. Also important are data on the quality of sexual life and the lack of difficulties in conceiving children.
• Inspection. The doctor checks whether the genitals of the patient are correctly formed and whether there are any obvious signs of the inflammatory process. A rectal examination is performed, the doctor probes the prostate and seminal vesicles through the anal opening. This allows you to determine the presence of seals in the vesicles and their soreness.
• Lab tests. The patient is given a surrender of urine and blood test, spermogram, seeding of the secret of seminal vesicles, ultrasound examination of the prostate and seminal vesicles. The microscopy of urological smears and their bacteriological culture are also conducted.
• Identification of sexually transmitted diseases. Patient is waiting for PCR diagnosis and blood delivery for the presence of chlamydia, mycoplasmal infection and gonorrhea.

[24], [25], [26],

Treatment of the vesiculitis

The treatment of vesiculitis is completely dependent on the results of the diagnosis. Therapy is based on the causal factors that caused the disease. Treatment is complex, therefore, it consists of measures to enhance the protective properties of the immune system. In particularly severe cases (with suppuration of seminal vesicles), a surgical operation is performed.

Let's consider the basic principles of treatment of various forms of inflammatory disease:

• Reception of antibacterial drugs in accordance with the pathogens identified by microorganisms and their sensitivity to antibiotics.
• Use of analgesic and antipyretic drugs.
• Physiotherapy: ultrasound procedures, massages to reduce stasis secretions and thermal procedures.
• With suppuration of seminal vesicles, surgical treatment is performed. Using a thin needle, make a puncture to flush or remove purulent contents.

Mandatory is symptomatic therapy, which allows you to remove pain. For these purposes, use anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics and laxatives. If chronic vesiculitis is affected, physiotherapy, prostate and seminal vesicle massage, warm compresses and baths are required.

Treatment of vesiculitis with antibiotics

Treatment of vesiculitis with antibiotics depends on the infectious agent of the disease. Typically, patients are prescribed antibiotics such as: Ampicillin, Cephalosporins and others. Also, chemical antibacterial drugs are prescribed: Nitroxoline, Urotraktin, Gramurin and painkillers in the form of rectal suppositories: Anestezin and others.

Consider the treatment of vesiculitis with antibiotics:

• If vesiculitis is caused by white staphylococcus, E. Coli, then the following groups of antibacterial drugs are recommended: Macrolides, Erythromycin, Tetracyclines, Doxycycline, Sumamed, Nitrofurans and others.
• In the inflammatory process caused by rare pathogens (klebsiela, proteus) or urogenital infections (ureplasma, gardnerella, chlamydia), treatment should be performed in both sexual partners. For these purposes, use antibacterial drugs from the Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Fluoroquinolones. At the same time, it is recommended to have at least two complete courses of treatment with an interval of 5-7 days.
• Vesiculitis caused by a specific infection, that is, tuberculosis, syphilis or gonorrhea is treated with penicillin antibiotics, Cephalosporins or Rifampicin.
• If the inflammatory process has occurred against the background of a stagnant factor, then for therapy use such drugs as: Trental, Dartiline.

Therapeutic properties also have auxiliary therapy. Patients are prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs: Indomethacin, Diclofenac, as well as immunomodulators: Viferon, Pyrogenal, Tactivine.

Treatment of vesiculitis in the home

Vesiculitis treatment at home is popular with many patients. And this is not surprising, since with inflammation in the early stages, similar methods can eliminate the symptoms of seminal vesicle damage.

Let's consider some effective prescriptions of treatment of a vesiculitis in house conditions:

• Take 10 grams of sage leaves, 25 grams of burdock root, 10 grams of St. John's wort, nettle, fennel, calendula, black poplar buds and field stalk. Mix all the ingredients, pour 500 ml of hot water and insist in a warm place or in a thermos for 10-12 hours. The received remedy is recommended to be taken three times a day before meals, the course of treatment is 1-2 months. Infusion has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating, wound-healing and analgesic properties.
• From camomile chamomile can be prepared warm baths to reduce inflammation, enhance the protective properties of the immune system and reduce the sensitivity of the skin. To prepare a medicinal bath it is recommended to use 200 g of chamomile and boiled water not warmer than 40 degrees. The bath is taken 20 minutes before bedtime. Such treatment should last throughout the entire therapy of vesiculitis.
• To treat vesiculitis at home, you can use a variety of juices. For example, carrot, berry, cucumber or celery juice have a diuretic effect, which positively affects the urinary tract and increases the overall resistance of the body.

Treatment of vesiculitis by alternative means

Treatment of vesiculitis with alternative means involves the use of medicinal plants that are safe for health. Particularly effective are herbal preparations, broths from herbs, baths, compresses and lotions. Most often for therapy use suppositories with propolis, mud rectal tampons, warm sedentary baths and microclysters with vegetable decoctions.

Consider several recipes for the treatment of vesiculitis by alternative means:

• Shred parsley seeds, pour them with water and put on a water bath for 20 minutes. The resulting broth should be filtered and taken one tablespoon once a day. Parsley has diuretic properties and well cleanses the urinary tract.
• Mix the equal parts of plantain leaves, the color of the linden, the mother-and-stepmother, the nettle and the grass of the hog queen. Vegetable ingredients pour boiling water and insist for 20-30 minutes. Take 2-3 tablespoons before each meal.
• Take fresh burdock root, grate, pour water and put on a slow fire for 10-15 minutes. The received product must be filtered and taken 50 g 3-4 times a day, before each meal.

In order for the alternative treatment to be really effective, it must be combined with complex therapy from antibacterial drugs and physiotherapy procedures.

Prevention

Prevention of vesiculitis is aimed at preventing recurrence of the disease. As a rule, for this purpose, urologists prescribe to patients a sanatorium-and-spa treatment. In any case, to prevent the inflammation of seminal vesicles is difficult, since it is necessary to identify the main cause of its occurrence. It is necessary to eliminate the local causes of inflammation, that is, urethritis and prostatitis.

Treatment should be aimed at sanation of foci of chronic infectious lesions. Antibiotics are used for these purposes. Vesiculitis can occur due to an infection that is located far from the seminal vesicles. This suggests that you need to treat any infectious foci. In some cases even carious teeth can be attached to vesiculitis. But the absence of bacteria does not guarantee that the inflammation does not appear. For example, against a background of slight hypothermia, symptoms of acute damage to seminal vesicles may appear.

Consider the basic rules, compliance with which reduces the risk of inflammation in seminal vesicles:

• It is necessary to protect the body from hypothermia, prolonged sedentary work, constipation, trauma in the perineum and unprotected sexual acts. Such bad habits, like alcoholism and smoking, provoke vesiculitis. Masturbation, sexual excesses and frequent changes in sexual partners are another factor that causes inflammation.
• At the same time, regular sex life, timely treatment of chronic infections and diseases, healthy eating, exercise and regular sex life are the best methods of preventing vesiculitis.

For prevention, it is recommended to use physiotherapy to strengthen general and local mechanisms of immunity, reflexotherapy to stimulate tissue repair processes, exercise therapy and electrotherapy to eliminate inflammation and improve metabolism of cells and tissues. Another mandatory factor in preventing the inflammatory process is personal hygiene. Regular toilet of genitals and change of linen are an integral element of prophylaxis of vesiculitis.

[27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34]

Forecast

The prognosis of vesiculitis is based on the form of the inflammatory disease, the general course of the disease and the individual characteristics of the patient's body. For example, acute vesiculitis can lead to suppuration of seminal vesicles, causing severe pain in the groin and symptoms of intoxication. In this case, urgent surgical intervention is required to prevent dangerous consequences for health and life. If vesiculitis occurs in chronic form, then without timely treatment, the forecast is unfavorable, since the disease can cause infertility and impotence.

Vesiculitis is a dangerous disease for men, which causes damage to the seminal vesicles responsible for the production of seminal fluid and the possibility of fertilization. With timely diagnosis and treatment, the disease can be eliminated and the prognosis of the ailment will be favorable. But the lack of therapy threatens with dangerous health complications.

[35], [36], [37]