Severe sinus arrhythmia

Sinus arrhythmia denotes in medicine the fact that the patient has failed in the work of the heart, a growing change in the heart rate, which, in turn, leads to a violation of his rhythm. In a healthy state, the time intervals between strokes remain the same, while the synchronism of the sequence of contraction of the cardiac divisions remains intact. The optimal number of strokes in a quiet state, usually, is from 60 to 90 beats per minute.

With such pathology, the patient may not even notice these deviations. The situation is worse when a pronounced sinus arrhythmia is diagnosed, in which there is already a malfunction in the supply of blood to the brain cells.

[1], [2], [3], [4]

Causes of severe sinus arrhythmia

No one should prove the fact that a positive result of therapy largely depends on the correct establishment of the cause of pronounced sinus arrhythmia.

The main, and, perhaps, most often ascertained source of the pathology in question is a violation in the work of the heart.

• Ischemic disease ranks first in frequency of manifestations. With such a course of the disease, the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen.
• Myocardial infarction. In this case there is necrosis of individual parts of the cardiac tissue, followed by scarring.
• Myocarditis is the process of inflammation of the heart muscle.
• Heart failure. There is a failure in the pumping system.
• Cardiomyopathy caused by structural disorders affecting the tissues of the heart muscle.
• Heart disease (both congenital and acquired).

To provoke the expressed sinus arrhythmia can also diseases of other organs and systems.

• The most common cause of this symptomatology is vegetative-vascular dystonia.
• Anemia.
• Pathology associated with hormonal failure.
• Bronchitis or asthma.
• Diabetes.
• Hyperthermia - overheating of the body.
• Disease of the adrenal glands.
• Pathological change in the functioning of the thyroid gland.
• In elderly people, due to age-related changes, worsen the circulatory process.
• Stress.
• Great prolonged physical or emotional stress.
• Overdose of medicines, for example, such as glycosides, antiarrhythmics, beta-blockers, diuretics. Such pathology can lead to irreversible consequences in the human body.
• Drinking alcohol and smoking.

[5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]

Symptoms of severe sinus arrhythmia

The heart pulse is "formed" in the sinus node, consisting of specific cells located in the tissues of the heart wall. Their main work is the production of an electric pulse, which, running through the fibers of tissues, is the signal of the muscle to contract. In a healthy organism, the frequency of the triggered signals is in the acceptable range from 60 to 90 pulses over a period of one minute, which corresponds to the number of strokes received.

In many respects, it is the conducting fiber system that is responsible for the coordination and frequency of contraction, and if a failure occurs in it, first of all the heart pathology begins to progress, and as a consequence of its development, a mismatch in the sequence of atrial and ventricular contractions.

Symptoms of pronounced sinus arrhythmia largely depend on the type of disturbance of the heart rhythm:

• With tachycardia, the increase in the number of heartbeats is higher than 90 beats per minute:
  • A person begins to lack oxygen.
  • There is an increased pulsation in the temples and heart area, it just "jumps out" of the chest.
  • The respite.
  • Pain on the left side of the chest caused by a large load of the myocardium.
  • There is a pain symptomatology behind the sternum and on the left side of the chest.
• With bradycardia - reducing the number of cuts less than 60 beats per minute:
  • Pain in the head area.
  • General weakness of the body and a decrease in its tone.
  • Dizziness.
  • Heart fading.
• The examined pathology also manifests itself:
  • Violation of the supply of the brain with blood, and, respectively, oxygen and nutrition.
  • Pre-condition. Fainting.

Pronounced sinus arrhythmias during sleep

Failures in the rhythm and heart rate can be associated with the processes of inspiration and expiration, and do not refer to pathologies if the deviation from the norm is no more than 10%.

In a number of patients, the cause of heart rhythm disturbance can be a sharp change in the position of the body during sleep, or a change of position from horizontal to vertical, as a result of the compensatory reaction of the body.

But there are also more serious diseases, which are capable of provoking the failure of the rhythm and frequency of contractions. During sleep, pronounced sinus arrhythmias can occur on the background of obstructive apnea after abnormal respiratory arrest. In patients who have a history of such a disease, the probability of appearance of both pronounced bradycardia and tachycardia is great. In this case, the numerical value of the decrease or, conversely, the increase in the cuts per minute can show quite impressive - from 30 to 40. In this case, every minute change in the number of strokes, from larger to smaller, and vice versa, leads to sometimes irreversible changes in the work of the organ. There is a decrease in the volume of pumped blood. Such a clinical picture requires immediate medical intervention of qualified specialists.

The most frequent cases (up to 68%) are severe sinus bradycardia caused by obstructive sleep apnea, when the frequency of contractions decreases to 30-50 beats per minute. This picture is caused by the vagal mechanism of transformation, in which the body, by reducing the number of impulses, tries to protect itself by reducing the need for myocardium in oxygen. This need is forming against the backdrop of hypoxemia, which is an essential accompaniment of obstructive sleep apnea.

As the resuscitation measures are carried out and the respiratory activity is restored. There is an episodic manifestation of bradycardia, then tachycardia.

Therefore, if a patient has a tachycardia or a bradycardia in the background of sleep, one can speak about the presence of an obstructive apnea in his anamnesis. It is this picture that can serve as one of the diagnostic criteria for this disease.

Severe sinus arrhythmia in adults

Over time, growing up, the body begins to wear out, adding to its history, more and more pathological abnormalities. A pronounced sinus arrhythmia in adults is also possible, which is considered the norm only if the source of the violation of the heart rhythm is forced breathing. That is, deep, frequent breaths and exhalations.

The situation can be attributed to the situation of the appearance of rapid heartbeat, associated with nervous overstrain, being in a stressful state, with a strong fright and similar situations. Basically, enough to calm down, so that the heart rate also came back to normal.

If the cause of heart rhythm disturbance is not noted above by the listed sources, manifests with enviable constancy and has deeper pathological roots, then, in most cases, it should not be left without attention. Consultation and assistance of a specialist is simply necessary.

Severe sinus arrhythmia in the child

The child's organism is not yet perfect and the pronounced sinus arrhythmia in the child is a frequent phenomenon associated with the occurrence of respiratory arrhythmia or similar changes in the condition.

The reason for this symptomatology, which appears in young children, can also be:

• Congenital heart defect.
• Vegeto-vascular dystonia.

To determine the cause, it is necessary to collect anamnesis of the child and conduct a general examination of his body, it is not superfluous to Holter study (a technique for detecting cardiac rhythm disturbances).

Severe sinus arrhythmia in adolescents

There are also cases when pronounced sinus arrhythmia in adolescents is observed. If in his anamnesis there are no congenital or acquired pathological changes in the work of the heart, then one of the main deviations from the norm can be called the period of puberty, when there is a "splash" of the hormonal background caused by the activation of the work of hormone-producing organs. These are such as the thyroid gland, the genitals and the adrenal system.

These symptoms, after the end of the period of puberty, eventually stop themselves and especially worry about this issue should not be. If heart rhythm disturbances still frighten parents, then it is possible to consult a specialist who will give recommendations on maintenance therapy.

Diagnosis of severe sinus arrhythmia

Moderate disturbance of the heart rhythm often does not have an intense manifestation, whereas when frequent and regular attacks occur, it requires, in order to establish the source of the pathology, a more attentive attitude and mandatory examination. Diagnosis of severe sinus arrhythmia usually includes:

• Collection of anamnesis of the patient.
• An analysis of his complaints and symptoms.
• Carrying out electrocardiography, which allows you to estimate the deviation in the frequency and rhythm of the heart beat. The presence of a tooth R in it and says that the cause of the violation of the heart rhythm is the sinus node. If there is a decrease in the RR interval, this fact indicates an acceleration of the rhythm. Elongation of RR intervals, associated with bradycardia and a decrease in rhythm.
• Monitoring of the condition of the heart, using the holter apparatus. The procedure consists in wearing a special apparatus (mini-ECG) that transmits the main heart rate indicators to the receiving device during the day (24 hours). The monitoring diary fixes the heart rate at rest, while climbing the stairs, when the patient is pacified or under stress and so on.
• If necessary, the patient is assigned ultrasound diagnosis. It makes it possible to visually observe the state of various structural components and obtain the dimensional parameters of the heart chambers.
• A biochemical analysis of urine and blood is mandatory.
• You can not do without research on the level of various sex hormones in the body of an adult or an adolescent.
• To exclude the organic nature of the pathology, an ECHO cardiogram can be prescribed.

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Treatment of severe sinus arrhythmia

Methods of arresting the problem are different and largely depend on the cause of the pathology. It is possible to eliminate the pathological symptom and get it yourself, shielding yourself from the catalyst of rhythm mismatch. If this, for example, concerns a teenager during his puberty, then you just have to endure. As soon as hormones "calm down" problems with the heart will disappear on their own.

However, if it is a question of severe pathological deviations leading to a disruption of the blood supply of vital organs, treatment of this pathological condition requires a more careful and scrupulous attitude. It is possible to apply the tested therapeutic techniques and the method of electrocardiostimulation.

Pacing is usually used in cases where pronounced sinus arrhythmia is aggravated by attacks of loss of consciousness.

Selection of the procedure and protocol of therapy is carried out by the treating doctor only individually, based on the clinical picture of the disease and the patient's state of health.

If the source of disturbance of the heart rhythm is a prolonged stress, a nervous shock or other situation, tied to the influence on the nervous system of the human body, then it is quite natural to prescribe such a sedative medication to such a patient. It can be: tincture of valerian, lycane, valosedan, new passit, valocordin, sanosone, motherwort tincture, nerve flux, corvalol, perseus fort.

Combined sedative valocordin is taken orally three times throughout the day. The dosage of the drug is individual and ranges from 15 to 20 drops, which are dripped into a container with a small amount of water. In the case of not achieving therapeutic efficacy and in the event of medical necessity, 30 drops are allowed in one session. The duration of the course of treatment is established by the attending physician.

Contraindications of the drug include the increased sensitivity of the patient's body to any of the components of valocordin, a severe and moderate disruption in the functioning of the kidney and / or liver, the age of the patient under the age of 18, as well as the period of pregnancy and feeding the newborn baby with breast milk.

With extreme caution, taking the drug in case of presence in the patient's anamnesis of the pathology of the brain or alcoholism.

If the pathological picture shows the heart rate of an average person below 45 beats per minute, and the athlete has less than 35 cuts, while the clinic determines violations in the work of central hemodynamics, the medical consultation raises the question of installing an pacemaker.

This drug is a miniature device, which, through the necessary manipulation, is inserted under the patient's skin in the subclavian zone. The device is equipped with a special chip, which, according to a previously developed program, begins to send pulse signals that travel along the electrodes to the ventricles and atria. In this case, the pacemaker is turned on only if the heart's own impulses fall below the critical level.

Prevention of severe sinus arrhythmia

There are no specific recommendations regarding the prevention of this pathology. But measures to reduce the likelihood of developing the pathology in question still exist, and they are indicated by generally accepted rules aimed at maintaining a balanced diet, an active and healthy lifestyle.

• First of all, you should lead an active lifestyle, not allowing hypodynamia.
• A healthy full-fledged diet rich in minerals, trace elements and vitamins.
• If possible, stressful situations should be avoided.
• Positive thinking.
• Do not ignore the rules of personal hygiene.
• Maintain your immune status at a high level.
• Balance of physical or mental loads with a full rest.
• If you have any problems related to health, you should contact a qualified specialist in time and, if necessary, undergo a survey and complete treatment.
• Regular airing of the room.
• Walks in the open air.
• Rejection of bad habits.

All this will significantly reduce the risk of the onset and progression of severe sinus arrhythmia, the symptomatology of which can become a manifestation of a sufficiently serious disease that provokes irreversible organic changes in the patient's body.

Prognosis of severe sinus arrhythmia

Definitely make a prediction of this disease can only be a qualified specialist, after he has on hand the results of the examination and the complete picture of the disease that has become the cause of the pathological manifestation.

Quite probably the palpitation is a result of the raised or increased influences on an organism, for example, physical or mental loadings. In this case, it is likely that there will be sufficient rest and correcting your working day and more systematic redistribution of loads, so that pathological symptoms disappear.

But if the cause of heart rhythm disturbance in severe pathological disruption of the heart, then in some cases it is not necessary to talk about a favorable prognosis. It is likely that the patient will be prescribed and prescribed permanent medication maintenance therapy, or the question arises of administering a cardiac pacemaker subcutaneously, without which the patient will suffer a fatal outcome.

Are they taking into the army with pronounced sinus arrhythmia?

The spring or autumn appeal "on the nose" and many young men who reached the age of conscription, as well as their parents are eager to get more information about how the recruitment proceeds, what categories of recruits are not subject to conscription?

Parents, in the first place, are concerned about this issue, if there is a disease in the history of their son. In this article, we will try to answer the question, do you take into the army with pronounced sinus arrhythmia? To do this, refer to the regulatory documents.

When the agenda is received, the young man needs to report to the military enlistment office, where he, with the same recruits, must pass all the doctors without fail. On the basis of a complete diagnosis of the body, the military commission gives a conclusion: the conscript is suitable or not suitable for military service.

Young men who have reached the age of conscription are not encouraged to serve in the army if they have a pronounced sinus arrhythmia, which is a symptom of other, more serious diseases, or is a concomitant pathology.

Among such diseases:

• Pathologies of rheumatoid orientation, concomitant heart failure. Such a diagnosis is a white ticket for all categories.
• Cardiosclerosis.
• Heart failure is moderate, developing on the basis of rheumatism. White ticket for the first and second category. If the third one is at the conclusion of the draftee, a verdict is made - it is fit for military service.
• Mitral valve prolapse.
• After surgical treatment, performed on the heart, associated with a failure of the cardiovascular system.
• Acute cardiac dysfunction, weighed down, persistent violation of the frequency and rhythm of the heartbeats, in a chronic condition.
• Dysfunction of the left heart ventricle. Patients with only the fourth category of pathology are not admitted to the service.
• Paroxysmal tachy- and bradycardia, changes in conduction of cardiac fibers, weakness of the sinus node, prolonged failures of the heart rhythm.
• Young men with congenital or acquired heart disease are not allowed to call.

That is, if the conscript diagnoses signs of a violation in the work of the heart, having an organic character, a young man is not allowed to serve in the ranks of the army. If the expressed sinus arrhythmia does not have concomitant pathological diseases, the draftee is considered fit for service.

Life is complicated, but it's a wonderful thing, and in order not to make it even harder and shorter, it's worth taking a closer look at your body and the signals that it gives to your master. If you, or someone from your loved ones, have severe sinus arrhythmia, you need to "sound an alarm" and seek the help of a qualified specialist. Let it be a consultation, on which he will simply give recommendations and adjust your daily routine and nutrition, than time will be missed and upon treatment a terrible diagnosis is made. Such irresponsible attitude can significantly shorten the duration of your life and its quality. Therefore, be more attentive to yourself and more responsible for your health, and medicine, if necessary, will help you!

[14], [15], [16], [17]