Lymphofollicular hyperplasia

Hyperplasia is a process of pathological proliferation of cells. Lymphofollicular hyperplasia is an increase in the follicular tissue of the mucosa / submucosa. The disease occurs in patients of all age categories without reference to gender, food preferences and regardless of place of residence.

Lymphofollicular hyperplasia in the endocrine sphere is diagnosed, but the digestive system most often affects. What caused the prevalence of pathology in the gastrointestinal tract? Of course, the number of predisposing factors - diseases of the digestive system in the chronic stage, the consumption of a large number of carcinogens, the level of stagnation. Hyperplastic changes in the endocrine organs are detected on the background of endocrine or systemic disorders. For example, limfofollikular lesion of the thymus gland is observed with the already existing pathology of the pituitary gland.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]

Causes of lymphofollicular hyperplasia

The appearance of hyperplasia is associated with a variety of negative effects on the tissue, leading to an increase in the number of cells. To launch a disease-causing mechanism may be associated problems - obesity, a violation of liver function, hyperglycemia, etc. Hereditary factor experts also refer to the risk factor.

There are following causes of lymphofollikular hyperplasia:

• dysfunction of internal secretion of the gastric mucosa;
• hormonal abnormalities;
• malfunctions in the work of nervous regulation of the digestive tract;
• the harmful effects of carcinogens that activate pathological cell division;
• exposure to products of specific tissue degradation;
• blastomogenic effect;
• the presence of chronic, autoimmune, atrophic diseases of the digestive system (often gastritis of these forms);
• the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria;
• persistent nervous disorders and stress;
• herpesvirus infection;
• disorders of gastric motility and 12-intestine;
• pathologies of an immune character.

[8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16],

Symptoms of lymphofollicular hyperplasia

Manifestations of pathogenic symptoms largely depend on the localization of the pathological focus. Generalized signs are considered to be temperature increase, sensation of weakness, quantitative increase of lymphocytes and lowering of albumin level. It should be noted that often with a benign lesion the symptoms of lymphofollikular hyperplasia are absent. Negative symptoms are common in neglected and especially difficult cases of hyperplastic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, which are characterized by abdominal pain (often in epigastrium) in the presence of dyspeptic disorders.

The stages of hyperplasia are classified according to the size and distribution of follicles:

• zero - lymphoid follicles absent or weakly expressed, small in size and chaotic;
• the first is the diffuse, single sprouting of small follicles;
• the second is a dense, diffuse distribution without merging into conglomerates;
• the third is the crowding of follicles at times into large colonies, their mucous membrane may be hyperemic;
• the fourth - erosive areas, marked hyperemia of the mucosa with the presence of fibrin deposits, mucous membrane of matte color, there is an increase in vascular pattern.

Proceeding from the resulted features of formation and a current of a pathology, it is possible to conclude:

• lympho-follicular hyperplasia of the gastrointestinal tract gives clinical manifestations only at 3-4 stages in the form of intestinal bleeding, pain syndrome of varying intensity of the abdominal region;
• the detection of the disease in other cases is a random event, since there is no specific symptomatology.

Lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa

The complex structure of the gastric mucosa is due to the fulfillment of a multitude of functions, including secretory activity, protection and participation in the process of peristalsis. Healthy mucous is the key to the proper functioning of the entire digestive system.

Excessive growth of epithelial cells with simultaneous thickening of the mucous walls is called lymphofollikular hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa. Pathology is often accompanied by the formation of growths or polyps. The cause of the disease are neurological and hormonal changes. Lymphofollicular hyperplasia is rarely transformed into an oncology. The appearance of cancer cells in most cases contributes to dysplasia of the epithelium, in which healthy cells of the mucous layer grow into cells with a pronounced atypical structure. The most dangerous is mucosal metaplasia, characterized by digestive dysfunction and a high probability of malignant tumors.

The diagnosis and appropriate treatment are the main tasks of a gastroenterologist. Moreover, therapeutic methods are selected individually for each pathology.

Lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the antrum of the stomach

According to statistical data, the cause of the lesion of the antral region of the stomach in the presence of chronic gastritis is due not only to the reaction to inflammation (the microorganism-causative agent in this case is Helicobacter pylori), but is a consequence of the weakening of immunity. Immune changes in combination with gastritis, as practice shows, are detected under the condition of reduced acidity, which in turn is a prerequisite for the appearance of autoimmune diseases.

The study of pathology in childhood led to the conclusion that lymphofollikular hyperplasia of the antral part of the stomach is a consequence of autoimmune rheumatic disease, and not the effects of bacteria. Of course, the presence of pathogenic flora and autoimmune deviations at times increases the risk of hyperplasia.

Changes in the mucous often lead to the appearance of polyps, the localization of which in the antrum takes about 60% of all cases of lesions of the stomach. Polyps inflammatory nature, in other words, hyperplastic occur with a frequency of 70 to 90%, developing from a submucosal or mucous layer. They are rounded, cylindrical, dense formations with a wide base and a flat apex.

Lymphofollicular hyperlasia of the ileum

The lower part of the small intestine is called the ileum, lined from the inside by the mucosa with an abundance of villi. The surface is equipped with lymphatic vessels and capillaries, involved in the assimilation of nutrients and nutrients. So fats are absorbed by the lymphatic sinus, and sugars with amino acids are absorbed by the bloodstream. Mucous and submucosal layers of the ileum are represented by circular folds. In addition to absorbing the necessary substances, the body produces special enzymes and digests food.

Lymphofollikular hyperplasia of the ileum is formed, as a consequence of immunodeficiency and proliferative processes of the intestinal wall. Disturbances are detected with a specific response to external stimulation of the lymphoid tissue of the intestine. Clinical manifestations of the pathological condition:

• liquid stool (with frequent urges up to 7 times a day);
• inclusion of mucus / blood in the stool;
• abdominal pain;
• a sharp decrease in body weight;
• increased gassing, bloating and rumbling in the abdomen;
• a marked decrease in the body's defenses.

Differentiate the disease allows blood tests, urine, feces, as well as examination through fiber-fibrous endoscopy. As a rule, lymphofollikular hyperplasia is diagnosed exclusively in the terminal zone of the ileum, which indicates the secondary nature of the pathological process and does not need a therapeutic effect. As a therapeutic and prophylactic measures, a strict diet with restriction of a number of food products can be recommended. If it is a serious inflammation, a suspicion of cancer or Crohn's disease, then medication or surgery is used.

Diagnosis of lymphokollicular hyperplasia

The complexity of early detection of the pathological condition of the mucosa lies in the asymptomatic course of the disease at the first stages of formation. Often, the detection of lymphoid follicles occurs randomly during colonosleoscopy for other indications. Unfortunately, patients' treatment begins with the appearance of intestinal bleeding or intolerable pain in the abdomen, which corresponds to the last stages of the disease.

An increase in the mucosal layer in the stomach and intestine can be investigated by means of endoscopic technologies, which include - colonoscopy, FGDs and sigmoidoscopy. Diagnosis of lympho-follicular hyperplasia is also performed by X-ray diffraction using contrast agents. X-ray research helps to assess the extent of spread of newly formed cells, and endoscopic examination allows to obtain biological material for histology.

Confirmation of the diagnosis of lymphofollicular hyperplasia indicates the need for continuous monitoring of the condition in view of the possible overgrowth of abnormal areas in malignant tumors.

[17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]

Treatment of lymphofollicular hyperplasia

Lymphofollikular hyperplasia of the mucous membrane, flowing with obvious signs of the pathological process, is treated by lowering the acidity of the stomach and suppressing the activity of Helicobacter pylori. The therapeutic scheme for suppressing Helicobacter pylori with mandatory elimination of gastritis takes two weeks, including taking medications (including antibiotics) and diet.

The presence of malignant tissues makes surgical intervention necessary. Hyperplasia of the digestive system may require resection of the stomach or excision of the intestinal tract. The rehabilitation period depends on the severity of the disease, the success of the operation and the general condition of the patient. An important point after surgical manipulation remains a constant observation to avoid relapses and complications.

The detection of a pathological focus in the endocrine or hematopoietic system with signs of malignant process requires a long combined treatment combining surgical techniques and chemotherapeutic effects.

Treatment of lympho-follicular hyperplasia of a benign nature, as a rule, is not carried out.

Prevention of lymphofollikular hyperplasia

Considering the fact that lymphofollicular hyperplasia in most cases is asymptomatic, it is possible to detect pathology at the stage of nucleation only by regular examinations. Therefore, regular visits to a medical institution for the purpose of a preventive check-up are mandatory.

Prevention of lympho-follicular hyperplasia includes general recommendations: healthy and nutritious meals, observance of the daily regimen, moderate physical activity, the availability of time for rest and relaxation, minimizing stressful situations, and avoiding addictions to tobacco / alcohol / narcotic substances.

It should be noted that lovers of self-medication or alternative drugs are at risk, since the marked symptoms of hyperplasia occur only in the late stages of pathology. The launched processes are difficult to treat, grow into chronic forms of disease, require complex surgical interventions, are able to transform into malignant neoplasms.

Prognosis of lymphofollicular hyperplasia

The number of patients with chronic diseases of the digestive system is growing steadily. Similar pathologies are increasingly detected in childhood, leading to severe consequences and even disability. Presence in the gastrointestinal tract of Helicobacter pylori is associated with the development of autoimmune gastritis, which in turn is provoked by the herpes virus. As, for example, with mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr infection, the epithelium of the digestive organs with obvious signs of lympho- follicular hyperplasia is observed.

For the qualitative treatment of autoimmune gastritis of chronic course, early diagnosis remains the determining factor. Gastritis of an autoimmune type has a doctrophic form corresponding to an immune response that provokes lymphofollicular hyperplasia.

The prognosis of lympho-follicular hyperplasia is better the earlier the disease is detected. By complex therapy, which includes a regimen for the treatment of chronic gastritis (combination of interferon with immunocorrection and valaciclovir), they stop the pathological focus of the stomach mucosa, normalize the defenses of the body and achieve a stable remission.

The diagnosis of lymphofollicular hyperplasia should be confirmed by clinical, morphological, endoscopic, virological and immunological data. Only after the listed researches it is possible to appoint qualitative and effective treatment.