Knee synovitis

Synovitis of the knee joint is a common pathology, which is associated with inflammation of the joint connective tissue (synovial membrane). As a result, liquid starts to accumulate in it, which can later have a purulent character. The disease is very serious and requires special attention.

The largest of all the joints in the human skeleton is the knee. The importance of its functions is difficult to overestimate. He not only gives us the opportunity to walk and run, but also implements a supporting function. As a result, it is the knee that most often undergoes various kinds of injuries.

ICD-10 code

In medicine, the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision is used.

ICD-10 since January 2007 is a generally accepted international classification of medical diagnosis codes. It was developed by the World Health Organization. This classification has 21 sections and subsections. In the sections there is a list of disease codes. ICD-10 is a normative document that helps to keep a record of morbidity worldwide.

The synovitis of the knee joint according to the ICD-10 has the code M65.

Causes of synovitis of the knee joint

The causes of synovitis of the knee can be divided into several categories:

• mechanical damage resulting from injury. Pathology in this case is characterized by a significant destruction of the connective tissue of the joint surface;
• changes inside the joint cavity due to loss of mobility and elasticity of tissues. In this case, not rapid infection develops and purulent inflammation is observed.

Traumatic appearance is more common than others. This disease has been studied most thoroughly and has a wide range of treatment options.

A special case requiring attention is the development of synovitis against the background of knee injury. Such cases lead to the development of a reactive species of synovitis of the joint.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

Symptoms of synovitis of the knee joint

To accurately determine the pathology of the symptoms of synovitis of the knee joint are important. Among them there are several dominant, which are inherent in all types of the disease:

• pain that is dull;
• the formation of exudate in large quantities, which leads to an increase in the size of the joint;
• a violation of the natural work of the joint, which is not uncommonly painful;

Knowing the main symptoms will help to quickly determine the nature of the injury. If you find all of the above symptoms, you need to see a doctor as soon as possible.

Acute synovitis of the knee joint

It is one of the types of this disease. In acute form, the knee volume increases for a period of time from a few hours to a day. In this case, the contours of the knee are smoothed out, its shape changes. Also, accompanying symptoms include increased body temperature, painful sensations in palpation, restriction of joint movements.

All these symptoms appear gradually, but swelling of the joint is observed after a few minutes.

[6], [7], [8], [9],

Chronic synovitis of the knee joint

Another form of the pathology in question is the chronic synovitis of the knee. This species is much less common than others.

At the first stage of development of the chronic form weakly expressed clinical manifestations of the disease are observed. Often, patients indicate fatigue, fatigue during walking, aching pain and minor discomfort in the affected joint during movement. As a result of the accumulation of a large amount of effusion, a dropsy (hydratrosis) forms in the region of the joint cavity. Her continued interaction with the joint leads to sprain and spasm.

[10], [11], [12], [13], [14],

Reactive synovitis of the knee joint

It is characterized by a complication of the inflammatory process, which stimulates an increase in the volume of fluid in the joint area, which limits its mobility. It is not so common, but it is necessary to know the nature of the manifestation and treatment of this form of the disease.

This type of disease is secondary, when there are already signs of a major pathology. Doctors consider it an allergic reaction, which is caused by a toxic or mechanical effect.

That is why the elimination of symptoms of reactive synovitis is closely related to the therapy of the underlying disease.

Post-traumatic synovitis of the knee joint

The most common form of this pathology. The main cause is injuries, abrasions or cuts.

The body immediately reacts to the resulting damage to the synovium and an effusion is formed in the joint cavity.

To diagnose the trauma that has developed in the patient you need to find the cause that caused the disease. It is after the trauma that the post-traumatic form of pathology develops.

Synovitis of the right knee joint

Among all cases of diseases it is the synovitis of the right knee that occurs most often. The reason for this is the fact that in most people it is the right leg that has the status of a supporting one, as a result of which more load comes to it. In such cases, a common form of pathology is traumatic or post-traumatic illness. If the right knee is injured as a result of a dislocation or injury, then in the synovial membrane begins to accumulate fluid, which leads to an increase in the volume of the knee.

As a result of diagnosing this form of pathology, treatment is primarily aimed at eliminating injuries after trauma.

Synovitis of the left knee joint

The cause, because of which the synovitis of the left knee develops, is most often an infection that has fallen into the joint cavity. In addition, problems with metabolism or autoimmune diseases can lead to this disease.

Inflammation without infection of the synovial bag is not dangerous. But as a result of changing the composition of the liquid, various microorganisms can appear. It is this inflammation that can lead to complications. Sometimes pathology is difficult to determine visually at once.

Symptoms quickly begin to manifest and become noticeable. Begins to deform the shape of the knee due to the accumulating fluid, which entails limiting the movements. Painful sensations do not always manifest themselves from the first minutes, but make themselves felt over time.

As in the therapy of any disease with synovitis, it is important to establish the correct diagnosis. For complete certainty, it is better to do a fluid analysis to determine its composition.

Minimization of knee joint synovitis

In order to designate the right treatment, the physician must perform a comprehensive examination to identify the cause that has made it possible to develop inflammation and the manifestation of the disease.

First of all, the accumulated fluid is analyzed in the diseased joint cavity. Puncture is performed by qualified surgeons. Anesthesia in this case is not used, because the patient does not feel severe pain, only minor discomfort. The doctor takes a needle sample of the liquid, which is sent to a laboratory study.

The next measure of therapy is to ensure rest. To do this, use tires and bandages. For this type of disease, a pressure bandage is most often used.

Moderate synovitis of the knee joint

Often even a moderate synovitis of the knee joints people try to treat by alternative means. However, not everyone understands that this method of treatment can not completely eliminate the disease. The use of alternative drugs is only possible in conjunction with other treatment options for the disease.

Often to improve the condition of the joint cavity using compresses from the comfrey medicinal, which perfectly heals the tissue.

In addition, decoctions of herbs are popular. Most often it is recommended to mix echinacea, yarrow, eucalyptus, thyme, tansy, birch leaves and oregano. This mixture is poured with boiling water and insisted for an hour. A decoction of these herbs can be drunk all day in breaks between meals.

Unconventional methods of therapy have many admirers, but still one should not forget that only a doctor can establish an accurate diagnosis and, in accordance with him, prescribe an effective treatment.

Pronounced synovitis of the knee joint

For a pronounced synovitis of the knee, there are various treatment options:

• therapy to restore impaired leg function;
• elimination of the cause that caused the disease;
• general restorative and symptomatic therapy;
• physiotherapy;
• procedures of the physiotherapeutic room.

Depending on the stage and cause of the pathology, both a conservative and an operative method of treatment are possible.

If surgical intervention is unavoidable, then surgery is the first stage of therapy, and later rehabilitation and medication therapy will be used.

Recurrent synovitis of the knee joint

Such drugs as heparin and brufen are used if a chronic recurrent synovitis of the knee has been identified. These drugs are most often prescribed on the fourth or fifth day after removal of the fluid from the joint cavity. If you assign them immediately after surgery, it can cause bleeding.

In addition, for the therapy of this form, trisilol, lysozyme, countercranum are often used.

If it is not possible to achieve positive results with conservative treatment, partial or complete synovectomy is performed. This is an operation that is based on the opening of the cavity of the damaged joint. After the operation, a tire is placed on the knee and hemostatic and anti-inflammatory therapy is performed. After such an operation, complete rest of the foot is required for several days.

Exudative synovitis of the knee joint

 This type of knee disease can manifest itself for no apparent reason. The consequence of this is the irritation of the connective tissue (synovial membrane) when the joint is working. This form of the disease can also be the result of a torn meniscus, injured cartilage, problems with the articular cavity, which were caused by an insufficient number of the associated apparatus.

[15], [16], [17]

Suprapatellar synovitis of the knee joint

This pathology, associated with inflammation of the membrane above the knee and is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in it.

If we talk about treatment, then in this case only complex therapy will be effective. The first step is to pay attention to restorative therapy, which implies recovery and medication, as well as a complex of physical procedures.

A necessary measure is a puncture, which will give more detailed information about the disease.

Villonodular synovitis of the knee joint

It is extremely rare. A special feature of it is the growth of the synovial membrane, as well as the formation of villous or nodal outgrowths.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis is associated with periodic, and soon and constant swelling in the articular cavity and pain in it.

Diagnosis of this disease includes a blood test, arthroscopy, radiography, puncture, pneumoarthrography and biopsy.

The therapy is quite complicated. Its essence is in the removal of the synovial membrane and further irradiation.

Injured synovitis of the knee joint

It is a kind of chronic synovitis along with serous and syringic-fibrous.

This form is characterized by a significant manifestation of all the existing symptoms of pathology. This aggravation is associated with impaired lymph flow and circulation in the knee region.

In addition, the patient often experience frequent recurrences of acute synovitis or a chronic form appears. The consequence may be the appearance of hydroarthrosis. The synovial membrane begins to produce a large amount of fluid, which leads to its exhaustion.

Excessive synovitis of the knee joint

In fact, it is no different from a simple synovitis. The effusion is a fluid that is produced in the synovial membrane of the joint cavity, hence the name of the disease.

If you look at the joint surface, the bones in it will remind puzzles that exactly match each other. Between the two bones there is a gap that is filled with liquid. It is this fluid that helps the bones slip so that the movements are smooth. There is also a synovial membrane, which is responsible for the correct metabolism in the joint cavity. It is the application of an injury or a shell that leads to a synovitis of the knee joint.

[18], [19], [20]

Secondary synovitis of the knee joint

Despite the cases of independent occurrence of synovitis after trauma, this disease may be secondary to the background of another disease. It is these cases that are usually called the secondary synovitis of the knee.

Most often, the cause of primary synovitis may be pathologies that are metabolic or autoimmune in nature. And secondary it can be called, if the background for his appearance was another knee disease. Sometimes in such cases, the disease is called not a secondary synovitis, but a reactive synovitis.

Synovitis after arthroscopy of the knee joint

Arthroscopy is a low-traumatic method of endoscopic examination of the joint cavity, as well as its treatment. The operation is a few punctures that are easily transferred to the patient.

Synovitis after arthroscopy of the knee is easily determined in its form. On a large monitor, you can clarify all the subtleties of the manifestation of the disease, determine the location, identify the damage.

The diagnostic form of arthroscopy allows you to establish an accurate diagnosis and conduct effective therapy.

Surgical correction of all ligament apparatus problems is called surgical arthroscopy.

Synovitis of the knee joint in children

A common but not fully understood problem is the synovitis of the knee joint in children. This is due to the difficulties in conducting the diagnosis. To describe the condition of the joint surface and synovial membrane in children's cases use different methods.

First of all, when examining children with synovitis of the knee, radiography is used, with which it is possible to assess the complexity of the situation in the area of injured articular cartilage.

Often doctors in cases with children use ultrasound. The results of the ultrasound study supplement the information already available and give a more complete picture. In addition, ultrasound makes it possible to determine the amount of accumulated fluid.

Consequences of synovitis of the knee joint

Consequences of synovitis of the knee often depend on the timely provision of medical care, the correctness of therapy and the state of the body.

Different types of synovitis of the knee have their consequences.

For example, allergic and serous synovitis completely cured, and no serious consequences for themselves are not. And if we talk about the severe form of the purulent synovitis, then in such cases, the consequences may not be the best, up to sepsis, complete immobility of the articular incidence and even the death of a sick person.

That is why it is necessary to take this disease with all responsibility to avoid undesirable consequences.

[21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27]

Diagnosis of synovitis of the knee joint

Before you begin to treat the patient, you need to properly diagnose his illness. Diagnosis of synovitis of the knee, first of all, is necessary in order to reveal the cause of the pathology. Information about what caused the manifestation of the disease, makes it possible to establish a precise diagnosis.

First of all, in the laboratory, the necessary characteristics of the synovial fluid are obtained. The analysis includes determining its color, viscosity, the number of bacteria and protein.

The method of arthroscopy is quite informative. It is often used for diagnosis, but is practically not used in cases of detection of the disease in children.

[28], [29], [30]

Treatment of synovitis of the knee joint

Treatment of synovitis of the knee begins only after the diagnosis has been established.

The first step in the process of therapy can be called a puncture, after which the patient is removed part of the accumulated fluid with a syringe.

After a complete cleaning of the cavity, antibiotics are introduced. They are used to prevent infection.

Further actions will be associated with the possibility of ensuring the immobility of articular dysfunctions. To do this, a fixing bandage is applied, which will help reduce the load on the damaged joint. This bandage should be worn about a week after the puncture was performed.

The next step is medical treatment to exclude the possibility of relapse. Assign injections or tablets of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs directed. To increase the effectiveness of therapy, you need to use a variety of ointments or gels that have a local effect. They will perfectly help to cope with edema.

In the case of re-infection or a long unsuccessful fight against infection, antibiotics help. They can be prescribed in the form of pills and injections in the knee area.

Treatment of synovitis of the knee joint with ointments

The use of ointments is not the main method of therapy, but is only a component of a whole complex of measures that are aimed at complete recovery.

Treatment with ointments helps to cope with edema, restore blood circulation and lymph drainage.

In addition to ready-made ointments, which are sold in pharmacies, often use the funds created by the recipes of alternative medicine. The most popular is the ointment, which is based on the grass comfrey. It is quite easy to make it at home. In equal parts, the ground comfrey root is mixed with fresh fat to a homogeneous mass. In order for the ointment to give its result, it is recommended to use it twice a day rubbing into the diseased leg and wrapping the bandage with the treated area.

Antibiotics for synovitis of the knee joint

Used in conjunction with a number of other drugs that are actively fighting with all manifestations of the disease. Antibiotics have a special function - they exclude the possibility of re-infection, especially in the case of the bacterial nature of the disease. They are administered immediately after the puncture, as well as with the manifestation of complications. Use antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action, exclusively on purpose of the doctor.

Refusal of antibiotics or other components of complex therapy can lead to complications and undesirable consequences.

[31], [32], [33], [34], [35]

Operation with synovitis of the knee joint

Far from an exception, there are cases when a conservative method of therapy does not give the desired result. It is at this point that the operation becomes a necessary measure that can lead to recovery.

During the operation, the knee cavity is opened, the synovium is resected and all foreign bodies are removed.

After the operation, you need to perform antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and hemostatic therapies. During the rehabilitation period, physical activities are excluded and physiotherapy and exercise therapy are used.

Physiotherapy with synovitis of the knee joint

It is part of the rehabilitation period. Physiotherapy sessions are methods of therapy and recovery using magnetic radiation, electric current, air, heat, light, etc.

Physiotherapy does not stand still, but is rapidly developing. Already today, various modern methods have been developed that affect the body and have the ability to eliminate local problems. The physiotherapist takes into account the features of the patient's illness and selects the necessary procedures that will speed up the rehabilitation process.

Physiotherapy with knee joint synovitis

LFK is a complex of specially selected exercises that are aimed at therapy and rehabilitation of the patient. All exercises are performed only under the supervision of an instructor or a doctor.

Such an effective set of exercises helps to quickly go through a course of rehabilitation. Such exercises of physical therapy stimulate the body and lead to complete recovery.

Treatment of synovitis of the knee joint with honey

Everyone knows about the medicinal properties of honey that help the patient in the process of recovery. Honey treatment also takes place among the recipes of alternative medicine. Honey is used in combination with other components that have a beneficial effect on recovery from illness. We suggest you read one of these recipes.

Necessary Ingredients:

• rye - 1 glass;
• water - 2 liters;
• honey - 1 kg;
• vodka - 0,5 liters;
• root of barberry - 3 dessert spoons.

Grain the rye with water and put on fire. Boil for 25 minutes. After the mixture has cooled cool. Add honey, vodka and barberry to the resulting mass. Stir well and remove the mixture in a dark place for three weeks.

The finished product must be eaten in portions (3 tablespoons) for half an hour before meals. When all the prepared medication is over, it will say that the course of therapy is over. For maximum effect, two or three such courses are recommended.

Treatment of chronic synovitis of the knee joint

Chronic form of hay fever is characterized by a constant development of effusion and infiltration of the synovial membrane. Treatment is based on the use of inhibitors, as well as proteolytic enzymes.

In addition, the doctor can prescribe funds that stabilize the membranes of lysosomes and reduce their permeability. A similar effect will be on the use of corticosteroids in small doses. Such therapy has an anti-inflammatory effect and quickly leads to a good state of the synovial area of the injured joint arthritis.

Treatment of posttraumatic synovitis of the knee joint

Treatment requires an integrated approach. Based on each case, the decision on conservative therapy or surgery is taken individually. The basis for it is the severity of the injury after the injury.

Correctly selected therapy and a complex aimed at rehabilitation will allow full recovery after the injury.

Treatment of reactive synovitis of the knee joint

Treatment can be divided into several components.

• First of all, knee puncture is performed. Puncture is performed without anesthesia, because it is not accompanied by painful sensations. The doctor with a fine needle pierces the joint and collects a sample of synovial fluid. After this, the selected liquid is sent to a laboratory study.
• The next, no less important step is the immobilization (limitation of mobility) of the joint lesions. This measure provides the patient with a leg rest, and reduces the load on it to a minimum. To do this, use pressure bandages or special patella.
• The following actions will be associated with drug therapy of reactive synovitis. They are aimed at fighting inflammatory processes, which greatly speeds up the recovery process.

Prevention of synovitis of the knee joint

To prevent the emergence of primary or repeated disease requires the prevention of synovitis of the knee joint. This is a set of rules and measures that will help to maintain the health of your feet.

In sports, care must be taken. This will help protect the knee from injury. In addition, special attention should be paid to the choice of shoes, not only in which you train, but also in which you go daily. Suitable shoes will save you from getting injured. For people who spend a lot of time on sports training, it is recommended that joint joints be fixed with special pads or bandages.

Prognosis of synovitis of the knee joint

Making the prediction of synovitis of the knee joint, it is necessary to dwell on the following points. In order to save yourself from serious consequences, you need:

• to eliminate the causes that caused this pathology;
• to restore the broken functions of the joint capsule;
• conduct general restorative therapy;
• To attend physiotherapy sessions and exercise physical therapy.

If an operation is proposed as a way of eliminating existing problems, then it is necessary to prescribe medication and rehabilitation therapy.

Synovitis of the knee joint and army

For young people recruited for the first time, a medical examination is mandatory. There is a list of pathologies that are not compatible with service in the army. Among a large number of diseases, one can also find a synovitis of the knee joint.

There it is said that dislocations of large joints that manifest more than 3-4 times a year due to small physical exertion accompanied by relapses and not pronounced muscle atrophy are the reason for refusing to perform military service. That is why the synovitis of the knee joint in many its manifestations and the army are incompatible.