Gastric hyperplasia

Hyperplasia can affect any human organ, but gastric hyperplasia is especially common. Therefore, any suspicions of gastric hyperplasia should not be delayed, but it is necessary to consult a doctor, take all tests, and if the disease is detected, immediately begin treatment.

Hyperplasia is an increase in cell growth in organs, the formation of neoplasms. It most often appears as a result of cell division, that is, essentially through their normal reproduction, but in large, excessive quantities. Hyperplasia may occur in organ tissues, in the mucous membrane or in the epithelium. In addition, with hyperplasia, not only does the number of cells increase, but also in advanced diseases, changes begin within the cells themselves, their structure changes irreversibly, which can subsequently lead to the degeneration of altered cells into malignant tumors.

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Causes gastric hyperplasia

There are many reasons why gastric hyperplasia occurs, including:

• hormonal imbalances in the body
• advanced chronic gastritis, chronic inflammation in the tissues of the stomach and mucous membrane
• untreated stomach infections
• disorders of the endocrine function of the mucous membrane
• abnormal nervous regulation in the stomach
• The effect of various carcinogens on the stomach also promotes cell proliferation
• Some types of gastric hyperplasia can develop due to the presence of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori in the body
• hereditary predisposition to the disease.

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Symptoms gastric hyperplasia

Very often, gastric hyperplasia is not accompanied by any obvious symptoms at first, and this is the danger of the disease, because in the absence of any symptoms, a person does not even suspect a progressive disease until it becomes chronic and advanced.

Over time, gastric hyperplasia begins to be characterized by the following main signs of the disease:

• severe pain that causes involuntary muscle contractions in the patient, sometimes temporary, but in chronic cases can be permanent.
• possible stomach upset, digestive problems.
• signs of anemia sometimes appear.

You should not postpone the examination if the pain begins to appear at night, when the stomach is empty, this may well be the first sign of gastric hyperplasia. At the first symptoms, you should consult a doctor, you should never self-medicate, and especially let the disease progress on its own, because this is fraught with aggravation and negative consequences. The ideal option is to visit a doctor once every six months for diagnosis, so as not to miss the moment the disease appears and cure it at an early stage.

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Focal hyperplasia of the stomach

Focal hyperplasia of the stomach is an early form of polyp, manifested as a benign tumor in one of the sectors of the stomach, in the so-called "focus", hence the name. It can have different sizes, usually resembles a small growth, with a modified structure, this can be seen especially well during a study with contrast, when the paint gets on the foci of hyperplasia, they immediately change color and stand out against the background of normal tissues. The growths can look like a tubercle, or have a stalk, can be single or multiple. They are also called wart hyperplasia.

Most often they are transformed from erosion of the mucous membrane. They are detected during endoscopic examination.

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Foveolar hyperplasia of the stomach

Foveolar hyperplasia of the stomach is the proliferation of epithelial cells in the mucosa or tissues of the stomach.

Foveolar hyperplasia of the stomach can occur against the background of chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, and is classified as a disease that often does not cause the formation of either benign or malignant tumors.

Usually, the disease is asymptomatic in the early stages and is called an "endoscopic finding" because it is discovered by chance during a doctor's examination. Despite being asymptomatic in the early stages, foveolar hyperplasia of the stomach is considered the initial stage of hyperplastic polyps.

Hyperplasia of the antrum of the stomach

The antral part of the stomach is more often than others subject to the appearance of hyperplasia, since, firstly, it makes up almost a third of the entire stomach, is located in its lowest part and passes into the duodenum. Its main function is grinding, digesting and pushing food further, so it is more exposed to stress and diseases than other sections. The absence of symptoms at an early stage and the course of the disease in the antral section is the same as in any other, the differences are only in the appearance of the growths. Often, neoplasms in the antral part of the stomach are multiple growths of small size. When examining morphology, specialists reveal elongation of the pits and the presence of wide branched ridges.

Lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the stomach

Lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the stomach is a new formation of cells in the follicular layer of the gastric mucosa. Such hyperplasia of the stomach appears mainly due to various disorders of hormonal processes, improper endocrine work and disorders of correlative connections. Products of tissue decay, which are not decomposed in the usual way, can also cause the appearance of lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the stomach. In addition, blastomogenic and carcinogenic substances with which the body comes into contact also affect the appearance of the disease. This disease can develop due to negative effects on internal tissues, disorders of hormonal processes, nervous regulation, correlative connections and improper endocrine work. Specific products of tissue decay, which are not decomposed in the usual way and carcinogenic substances can enhance the growth of the lymphofollicular layer of the stomach.

Lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the stomach in combination with gastritis is very dangerous for human life. Such a combination can lead to the development of malignant tumors.

Hyperplasia of the gastric epithelium

Histochemical examination and electron microscopy reveal functional changes in the activity of cellular elements of the mucous membrane. These changes are especially pronounced in the cells of the integumentary-pit epithelium of the stomach, they are enlarged in size, contain a large amount of mucin inside, which fills the cell and pushes the nucleus to its base. In addition to functional changes, integumentary-pit hyperplasia of the stomach is observed, this leads to the appearance of new gastric pits, which gives them a corkscrew shape. It is also difficult to diagnose based on symptoms, it is better to consult a specialist.

Foci of gastric hyperplasia

Focal hyperplasia of the stomach is polyps that appear due to a long-term inflammatory process in tissues, epithelial cells and mucous membrane, with pronounced proliferation and dystrophy. Usually, such changes are localized, and this allows them to be easily detected using tests and quickly removed, thereby preventing their proliferation and worsening of the body's condition. The stomach has different sections in its structure, including the antral, cadial, fundus and body. And unfortunately, all these sections can be susceptible to various diseases, including gastric hyperplasia.

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Lymphoid hyperplasia of the gastric antrum

Lymphoid hyperplasia of the stomach is an excessive neoplasm of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are very important for the body, they suppress the reproduction of viruses, bacteria, and the spread of malignant processes. Lymphoid hyperplasia is an inflammatory process that involves the lymph nodes themselves and their enlargement, and not just a reaction to inflammation of some other organ.

The location of enlarged lymph nodes can be used to determine the foci of serious diseases. For example, hyperplasia of the lymph nodes in the groin can provoke malignant tumors in the legs or cancerous metastases in the genitals.

Lymphoid hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa

Lymphoid hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa is a pseudolymphomatous lesion of the stomach, which often occurs against the background of a chronic ulcer, but thickening of the mucous membrane, nodular growths that can penetrate the mucous membrane and even its deeper layers can also be observed. Formation of polyps in the mucous membrane is also possible. Lymphoid hyperplasia is difficult to diagnose, it is characterized by the absence of atypical cells, the presence of signs of stromal fibrosis, and the nodular nature of formations in the submucosal and muscular layers.

Glandular hyperplasia of the stomach

Glandular hyperplasia of the stomach is an excessive formation of glandular tissue of the endometrium, manifested by its thickening and increase in volume.

Hyperplasia of the gastric glands is revealed in the form of small polypous growths, mostly round or oval in shape, surrounded by a mucous membrane altered at the cellular level.

The body of the polyp consists of glandular elements or overgrown integumentary epithelium and vascular-rich connective tissue, as well as a stalk, which is a continuation of the adjacent mucous membrane and submucosal layer.

The glandular elements of benign polyps are similar to the surrounding tissue, the epithelium is not very changed. In some places, the glands can expand into cystic cavities. The glands never go beyond the muscular membrane, no matter how extensive the glandular hyperplasia is.

Polypoid hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa

A polyp is a small tumor in tissue or mucous membrane, it can be “sessile” or located on a stalk, be single or multiple, and have a different morphological structure.

Polyps in gastric hyperplasia can appear in any part of it, the reasons are standard - advanced stomach disease, although many scientists consider the reasons for their appearance unknown. According to statistics, people over 50 are most often predisposed to polypoid hyperplasia, but unfortunately, statistics show that polyps have begun to affect the younger generation every year. Such growths are often removed surgically.

Diagnostics gastric hyperplasia

Since it is practically impossible to diagnose gastric hyperplasia without special tests and examinations, doctors use a number of specific studies:

X-ray - shows the presence of polyps in the stomach, you can see its contours, shape, whether it has a stalk, what contours, even or broken. In addition to polyps, you can see a tumor, or rather only its outlines.

A more precise examination is fibrogastroduodenoscopy - with the help of a special device, an examination of the internal walls of the stomach is carried out and it is possible to specifically examine all neoplasms and distinguish a polyp from a tumor and from other growths.

A biopsy is performed after the above-mentioned tests, since this study is aimed at establishing the malignancy of the tumor and its morphological composition.

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Treatment gastric hyperplasia

First of all, for both treatment and prevention of gastric hyperplasia, it is necessary to establish control over nutrition, since often it is the consumption of fatty, heavy, poor-quality food in huge quantities, an improper diet and a sedentary lifestyle that is the first reason for the appearance of problems with the digestive tract, which subsequently lead to gastric hyperplasia. To create a therapeutic diet, it is better to consult a nutritionist, he will do a blood test and help you choose those products that will have a beneficial effect on your stomach and indicate what is best to stay away from.

To eliminate the disease at an early stage, doctors prescribe medication, of course, depending on the cause, most often hormonal drugs. If suddenly the diet and medications do not help, you have to repeat the course, or a surgical operation is prescribed to remove the affected tissues or polyps. In cases where gastric hyperplasia is not chronic and the reasons for its occurrence are clear, the treatment has a beneficial effect and the person recovers. Therefore, you should always, not only in case of pain and discomfort, consult a doctor, but also at least once a year undergo a full examination to protect yourself from difficult to diagnose diseases and prevent their occurrence.