Hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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The main functions of male sex glands (testicles, or testicles) are the synthesis and secretion of male sex hormones (androgens) and spermatogenesis, that is, the formation and development of spermatozoa. Androgens are necessary not only for spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, they also control the growth and function of the seminal vesicles and prostate. At the same time, a sufficient level of testosterone is a necessary condition for normal libido and sexual potency of men.
GnRH is secreted occasionally throughout the day by cells of the hypothalamus. It stimulates the anterior portion of the pituitary gland, which in response secrete LH and FSH. LH acts on Leidig cells in the testicles, stimulating in them the production and secretion of testosterone. Testosterone enters the Sertolian cells of the testicles, where it contributes to spermatogenesis in spermatogonia. Sertolium cells also produce inhibin, a protein that suppresses the secretion of FSH by the pituitary gland. Testosterone has a similar effect on LH.
In sexually mature men, FSH contributes to the onset of spermatogenesis. The hormone joins the receptors of the plasma membrane of the sertolium cells, which are located on the basement membrane of the vas deferens. Sertolium cells respond to the stimulation of FSH by the production of proteins, which accelerate the maturation of spermatogonia in the tubules. If the process of spermatogenesis is started, then one testosterone is sufficient to maintain it.
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