Glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium

The endometrium is the name given to the inner epithelial lining of the uterus. During the menstrual cycle, the surface layers of the endometrium are removed from the uterine cavity, and after the menstruation stops, they begin to regenerate again. And so on, cycle after cycle. But if there is a failure in the process of rejection and regeneration, the endometrium can increase in size, cystic cavities are formed in it, which leads to an increase in the size parameters of the uterus. Glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium develops.

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Causes of glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium

This disease occurs in women of any age, but still, according to the observations of specialists, a greater percentage of cases occur during periods when a woman's body undergoes hormonal changes. These periods are especially noticeable in adolescents at the time when menstruation is just beginning and in women during the period before menopause.

Gynecologists name the following reasons for glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium:

Congenital causes of the disease:

• Hereditary genetic abnormalities.
• Hereditary gynecological diseases, such as uterine fibroids.
• Hormonal imbalance during puberty in a teenager.

Acquired pathology:

• Pathology of “female organs” associated with hormonal dependence (mastopathy, endometriosis, and others).
• Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.
• Infectious diseases of the pelvic organs.
• Gynecological surgical intervention.
• Abortion.
• The cause of the disease may also be disruptions in the endocrine and cardiovascular systems.
• Obesity.
• Ovarian dysfunction.
• Suppression of liver, mammary gland and adrenal function.
• Diabetes mellitus.
• Arterial hypertension.
• Diagnostic curettage.
• Polycystic ovary syndrome.

If one of the older women in the family has been diagnosed with a similar condition, other members of the fair sex should more closely monitor their bodies, undergoing periodic examinations by a gynecologist.

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Symptoms of glandular cystic endometrial hyperplasia

The main symptoms of glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium, which are inherent in all types of the disease:

• Not cyclical, irregular menstruation. Discharge may also appear between periods.
• Unlike menstruation, discharge in this pathology is not abundant, smearing. Much less common are severe bleeding with the release of bloody dense clots. If the blood loss is prolonged, the woman's body begins to reveal symptoms of anemia.
• Painful sensations appear in the lower abdomen, and they are not associated with the menstrual cycle.
• Using ultrasound, it can be determined that during glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium, ovulation ceases. That is, the woman becomes infertile. o
• But there are many cases when nothing bothers a woman, and the pathology is only revealed during an examination by a gynecologist.

In any case, whether it is a disruption in the menstrual cycle or a failure to conceive (if the couple regularly has unprotected sex for a year), a consultation and examination by a specialist is necessary, since glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium does not resolve or go away on its own.

Simple glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium

The proliferation of the endometrium occurs in strictly defined directions and is characterized by special properties. Based on this, the disease is divided into two types. One of the varieties is simple glandular-cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium, which is characterized by the uniform distribution of pathology. This category of the disease also has its own differences in forms. In the case when only glandular tissues grow, this form of glandular-cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium is called glandular. And a more severe form of manifestation is glandular-cystic. In this case, along with the proliferation of glandular tissue, there is the formation of nodules and cysts of benign genesis.

The second type of glandular-cystic endometrial hyperplasia is focal hyperplasia, which is often accompanied by polyps. However, doctors still consider glandular-cystic manifestations to be the most dangerous manifestations of this pathology (endometriosis). This type has a detrimental effect on the ovulation process (female reproductive cells stop maturing), which leads to female infertility. That is, with such a diagnosis, it is almost impossible to get pregnant and bear a child. There is another danger that lies in wait for a patient diagnosed with glandular-cystic endometrial hyperplasia. A primarily benign cyst can eventually degenerate into a malignant tumor if immediate measures are not taken for diagnosis and treatment. And then cancer will have to be treated, and this is much more difficult and more harmful to the body.

Focal glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium

Focal glandular-cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium is a separate neoplasm of a focal nature, which in turn are divided into adenomatous, fibrous and glandular. Pathology of the endometrium in the focal zone can reach six centimeters.

Menstrual irregularities may be the first symptom that indicates problems in the body and the development of endometrial hyperplasia. In this case, periods become painful and more abundant. In some cases, anemorrhea also occurs - there is no period for several months, or even up to six months. By and large, the main underlying cause that triggers this and many other diseases are hormonal disorders occurring in the patient's body.

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Diagnosis of glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium

If there are any deviations in the manifestation of the menstrual cycle, a woman must, without delay, seek examination and consultation with a gynecologist.

Diagnosis of glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium includes the following measures:

• Physical examination by a gynecologist.
• Study of the patient's medical history and her heredity.
• Ultrasound examination of the uterus and other pelvic organs. Using a special sensor, the endometrium is examined and measured, and the presence of polyps, nodules, and cysts is determined. But you should not rely solely on ultrasound results for diagnosis, since this examination only shows the presence of pathology and allows you to measure the thickness of the endometrium.
• Hysteroscopy. This examination is performed on a special medical optical device. During the diagnostic process, differential curettage of the uterine endometrium is performed. The obtained samples are sent for histological examination, which confirms the pathology and determines the type of hyperplasia. This examination is preferably done before the expected start of the menstrual cycle. Gynecologists consider the results of this diagnostic method to be the most reliable. At the same time, hysteroscopy allows not only to make the correct diagnosis, but also to simultaneously perform surgical treatment. Gynecologists estimate the informativeness of this method at 94.5%, while ultrasound examination with a vaginal sensor is only 68.6%.
• Aspiration biopsy. During a gynecological examination, the doctor takes a scraping of the endometrium. This material is sent for histology.
• Histological examination. Allows to determine the morphology of the diagnosis and the type of hyperplasia.
• Clinical studies of hormones. This analysis determines the level of hormones (estrogens, progesterones) in a woman's body. If necessary, hormone levels are checked in both the thyroid gland and the adrenal glands.

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Treatment of glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium

Any patient with the diagnosis in question receives her own individual treatment protocol with precisely selected medications and their dosages, since both largely depend on the hormonal level in the woman’s blood.

Not so long ago, treatment of glandular-cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium was reduced to the fact that the patient was brought to a state of artificial menopause. This allowed, with the use of gentle hormones, in many cases to adjust the hormonal background. Such a course of treatment usually included oral contraceptives (for example, monophasic contraceptives such as "Yarina", "Diane-35" and "Zhanin").

"Yarina". Each poster of the drug contains 21 tablets. Drink the hormonal drug one tablet daily, at the same time, with a large volume of liquid. After three weeks of taking the drug (twenty-one days), take a break for seven days. In most cases, bleeding similar to menstruation begins on the second or third day after finishing taking the drug. Often, the next cycle of tablets is started against the background of spotting bleeding.

It is not recommended to use this hormonal medicine for women whose medical history is burdened by severe renal or hepatic insufficiency, thrombosis, diabetes, migraine, pancreatitis, malignant and benign tumors or individual intolerance to the components of the drug. It cannot be used during pregnancy or suspicion of pregnancy, or during breastfeeding.

"Zhanin". This drug is taken in the same way as the previous one. One pill is taken once a day for twenty-one days, washed down with a small amount of water. Take a seven-day break and repeat the course. Contraindications for the use of the hormonal drug "Zhanin" are identical to the contraindications listed for the drug "Yarina". The selection of medications depends on the test results. Hormonal drugs prescribed by a gynecologist either promote the activation of the growth of hormone levels (estrogen or progesterone) in a woman's blood, or suppress them. During the entire treatment, constant monitoring of hormone levels in the blood is necessary. To do this, the doctor prescribes periodic blood tests for the patient.

In parallel with taking hormonal medication, women with glandular cystic endometrial hyperplasia receive immunostimulants, such as:

Gepon. This medicine is taken in the form of a solution.

For adults and children under 12 years of age, orally, the daily dosage is 10 mg. It is taken once. It is also used as a vaginal mucosa irrigation. Syringing is carried out with a 0.02-0.04% solution of Gepon.

Contraindications to the use of the drug in question are hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, age of children under 12 years, pregnancy, and breastfeeding.

Prodigiosan. The medicine is taken intramuscularly, after checking the body's sensitivity to the drug. Three days after the test, the treatment course begins, which consists of three to six injections for adults, for children the total dosage is 10 to 20 mcg. A single dose for adults is 25 to 30 mcg.

This drug is not recommended for use in cases where the patient has an individual intolerance to the components included in the drug, as well as problems with the central nervous system, myocardial infarction and acute coronary insufficiency.

Without fail, a patient with such a diagnosis is prescribed vitamins and minerals, which can enter the body both with medications and with food. As studies of recent years have shown, acupuncture, which must be performed by a specialist, is effective in glandular-cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium. If necessary, the attending physician can prescribe electrophoresis to the patient.

Sorbifer. These vitamins are taken two tablets twice or three times a day after meals and with plenty of liquid. The daily dosage is between 100 and 200 mg.

Contraindications for use may include hypersensitivity to the drug, bleeding, increased iron levels in the blood, gastrointestinal diseases, renal and hepatic insufficiency.

Maltofer. Vitamins are taken 100-300 mg once a day. The duration of treatment is prescribed by the doctor depending on the disease and severity of the pathology. But, often, it is five to seven months.

It is not recommended to use this drug for patients with hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, or suffering from anemia.

If the above treatment methods do not give the expected result, the gynecologist may prescribe surgical treatment. Under general or local anesthesia, the patient has the overgrown tissue scraped out using a special medical curette. In more severe pathologies, when the pathological tissue has affected not only the uterus itself, but also the ovaries or fallopian tubes, the gynecologist has no choice but to remove them. This has to be done to protect the woman from developing and degenerating into malignant neoplasms. The doctor tries to do everything in his power to preserve the woman's gender.

During the rehabilitation period, such patients are recommended to visit a specialized sanatorium.

Prevention of glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium

There are no special recommendations that would be perceived as prevention of glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium. But in order to somehow protect yourself from this pathology:

It is necessary to visit a gynecologist periodically for examination. It is advisable to do this twice a year.

• Regularly engage in sports, physical education, exercise, fitness.
• Abortion can also have a negative impact on the development of glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium.
• It is advisable to minimize hormonal contraceptives in a woman’s body.
• It is necessary to treat all inflammatory and infectious diseases of the genital organs promptly and effectively.
• It is necessary to carefully maintain hygiene of the body, including the genitals.
• Even if you experience minor discomfort or menstrual irregularities, it is advisable to immediately consult a gynecologist for an examination.

Prognosis of glandular cystic endometrial hyperplasia

The prognosis of glandular cystic endometrial hyperplasia largely depends on the patient herself: how timely she sought help from a gynecologist and how accurately she followed all the doctor's protocol instructions. With this approach to treatment, the prognosis is definitely positive.

In the case when glandular-cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium is diagnosed in a severe, advanced form, the patient may add cancer of the genitals to her bouquet of diseases. In this light, it is quite difficult to predict anything about the disease. Therefore, the woman herself must do everything to ensure that the pathology is diagnosed as early as possible.

No one except the person himself is able to take care of his health. It is necessary to do everything possible to prevent the disease. But if you feel any discomfort in your body, other unpleasant symptoms have appeared - do not delay, you need to consult with your doctor as soon as possible. If the diagnosis of glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium is made, it is necessary to make every effort to ensure that the treatment is as effective as possible, without complications, and modern medicine is ready to provide all the tools to achieve this goal.