Dyskinesia of the duodenum
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Motor-evacuation disorders (dyskinesia) of the duodenum are revealed in lesions of the central and autonomic nervous system, endocrine disorders, systemic and parasitic diseases, and in patients undergoing stomach surgeries. However, most often they occur in diseases of the duodenum and adjacent organs, being one of the earliest and permanent symptoms of these diseases.
With duodenal ulcer duodenal dyskinesia was noted in 53.8-100% of cases, with stomach ulcer - in 66.7-76.5%, with diseases of the bile ducts - in 65-96.2%, with pancreatitis - in 46 -75,6% of cases.
First of all, the attention of doctors attracted a duodenal stasis - one of the types of evacuation disorders, accompanied in some cases by a pronounced clinical picture. Its development was initially associated with mechanical factors of a congenital or acquired character: tumors, adhesions, arteriomesentral compression, anomalies of the duodenum and adjacent organs. It was later found that duodenostasis of this nature is rare, in most cases an organic obstruction of the gut patency was not observed.
Etiology and pathogenesis. According to the generally accepted viewpoint, the direct cause of functional evacuation disorders is the changes in the motor function of the duodenum associated with disorders of its regulation, which, in the opinion of several authors, can appear reflexively, against the background of diseases of adjacent organs, with damage to nerve conductors or due to other causes (illness of the central nervous system, endocrine, damage to the nerves and muscles of the duodenum, etc.).
Causes of dyskinesia of the duodenum
Clinic. Functional disorders of the motor activity of the duodenum are most well studied in chronic functional duodenosis. The clinical picture practically does not differ from that of chronic organic duodenosis and is characterized by a change in exacerbations and remissions. PN Napalkov (1963) distinguishes the following stages of duodenosis: compensation, subcompensation and decompensation.
Symptoms of dyskinesia of the duodenum
Diagnostics. The main significance in the detection of motor disorders of the duodenum has an x-ray method of investigation. The normally observed intestinal function is so uniform and regular that any deviation from it requires the attention of the clinician. Violation of the tone and peristalsis of the intestine radiographically manifests in the form of spasms in the area of functional sphincters or in some parts of the intestine, spastic deformation of the bulb, hypertension, hypo- and atony of the bowel, strengthening and weakening of its peristalsis.
Diagnosis of dyskinesia of the duodenum
Treatment of violations of motor and evacuation function of the duodenum should be complex and strictly individual, with the aim of eliminating the aggravation of the underlying disease and restoring its function. The diet largely depends on the nature of the underlying and accompanying diseases. In those cases where motor disorders are accompanied by a violation of the drainage function of the gut, frequent fractional nutrition (5-6 times a day, in small portions) is necessary. Food should be easily digestible, rich in vitamins, contain little fiber.
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