Diseases of the lungs, bronchi and pleura (pulmonology)

Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic autosomal recessive monogenic disease characterized by impaired secretion of the exocrine glands of vital organs with the defeat primarily of the respiratory and digestive systems, severe course and unfavorable prognosis.

Asthmatic status

Asthmatic status is a severe prolonged attack of bronchial asthma, characterized by severe or acutely progressive respiratory failure caused by obstruction of the airways, with the formation of the patient's resistance to therapy (V.Schelkunov, 1996).

Diagnosis of bronchial asthma

The study of the function of external respiration in patients with bronchial asthma is mandatory and allows us to objectify the degree of bronchial obstruction, its reversibility and variability (daily and weekly fluctuations), as well as the effectiveness of the treatment.

Symptoms of bronchial asthma

The period of precursors occurs in a few minutes, hours, sometimes days before the attack and is manifested by the following symptoms: vasomotor reactions from the mucous membrane of the nose (abundant separation of watery secretion), sneezing, itchy eyes and skin, coughing, shortness of breath, headache, fatigue, excessive diuresis, often changes in mood (irritability, mental depression, gloomy premonitions).

Pathogenesis of bronchial asthma

As indicated earlier, according to modern concepts, the chronic inflammation of the bronchial wall with the increase in the number of activated eosinophils, mast cells, T-lymphocytes in the bronchial mucosa, a thickening of the basal membrane and the subsequent development of subepithelial fibrosis is the morphological basis of bronchial asthma.

Causes of bronchial asthma

Hereditary predisposition to bronchial asthma is revealed in 46.3% of patients, if one parent has bronchial asthma, the probability of developing a bronchial asthma in a child is 20-30%, and if both parents are sick, it reaches 75%.

Classification of bronchial asthma

Currently in the classification of bronchial asthma, the main are two approaches: on the one hand, bronchial asthma is classified by etiology; on the other hand - by the severity of the disease.

Bronchial asthma: an overview of information

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract with the participation of cells (fatty, eosinophils, T-lymphocytes), mediators of allergy and inflammation, accompanied by predisposed persons with hyperreactivity and variable bronchial obstruction, which is manifested by asthma, wheezing, coughing or difficulty breathing, especially night and / or early morning.

Emphysema of the lungs: an overview of information

Emphysema of the lungs is a pathological process characterized by the expansion of the alveoli located distal to the terminal bronchioles and accompanied by destructive changes in the alveolar walls (elastic fibers of the lung tissue).

Obliterating bronchiolitis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Obliterating bronchiolitis is a disease from the group of "small respiratory tract diseases", in which bronchioles are affected - respiratory tracts with a diameter of less than 2-3 mm, which do not have a cartilaginous base and mucous glands.

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