Diseases of the lungs, bronchi and pleura (pulmonology)

Causes of pneumonia

The most common causative agents of pneumonia are gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, intracellular pathogens, and, less frequently, fungi and viruses. In young people, pneumonia is often caused by a single pathogen (monoinfection), whereas in elderly patients and in people with concomitant diseases, pneumonia is often caused by bacterial or viral-bacterial associations (mixed infection), which creates serious difficulties in selecting adequate etiotropic treatment.

Classification of pneumonia

In the past, there were several successful clinical classifications of pneumonia, which provided for their division depending on the etiology, clinical and morphological variant of pneumonia, localization and extent of the lesion, severity of the clinical course, presence of respiratory failure and other complications.

Pneumonia in adults

Pneumonia is a group of acute infectious inflammatory diseases of the lungs that differ in etiology, pathogenesis, morphological picture and clinical manifestations, characterized by predominant damage to the alveoli and the development of inflammatory exudation in them.

Respiratory failure - Overview of information

Respiratory failure syndrome can complicate the course of most acute and chronic respiratory diseases and is one of the main reasons for repeated hospitalizations, decreased ability to work, physical activity at home, and premature death of patients.

Developmental anomalies of the trachea and bronchi: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Acquired deviations of the trachea and bronchi occur without significant changes in their lumen. Most often, bronchial deviations occur due to external pressure from a tumor or cyst located in the lung parenchyma.

Foreign bodies of the trachea and bronchi: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The penetration of a foreign body into the lower respiratory tract is a fairly common occurrence; for this to happen, it is necessary for this foreign body to “deceive the vigilance” of the locking mechanism of the larynx and “catch by surprise” the wide open entrance to the larynx during a deep breath preceding laughter, sneezing, or a sudden scream.

Tracheal and bronchial injuries: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The trachea may be damaged, deviated or compressed in the cervical and thoracic regions. Damaging factors may include firearms (bullets, shrapnel, etc.), piercing and cutting weapons, blows with blunt objects, compression, bruises from falls from height, etc.

Chronic Bronchitis - Information Overview

Chronic bronchitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchi, accompanied by a persistent cough with sputum production for at least 3 months a year for 2 or more years, while these symptoms are not associated with any other diseases of the bronchopulmonary system, upper respiratory tract or other organs and systems.

Acute, chronic and viral tracheitis: whether contagious, how long it lasts

Tracheitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the trachea that occurs in acute infectious diseases affecting the respiratory tract (flu, measles, whooping cough, less often typhus, etc.). Inflammatory diseases of the trachea are rarely isolated; more often the trachea is affected by descending, less often - ascending catarrh of the upper respiratory tract.

Diseases of the trachea and bronchi: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Depending on their type, diseases of the trachea and bronchi may be within the competence of a family doctor, general practitioner, pulmonologist, allergist, endoscopist, thoracic surgeon, and even a geneticist.

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