Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium

Occipital presentation of the fetus: high upright standing of the head

Depending on where the back and occiput are facing - towards the symphysis or back to the cape - there are two types of high standing: the front, positio occipitalis pubica s. Anterior, and posterior, positio occipitalis sacralis s. Posterior.

Infectious endocarditis in pregnancy

Infectious endocarditis in pregnancy is an inflammatory disease caused by various infectious agents, which are characterized by damage to the heart valves and / or parietal endocardium and bacteremia.

Obstetric peritonitis

Early obstetric peritonitis occurs on the 1st-3rd day after the operation. It is usually due to infection during surgery, which was carried out against the background of chorioamnionitis.

Sepsis after childbirth

Sepsis after childbirth can not be considered the result of direct action of the microorganism on the macroorganism, it is a consequence of important disorders in the immune system, which go through the stages of development from the state of excessive activation (the "phase of hyperinflammation") to the state of immunodeficiency ("immunological phase").

Postpartum endometritis

Postpartum endometritis (endometritis) is an inflammation of the surface layer of the endometrium. Endomiometritis (endomiometritis, metroendometritis) is the spread of inflammation from the basal layer of the endometrium to the myometrium.

Infected postpartum wounds

Infected postnatal wounds can manifest themselves in different ways. Bacteriological study of exudate is carried out in order to determine the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics. The sampling of the material should be performed at the beginning of antibiotic therapy.

Occipital presentation of the fetus: low transverse position of the head

Low transverse position of the head occurs during childbirth in those cases when the prepulsive head moves towards the exit from the pelvis, without performing an internal rotation and remaining an arrow-shaped suture in the transverse dimension.

Forehead, frontal and facial presentation of the fetus

The anterolateral, frontal and facial presentations are called extensor, formed in total in 0.5-1% of cases. The causes of the formation lie in the characteristics of the pregnant and fetus organisms, because of which the present part of the fetus can not properly settle above the entrance to the small pelvis.

Breech presentation of the fetus

Pelvic presentation of the fetus is the position of the fetus, which is characterized by the location of the pelvic end of the fetus relative to the plane of entry into the small pelvis.

Fruit-destroying operations

Fetal destruction (embryotomy) is performed to reduce the fetal volume, which makes it possible to extract it through the natural birth canal with minimal trauma to the mother.

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