Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium

Occipital presentation of the fetus: high head erection

Depending on where the back and back of the head are facing - forward to the symphysis or backward to the promontory - there are two types of high upright standing: anterior, positio occipitalis pubica s. anterior, and posterior, positio occipitalis sacralis s. posterior.

Infective endocarditis in pregnancy

Infective endocarditis in pregnancy is an inflammatory disease caused by various infectious agents, which is characterized by damage to the heart valves and/or mural endocardium and bacteremia.

Obstetric peritonitis

Early obstetric peritonitis occurs on the 1st-3rd day after surgery. It is usually caused by infection during surgery, which was performed against the background of chorioamnionitis.

Sepsis after childbirth

Postpartum sepsis cannot be considered the result of a direct action of a microorganism on a macroorganism; it is a consequence of important disturbances in the immune system, which in their development go through stages from a state of excessive activation (“hyperinflammation phase”) to a state of immunodeficiency (“immunoparalysis phase”).

Postpartum endometritis

Postpartum endometritis is an inflammation of the superficial layer of the endometrium. Endomiometritis (metroendometritis) is the spread of inflammation from the basal layer of the endometrium to the myometrium.

Infected postpartum wounds

Infected postpartum wounds may manifest themselves in different ways. Bacteriological examination of exudate is performed to determine the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics. Material should be collected before the start of antibiotic therapy.

Occipital presentation of the fetus: low transverse position of the head

Low transverse position of the head occurs during childbirth in cases where the head, located with the occiput, moves towards the exit from the pelvis without making an internal rotation and remaining a sagittal suture in the transverse dimension.

Anteroposterior, frontal and facial presentation of the fetus

Extension presentations are the anterior cephalic, frontal and facial presentations, which occur in 0.5-1% of cases in total. The reasons for their formation lie in the peculiarities of the organisms of the pregnant woman and the fetus, due to which the presenting part of the fetus cannot be correctly positioned above the entrance to the small pelvis.

Pelvic presentation of the fetus

Breech presentation of the fetus is a position of the fetus that is characterized by the location of the pelvic end of the fetus relative to the plane of the entrance to the small pelvis.

Fertilizing operations

Fetal-destroying operations (embryotomies) are performed to reduce the size of the fetus, which makes it possible to extract it through the natural birth canal with minimal trauma to the mother.

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