Infectious and parasitic diseases

HIV and AIDS

HIV infection is caused by one of two retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2), which destroy CD4 + lymphocytes and disrupt the cellular immune response, thereby increasing the risk of certain infections and tumors. Initially, the infection may manifest as a nonspecific febrile fever. The likelihood of subsequent manifestations depends on the degree of immunodeficiency and is proportional to the level of CD4 + lymphocytes. Manifestations range from asymptomatic current to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

SEN-infection

The SEN virus, a candidate for inclusion in the alphabet of viral hepatitis, was discovered in 1999 in the blood serum of a patient with HIV infection with increased activity of ALT and ACT and negative results of the serum test for HAV, HGV and TTV markers. It was indicated by the initiates of this patient.

TTV infection

The name "transfusion transmitted virus", a virus transmitted by transfusion (TTV), indicates its initial detection in patients with post-transfusion hepatitis. TTV is referred to the family Circoviridae. The virion is a particle without a shell, 30-50 nm in size, consisting of a single-stranded DNA ring structure containing 3852 nucleotides. The presence of hypervariable and conserved sections of the virus DNA was established.

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C (viral hepatitis C, Hepatitis C) is an anthroponous infectious disease with a contact mechanism of the pathogen transmission, characterized by a slight or subclinical course of the acute period of the disease, frequent formation of chronic hepatitis C, possible development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Chronic hepatitis B with delta agent

Chronic hepatitis B with delta-agent occurs in most cases heavier than uncomplicated delta virus. There are data indicating that the factors of the virus (genotype), possibly, largely determine the course of the disease. In general, unlike chronic hepatitis B and viral hepatitis C, in which at least 70-50% of patients live their lives without the formation of liver cirrhosis, in 100% of patients with chronic viral hepatitis D within 15-30 years from the time of infection of liver cirrhosis inevitably develops in the absence of treatment.

Hepatitis D: Treatment

All patients with acute delta-viral infection are hospitalized. Pathogenetic therapy is carried out, as in viral hepatitis B, taking into account the severity of clinical manifestations. Due to the direct cytopathic effect of HDV, corticosteroids are contraindicated.

Hepatitis D: diagnosis

Specific diagnosis of hepatitis D is based on identifying markers of active replication of both viruses: HBV, HDV. From the first days of jaundice in the serum, HBsAg, anti-HBV IgM in high titre, HBe-antigen, HDAg and / or anti-delta (anti-delta IgM) are detected. Anti-delta IgM are produced already in the acute period and serve as the main marker of delta infection.

Hepatitis D: symptoms

The clinical manifestations of hepatitis, which develops as a result of co-infection, are extremely similar to those in acute hepatitis B. The incubation period is 6 to 10 weeks. Characteristic cyclic flow.

Hepatitis D: causes and pathogenesis

In 1977, a group of Italian researchers in hepatocytes of patients with viral hepatitis B detected a previously unknown antigen. It was assumed that this is the 4th antigen of virus B (by analogy with the already known antigens HBs, HBc, HBe), and in connection with this it was called the 4th letter of the Greek alphabet - delta. Subsequently, the experimental infection of chimpanzees with serum containing delta antigen proved that it was a new virus. At the suggestion of WHO, the causative agent of viral hepatitis D was called hepatitis delta virus - HDV.

Hepatitis D

Hepatitis D (hepatitis delta, hepatitis B with delta-agent) - viral hepatitis with a contact mechanism of the pathogen transmission caused by a defective virus, the replication of which is possible only in the presence of HBsAg in the body. The disease is characterized by severe course and unfavorable prognosis. Codes for the ICD-10.

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