Diseases of the endocrine system and metabolic disorders (endocrinology)

Thyroiditis

The term "thyroiditis" combines diseases of the thyroid gland, differing in etiology, pathogenesis, an obligatory component of which is inflammation. With different pathogenesis, the diseases have a clinically similar symptomatology, which makes it difficult in some cases to make differential diagnosis.

Causes and pathogenesis of hypothyroidism

In the overwhelming majority of cases (90-95%), the disease is caused by a pathological process in the thyroid itself, which reduces the level of production of hormones (primary hypothyroidism). Violation of the regulatory and stimulating effect of pituitary thyrotropin or hypothalamic releasing factor (thyreoliberin) leads to secondary hypothyroidism, which is significantly inferior to primary hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism: An Overview of Information

Insufficient level of thyroid hormones in organs and tissues leads to the development of hypothyroidism - a disease first described by V. Gull in 1873. The term "myxedema", owned by VM Ordu (1878), means mucous edema of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

Treatment of diffuse toxic goiter

Currently, there are three main methods for treating diffuse toxic goiter: drug therapy, surgical intervention - subtotal resection of the thyroid, and treatment with radioactive iodine. All available methods of therapy for diffuse toxic goiter result in a decrease in the elevated level of circulating thyroid hormones to normal numbers.

Symptoms of diffuse toxic goiter

The pathogenesis of clinical symptoms is due to the influence of excess thyroid hormones on various organs and systems of the body. The complexity and multiplicity of factors involved in the development of thyroid pathology determine the variety of clinical manifestations of the disease.

Causes of diffuse toxic goiter

Currently, diffuse toxic goiter (DTZ) is considered as an organ-specific autoimmune disease. Its hereditary nature is confirmed by the fact that family cases of goiter are observed, thyroid antibodies are detected in the blood of relatives of patients, there is a high incidence of other autoimmune diseases among family members

Diffuse toxic goiter (Graves disease): overview of information

Diffuse toxic goiter (Graves 'disease, goiter, Graves' disease) is the most common thyroid disease that occurs due to increased production of thyroid hormones.

Syndrome "Empty Turkish saddle"

The phrase "empty Turkish saddle" (PTS) entered medical practice in 1951. After anatomical work, it was proposed by S. Busch, who studied autopsy material of 788 people who died from diseases not associated with pituitary pathology.

The causes and pathogenesis of panhypopituitarism

Hormonal insufficiency of the hypothalamic-adenohypophysial system develops on the basis of infectious, toxic, vascular (for example, systemic collagen diseases), traumatic, tumor and allergic (autoimmune) lesions of the anterior lobe of the pituitary and / or hypothalamus.

Panhypopituitarism: an overview of information

This concept includes hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency, postpartum hypopituitarism - Shiena syndrome, pituitary cachexia - Simmonds disease. In 1974, M. Simmonds described postpartum, septic-embolic necrosis of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland with a fatal outcome in the state of severe cachexia and catastrophically developed senile involution of organs and tissues.

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