Diseases of the endocrine system and metabolic disorders (endocrinology)

Ostrovko-cellular tumors of the pancreas

Tumors of the islets of Langerhans were known to morphologists as early as the beginning of the 20th century. The description of endocrine syndromes became possible only with the discovery of hormones of the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract.

Diabetes mellitus: an overview of information

Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of chronic hyperglycemia, developing as a result of exposure to genetic and exogenous factors.

Treatment of hypoparathyroidism

It is necessary to distinguish its features in the period of acute tetanus attack and emphasize the need for supporting systematic therapy in the interictal period. To treat the hypoparathyroid crisis intravenously, 10% calcium chloride or calcium gluconate solution is administered. The dose is determined by the severity of the attack and ranges from 10 to 50 ml (usually 10-20 ml).

The causes and pathogenesis of hypoparathyroidism

It is possible to single out the following basic etiological forms of hypoparathyroidism (in decreasing order of frequency): postoperative; associated with radiation, vascular, infectious lesions of the parathyroid glands; idiopathic (with congenital underdevelopment, absence of parathyroid glands or autoimmune genesis).

Hypoparathyroidism: an overview of information

Hypoparathyroidism, or deficiency of parathyroid glands, is a disease associated with a change in the secretion of parathyroid hormone, characterized by pronounced disturbances in the phosphorus-calcium metabolism.

Hyperparathyroidism: an overview of information

Hyperparathyroidism - fibro-cystic osteodystrophy, Reckling-hausen's disease - a disease associated with the pathological hyperproduction of parathyroid hormone by hyperplastic or tumor-altered parathyroid glands.

Iodine deficiency disorders and endemic goiter

Endemic goiter is a disease that occurs in certain geographical areas with iodine deficiency in the environment and is characterized by an increase in the thyroid gland (sporadic goiter develops in people living outside the endemic areas of the goiter). This form of goiter is widespread in all countries.

Causes and pathogenesis of autoimmune chronic thyroiditis

A study of the HLA system showed that Hashimoto's thyroiditis is associated with loci DR5, DR3, B8. Hereditary genesis of the disease (thyroiditis) of Hashimoto is confirmed by data on frequent cases of the disease among close relatives.

Autoimmune Chronic Thyroiditis: A Review of Information

In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence, which is obviously associated with increased stimulation of the immune system with newly created artificial antigens, which the human body did not have contact with during photogenesis.

Riedel's goiter (fibro-invasive thyroiditis)

Fibrous-invasive thyroiditis (Riedel's goiter) - a very rare form of thyroiditis - 0.98% of cases - was first described in 1986 by Riedel, distinguished by focal or diffuse enlargement of the gland with extreme density and propensity to invasive growth, as a result of which paresis and compression symptoms develop vessels of the neck and trachea.

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