Diseases of the nervous system (neurology)

Hypopituitarism

Previously, one of the main causes of hypopituitarism was ischemic necrosis of the pituitary gland (necrosis of the pituitary gland, which developed as a result of massive postpartum hemorrhage and vascular collapse - Shikhen syndrome, pituitary necrosis due to postpartum sepsis - Simmonds syndrome, recently often used the term "Simmonds syndrome - Shihena ").

Postpubertal hypothalamic hypogonadism: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Postpubertal hypothalamic hypogonadism occurs mainly in women. It is mainly manifested by secondary amenorrhea (amenorrhea, which was preceded by a normal menstrual cycle). Possible infertility associated with the anovulatory cycle, the violation of sexual life as a result of decreased secretion of the vaginal glands and libido.

Hypothalamic prepubertal hypogonadism: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Hypothalamic prepubertal hypogonadism can be observed in the absence of organic changes in the hypothalamic region. In this case, congenital, possibly hereditary, pathology is assumed. It is also observed in structural lesions of the hypothalamus and the pituitary foot in cases of craniopharyngiomas, internal hydrocephalus, neoplastic processes of various types

Persistent galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Syndrome of persistent galactorrhea-amenorrhoea (synonyms: Chiari-Frommel syndrome, Ahumada-Argons-del Castillo syndrome-by the authors who first described this syndrome: in the first case, in those giving birth and in the second case for nulliparous women). Galactorrhea in men is sometimes referred to as O'Connell syndrome.

Schwarz-Barter syndrome: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Syndrome Schwartz - Barter - a syndrome of inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Clinical symptoms depend on the degree of water intoxication and the degree of hyponatremia. The main signs of this disease are hyponatremia, a decrease in the osmotic pressure of blood plasma and other body fluids with a simultaneous increase in the osmotic pressure of urine.

Idiopathic edema

Idiopathic edema (synonyms: primary central oliguria, central oliguria, cyclic edema, insipid antidiabet, psychogenic, or emotional, edema, in severe cases - Parkhon syndrome). The overwhelming majority of patients are women of reproductive age. Before the beginning of the menstrual cycle of cases of the disease is not registered. In rare cases, the disease can make its debut after menopause. Single cases of the disease in men are described.

Histiocytosis-X: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Histiocytosis-X refers to a fairly rare granulomatous disease of an unknown etiology. Its clinical variety is a syndrome, or illness, Hyunda-Schuiller-Christen.

Hand-Schüller-Christian syndrome: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Hend-Schüller-Krischen syndrome is a clinical variant of histiccytosis-X - granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. The clinical picture is characterized by symptoms of diabetes insipidus, exophthalmos (usually one-sided, less often bilateral) and bone defects - mainly the bones of the skull, femurs, vertebrae.

Central essential hypernatremia: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Central essential hypernatremia is manifested by chronic hypernatremia, moderate degree of dehydration and hypovolemia. It often occurs at the subclinical level. Possible phenomena of adiptsia without polyuria. As a rule, a somewhat lowered level of antidiuretic hormone corresponds to the state of hypovolemia. Some authors consider this syndrome to be a partial form of diabetes insipidus.

Acromegaly

Symptoms of acromegaly usually appear after 20 years, develop gradually. Early signs are swelling and hypertrophy of the soft tissues of the face and limbs. The skin thickens, the severity of the skin folds increases. Increasing the volume of soft tissues makes it necessary to constantly increase the size of shoes, gloves, rings.

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