Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastroenterology)

Infectious lesions of the esophagus

Infectious lesions of the esophagus are observed mainly in patients with reduced immune defense. Primary agents include Candida albicans, herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus. Symptoms of infection of the esophagus - chest pain and sore throat when swallowing.

The esophageal membrane

The esophageal membrane (Plummer-Vinson Syndrome or Peterson-Kelly, Sideropenic Dysphagia) is a thin membrane of the mucosa that grows across the lumen of the esophagus.

Intraperitoneal abscesses

Abscesses can form in any part of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space. Intraperitoneal abscesses are mainly the result of operations, injuries or certain conditions that cause infection of the abdominal cavity and inflammation, especially in cases of peritonitis or perforations.

Intestinal obstruction

Obturation intestinal obstruction is a serious pathology, consisting in the complete violation of the passage of contents through the intestine. Symptoms of intestinal obstruction include spasmodic pains, vomiting, bloating, and gas retention. The diagnosis is clinical, confirmed by radiography of the abdominal organs.

Paresis of the intestine (ileus)

Paresis of the intestine (paralytic intestinal obstruction, adynamic intestinal obstruction, ileus) is a temporary disturbance of intestinal motility. This disorder is usually observed after operations on the abdominal cavity, especially after operations on the intestines. Symptoms of intestinal paresis are nausea, vomiting, and unspecified abdominal discomfort.

Herniated abdominal wall

Herniated abdominal wall - the exit of contents of the abdominal cavity through acquired or congenital weak points or defects in the abdominal wall. Most hernias are asymptomatic, but in some cases, with the development of infringement or strangulation, there is a strong pain syndrome, which requires urgent surgical treatment.

Acute perforation

Acute perforation can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract from various causes with the ingestion of gastric or intestinal contents into the abdominal cavity. Symptoms of acute perforation develop suddenly, with severe pain accompanied by rapidly developing signs of shock.

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Gastrointestinal bleeding can develop at any level from the oral cavity to the anus and may be obvious or hidden. There are many possible causes that divide bleeding from bleeding from the upper (above the connection of the Threitz) and the lower gastrointestinal tract.

Fibrosis of the liver: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Fibrosis of the liver is the accumulation of connective tissue in the liver in response to hepatocellular damage of any etiology. Fibrosis is a consequence of excessive formation or pathological destruction of the extracellular matrix.

Medications and liver

Liver diseases can complexly influence the excretion, biotransformation and pharmacokinetics of medicinal substances. These effects involve a variety of pathogenetic factors: intestinal absorption, binding to plasma proteins, liver excretion rate, intrahepatic blood flow and portosystemic shunting

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